This article discusses the steps to report a safeguarding issue and protect vulnerable individuals. It covers the professionals involved, legislative frameworks, and empowerment strategies. The case study focuses on a fictional scenario of physical abuse faced by a child on her way to school.
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Running head: HEALTHCARE Health and Social Care Student’s Name: Student’s ID: Subject:
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1 HEALTHCARE Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Steps or processes to be followed to report the safeguarding issue.................................................3 Professionals involved in the case...................................................................................................3 Six principles of safeguarding.........................................................................................................4 Legislative/policy frameworks to be used within the case to protect the individual.......................5 Role of early intervention/prevention within the case.....................................................................6 Recommendations............................................................................................................................7 Empowerment strategies used to protect the vulnerable group.......................................................8 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9 References......................................................................................................................................10 Appendices....................................................................................................................................12
2 HEALTHCARE Introduction Safeguarding is determined to be the measures to prevent human rights, well-being, and health of individualsespeciallyofvulnerableadults,youngpeopleandchildren.Asaresult,the government of the UK has published guidance and introduced a various legislative framework to protect children from child abuse and maltreatment. It ensures that the children will be provided with a safe environment that possesses safe and effective care. However, the paper provides a fictional case study based on a safeguarding issue. Based on that issue that will be presented within the case the paper will describe the processes or steps that must be followed to report the issue. It will also discuss the professionals involved in the case as well as the six principles of safeguarding. It will focus upon the legislative or policy frameworks along with intervention or prevention programs that could be used within the case to prevent an individual. It will also present recommendations and empowerment strategies that will prevent the entire vulnerable group. Steps or processes to be followed to report the safeguarding issue In order to report this particular safeguarding issue faced by Alice, her parents must inform the senior members of the schools regarding this issue. Her parents must write a statement to the authority of the school by providing as much detail related to the physical abuse faced by Alice while going to school. The school should implement every possible step or process to mitigate the issue as being responsible for safeguarding issues. An appropriate plan must be executed by the school along with the consent of her parents (Drinkwateret al.,2017). This includes any support needed by Alice along with implementing several measures to make sure that she will be reviewed to provide her safe environment. Therefore, the school must act immediately and take strict actions to address the issue to ensure Alice and her parents that they will be not facing any such issues in the future. Professionals involved in the case In this scenario related to physical abuse faced by Alice by other children on her way to school the professionals those who are involved are head teachers, senior members of the school and police. The head teachers and the senior members of the school possess legal regulations and powers to take actions depending upon the behavior of the people outside the school (Dryden,
3 HEALTHCARE 2017). If necessary, the police may also be involved within the case to resolve the issue to provide a safe environment to Alice. On the other hand, Alice’s parents may consult mental and medical health professionals to address the issue. There could be an involvement of the child protection systems that focus upon the case of physical and emotional abuse of a child. The child protection systems will try to give full protection to Alice by investigating the issue (Peckover and Golding, 2017). This clearly states that they will provide care, protect and supervise the issue of physical abuse faced by Alice. Moreover, the health care professionals could also be involved within the case to address the issue that will be helpful for Alice along with her parents. Six principles of safeguarding The UK government have introduced new legislation namely The Care Act 2014 in 2015, where this particular Act set out six principles of safeguarding. These principles intend to develop a significant set of standards for the one who is responsible for safeguarding vulnerable adults. The purpose of the principles is to outline the needs and wants of every individual and to underpin every work with vulnerable adults. As defined by The Care Act 2014, the six principles of safeguarding are as follows: Accountability Accountability is determined to be following on from the common aspect of safeguarding. Any person appropriate must be responsible for the particular role they play in safeguarding and accountability must not be avoided. In a few cases where harm, abuse or neglect has occurred, the courts and the authorities must be involved (Cooper and Bruin, 2017). This clearly states that it is significant that the responsibilities are clear and all the processes are documented. Empowerment Empowerment is all about serving people with as sufficient power and freedom to make decisions for themselves. It is significant that the vulnerable must possess the ability of how they are treated where they must be given consent of facilitating safeguarding needs in the future that will help the individual to deal with the situation effectively (Abrines-Jaumeet al.,2016). Partnership
