Healthcare demand in medical industry

Running head: Nursing Conceptual theories
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE CARE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

1CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
Abstract
Palliative care includes both patients and their families’ well-being with proper
nursing care and medical supports. Integration of the goal and necessary initiatives give rise
of a Health Service Orientation. Palliative care should be considered in a humanitarian
ground. As a result funding expertise and guidance, cultural specificity, relationships between
host and community, continuity of care, security ethnicity and priorities are some most
important aspects during treatment of a critically ill patient. Humanistic nursing theory is one
of the most important theories used in palliative care nursing. According to this theory, nurse
and patient relationship design to promote the wellbeing and beta interaction between
patience and medical industry. Health Promotion strategies and initiatives are also discussed
in this report.

2CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
Introduction
Palliative care is one of the most increasing Healthcare demand in medical industry.
This needs interdisciplinary approach and inclusion of various fundamental factors of
Healthcare system. Implementation of palliative care is varied for different requirements of
patient. Palliative care includes both patients and their families’ well-being with proper
nursing care and medical supports. Multidimensional approaches are dependent on different
concepts and theories of nursing and Healthcare practice. The assignment focuses on
connection between theories and evidence-based practices of Nursing associated with
betterment of palliative care in Public Health Promotion.
Discussion
Health Promotion and Palliative Care
Development of Health Promotion plan related to palliative care aims better
healthcare services to the critically ill patients and enhancement of quality of life among
patients and their family. This aim includes some necessary initiatives regarding creation of
supportive environment, developing personal skills, strong community actions and
implementation of public policies. Integration of the goal and necessary initiatives give rise
of a Health Service Orientation. Palliative care should be considered in a humanitarian
ground. As a result funding expertise and guidance, cultural specificity, relationships between
host and community, continuity of care, security ethnicity and priorities are some most
important aspects during treatment of a critically ill patient(Barratt et al., 2018). Pain
management and medication to relieve and improve the condition of patients should be
prioritise and monitor in regular basis. In palliative care organisation specialisation of work,
chain of command, span of control, authority and responsibility of staff should be considered.
Decentralized making should be involved better governance. Congressional model should be

3CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
used to empower nurse and other stakeholders as palliative care needs multidisciplinary
approach. Leadership is needed as palliative care is associated with coordination, integration
of facilities and ethical and moral aspects of patient party. Transformational leadership
strategies involve recognition of potential of associated members, helping others to learn and
develop feedback about performance rewarding and availability of information (Cone &
Giske, 2018). Patient-centred nursing care is must for palliative care setting.
Theory related to Palliative Care Health Development
Humanistic nursing theory is one of the most important theories used inpalliative care
nursing. According to this theory nurse and patient relationship design to promote the
wellbeing and beta interaction between patience and medical industry. This theory describes
importance of nurse and patient connection by giving equal importance to both of them.
Palliative care is specially given to the people with critical health condition so that nurse and
patient relationship should represent holistic, collaborative, interventional, person-centred
and empathetic. (Cone, & Giske (2018).). Both clinical and spiritual competencies should be
covered during provision of palliative care. Humanistic nursing care theory is a grand theory.
This is a multidimensional and interactive theory which categorises two communities,
Humans or Patient and Nurses. According to this theory person who need help is a patient
and on the other side the person respond to that is nurse. Dialogue is the methodological
bridge between the theory and practice. The theory is based “on call and response”
framework. This theory concatenates past experience of helpers, present experience of
patient, well-being of patient, social relationships, and patterns of coping education, gender,
race and religion. Connection of nurses and the patient has a structural met paradigm which
include health, environment and the family of the patient also. Transactional relationship with
meaningful demands and concepts are found in the humanistic nursing. This nursing theory

4CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
aims to develop the human credibility to increase wellbeing and awareness of self-existence.
Present literatures and description has covered the knowledge of a person and understanding
of the experience with use of phenomenological approach. With the reference of
phenomenology this theory has a validity with social and personal perspective of patient and
nurse. The underlying principles of this nursing theory is associated with humanism,
existentialism and nursing dialogue (Carvalho & Cordeiro, 2018).). Nursing dialogue
represents the interaction of nurse and patient. According to this theory five phases are
included in nursing process, they are:
1. Preparation of nurse know or come to know
2. Nurse knowing of other intuitively
3. Nurse knowing of other scientifically
4. Nurse complementary synthesizing those are known others
5. Succession within nurse from many to paradoxical one.
The theory has a descriptive approach for the participants in the nursing situation for
observation, interpretation and evaluation of the nature and meaning of living events. This
theory was established after conducting a clinical setting in a psychiatric hospital. During this
clinical setting the reason behind staying period of patients was observed by the researchers.
The philosophical perspective of humanistic nursing theory are very significant in the
practice of hospice and palliative care setting. Hospice and palliative care nurses can search
the patients to achieve the final target in there critical phases(Létourneau, Cara, & Goudreau,
2017). With planning and Care, humanistic nursing theory can provide description of patient
care setting and this theory is highly recommended for future issues related to aged care and
end of Life Care facilities. Self-reflection of humanistic theory is one of the best application
in patient care, human potential and interest in hands and influence with the help of this
theory. Self-reflection helps in better realisation and implementation of clinical methods and

5CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
procedures to the patient. This theory not only connect the patient and nurses but also
interconnect the family and community people of the participants. There are several example
of successful implementation of this theory in medical industry. For example according to a
study end-of-life care patients treated with humanistic theory felt more comfortable endless
isolated from the world.
However palliative care should involve interactionist framework which is associated
with nursing application with better Health Promotion initiatives for advancing education and
end stage patient management. Psychodynamic learning theories are immensely associated
with palliative care as family of the patient included for better quality of life. (Barratt, etal.
(2018).).
Conducted study
In a hospital of United States, a study was conducted in order to understand the effects
of humanistic nursing in the palliative care settings and how it is different from the other
forms of nursing such a biomedical nursing, biopsychosoical nursing, human becoming
nursing and mental health nursing. The outcomes were then analysed and the differences in
the outcomes and prognosis of the disease was analysed and the correlations were drawn with
respect to the other forms of nursing that are used palliative care settings. During the study,
the fact was taken into consideration that end of life care involves both the aspects of the
biomedical as well as spiritual aspects of the nursing but in palliative care that is incorporated
with humanistic nursing is an area of practice where spiritual and humanistic care is delivered
to the patients and to their family as well. A collaborative care with the patient and with the
family of the patient is developed and the effect of humanistic nursing that is recommended
in this study, has been analysed further based on the results of the study. For the study, the
groups in the clinical setup was divided into two halves for a randomised control trial. A
methodology of randomised control trail was undertaken in order to analyse the effect of

6CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
humanistic nursing on the outcomes of the patient who is being treated in a framework of
palliative acre.
The study had two groups – one is control and the other is experimental. The control
group was treated normally with biomedical nursing care that had only some aspects of
spiritual nursing, in a palliative care setting and the other group that is the experimental group
was given a thorough form of humanistic nursing and then, the results were studied. In this
randomised control study – both the groups had 20 patients each and to prevent any
complication or bias, all the patients were taken from intensive care unit. For achieving the
desired results – a duration of 1 month were chosen and weekly reports were drawn in
accordance with the feedback taking. A survey was conducted who took the feedback of the
patients as well as that of the family in order to check their level of satisfaction with the
delivered nursing care, in both the group settings. Other than that a physical and a mental
health assessment was done in order to understand the health and wellbeing state of the
subjects. In the results, it was found that in the control group – out 30 cases, only 18 families
responded on a positive note while in the experimental group (intervened with humanistic
care), about 27 responses were positive, based on the survey. More over the physical and the
mental examinations points to about 40 percent betterment in case of the control group and
45 percent betterment of symptoms in the experimental group.
Hence, it can be concluded from the study that the humanistic nursing has a great role
to play in the end of life care framework and in the palliative care framework as well the
symptoms of the patients are bettered, if not then at least maintained on a normal rhythm
without any much disruption, when the humanistic nursing is applied.

7CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
Role of Nurses in Palliative Care Health Promotion
Orem’s Theory of Nursing explains mainly the therapeutic self-care education for
patients. This nursing theory can be used by the palliative care nurses for teaching the
patients about self-care and better performance of practice (Ghani, Suliman, & Fatima, 2020).
Nurses should use this theory during patient centred care to acquire better developmental
self-requisite by preventing health related risks of patients. (Brown, Chambers, & Rosenberg
(2019).
This theory also helps to increase the approaches regarding technological component
of nursing. Technological component and interpersonal and social relations should be
improved during palliative care by nurses. During person centred care number of workers
decreased and time to spend with patient for treatment is increased. Support services,
decentralization creating interdisciplinary teams and patient redeployment are some
principles of patient centred care. Forces involved in palliative care should be highly skilled,
educated and culturally competent individual as they have to spend most of the time with the
patient and their family. (Schroeder, & Lorenz, (2018).
Involvement of the patient in some task and recreational or interdisciplinary models
can increase the effectively of the care. Cost of person centred care of palliative care should
be decreased for wide range of accessibility. Involvement of multidisciplinary team make
sure better an appropriate diagnosis and interventions related to do the patient’s condition.
(Urden, Stacy & Lough, 2017) Psychiatrist, physiotherapist, community health workers and
highly skilled doctors and nurses should be involved in this inter disciplinary team.
Transformational Leadership and Collaborative Approaches are the two main aspect which
should be maintained in mentation of multidisciplinary team (Shen et al., 2016).
Conclusion

8CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
This assignment focuses on conceptual framework of humanistic nursing theory
related to palliative care. Health Promotion strategies and initiatives are also discussed in this
report. Palliative care and associated nursing models are focused on the prevention of critical
diseases with maximum potential. Transformation in nursing, person centred care are some
supportive nursing practices in this health care aspect.

9CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
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10CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON PALLIATIVE HEALTH CARE
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