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4 HEALTHCARE Safeguarding is more effective where partnerships are made and assimilated into practice. The involvement of the communities helps in dealing with safeguarding issues. It is significant for the safeguarding staff to build strong relationships and partnerships with other people in order to prevent them from facing any safeguarding issue. Protection Protection is considered to be a significant act of providing vulnerable people to support and care when they are needed. The Care Act ensures that the one who deals with safeguarding from psychological to physical abuse will be given full protection (Lawson, 2017). The person working with vulnerable adults must possess information of whom to inform to get support and how to protect themselves. Proportionality Proportionality is determined to be a component of safeguarding, where every fact must be taken into account, and every case must be dealt with individually without extreme interruption (Callaghanet al.,2018). This is applied while dealing with dangers or problems and planning preventive safeguarding measures. Prevention Preventing abuse, harm and neglect are determined to be the significant function of safeguarding where prevention of cause is the significant component of safeguarding. Prevention cam is attained through several methods where excellent planning and foresight is necessary (Lonbay and Brandon, 2017). Legislative/policy frameworks to be used within the case to protect the individual The UK is responsible for its laws and policies around social welfare, health, and education. The laws are approved to protect the behavior of people that needs action to prevent children and which can cause harm to children. In the UK the Department of Education (DfE) is entirely responsible for child protection (Barrett, 2015). It sets out statutory guidance, legislation, and policy based on the working system of the child protection system. The Children Act 1989, can be used within the case related to physical abuse faced by Alice as it provides a legislative framework for child protection in the UK. This Act will take several
5 HEALTHCARE measures including a child protection plan to keep Alice safe from physical abuse or harm and promote her welfare in the future. At regular child protection conferences, the plan will be reviewed until Alice is no longer determined to be at risk of significant physical abuse or harm. The Act will help in fulfilling the requirements and expectations around duties of care to Alice along with her parents (Peckover and Trotter, 2015). The local safeguarding boards will also provide safeguarding partners to Alice who will be entirely responsible for child protection guidance, procedure, and policy. The safeguarding boards will work with other agencies in order to collaborate and assure the effectiveness of work to promote and protect the welfare of Alice. It will also make various arrangements to support and identify the issues faced by Alice. It aims to take relevant actions to prevent Alice from facing any physical issue in the future. On the other hand, The Children Act 2014, strengthen the support for Alice along with her parents by creating more accountability and encouraging partnerships among different agencies (Godson, Csikar and White, 2018). It will look after the matter in order to address the safeguarding issue faced by Alice. The Act will take further steps to mitigate the issue faced by Alice. Role of early intervention/prevention within the case Earlyinterventionorpreventionpreventstheoccurrenceofthesafeguardingissue.The prevention programs are designed for protecting child abuse before it takes place. In the case of Alice universal systems of early intervention could have prevented the occurrence of this issue as it provides knowledge about how to protect child abuse that takes place within the community. The child abuse reports are substantiated, investigated and assessed by these systems (Daleet al., 2016). This would have helped Alice to protect herself from such physical abuse by other children on her way to school. It teaches about the psychological effects of child abuse that increases self-esteem and helps the child to remain free from depression and fearful. On the other hand, Alice's parents must have taken help of intervention systems where several agencies have responsibility for considering policies that provide relevant information regarding interventions in child neglect and abuse (Van Dijken, Stams and De Winter, 2016). It evaluates the mechanisms and processes utilized to recognize and confirm the cases of child abuse within the community environment. This would have provided various benefits for Alice and her family to reduce or avoid facing such safeguarding issues.
6 HEALTHCARE Furthermore, the treatment programs developed for preventing child abuse must have been used by her parents where the government spends $40 million. However, various programs have been implemented by the government to reduce the possibilities of child abuse especially physical abuse that has been experienced by Alice. Such intervention programs eliminate the potential for child neglect behavior and abuse, thus it improves the treatment of victims. Meanwhile, the school-based educational programs also protect child physical abuse that focuses upon the significant placement measures (Finkelhor and Lannen, 2015). This would have provided self- help or family counseling services for Alice as well as her parents. It also focuses upon the legal proceedings for child abuse. Therefore, the multiple components of such programs make it easier to consider the specific contribution of the outcomes of child treatment. Recommendations Physical abuse causes long-lasting and serious harm to children that make children feel depressed and anxious. However, the physical abuse experienced by Alice may affect every aspect of her life and continue to put an impact into her adulthood. In case of Alice who faced physical abuse by other children on her way to school, thus it is the responsibility of the parents, teachers and community members to identify and understand the problem and explore possible solutions. It is highly recommended that Alice's parents must plan a family fun night and observe the older children and adults who take an unusual interest in Alice. Her parents must ask her about her day and attend events at her school by getting involved with her education. On the other hand, it is strongly recommended that educators and teachers of Alice must play a significant role in preventing Alice from facing any abuse within or outside school. The teachers must volunteer their expertise at local parenting and prevention programs. They must educate Alice regarding neglect and abuse. If the teacher finds neglect or abuse, she must immediately report the issue to Child Protective Services. The teacher must identify innovative ways to involve parents in children's education. They must teach valuable and important skills that will be beneficial for them to protect themselves from any abuse or neglect. Moreover, the community members also play a significant role in protecting children from any abuse, harm or neglect. However, the community members are recommended that they must mentor a parent or child through various local volunteer programs to make the child feel happy and safe within the community. The community members must plan child abuse and parenting
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7 HEALTHCARE programs within society. Such programs may not only be beneficial for Alice bit also for other children who are dealing with safeguarding issues. It is the responsibility of the community members to appreciate a child when they have used good manners and tried hard at something. Donating money as well time to local child abuse protection organizations is also determined to be the best way for protecting a child from facing any abuse. Empowerment strategies used to protect the vulnerable group Empowerment is all about supporting children to reveal the issues they are facing in their life. However, the participation of children is highly required as it provides various opportunities to discuss the issues and decisions that put an impact on them (Berricket al.,2015). As a result, childrencouldbeprotectedfromanyharm,abuseorneglectbyimplementingseveral empowerment strategies are as follows: Enforcement and Implementation of laws This strategy ensures that the child protection laws are implemented to protect children against violent behaviors, physical and emotional abuse that negatively puts an impact on their health. It helps in conducting a consultation with children by informing them regarding the rules and regulations of Child Safe Policy (Humphreys and Bradbury-Jones, 2015). This consultation program will make the children feel safe while going to school. Therefore, consulting and involving with children, young people and the vulnerable group helps in improving services, practices and policies. Values and Norms Strengthening values and norms support gender, positive, nurturing, respectful and non-violent equitable relationships for all adolescents and children (Rogowski, 2015). It ensures that every child must have respect for individuals of a different culture, social, abilities and ages along with informed and voluntary consent. Safe environments The society must create a sustainable, safe environment that enables children, young people and vulnerable to gather and spend quality time. This helps the vulnerable group to report concerns and abuse if they feel empowered and safe within the environment (Sewell and Hulusi, 2016).
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9 HEALTHCARE Support from caregivers and parent Support from caregivers and parent creates positive parent-child relationships and reduces harsh parentingpractices.Thishelpsinpreventingtheriskofviolentbehavior,riskofchild maltreatment and separation of adolescents and children from their parents (Stephenson, 2017). As a result, facilitating participation and empowerment of children, young people and vulnerable groups encourage a culture of child safety. Life and education skills This empowerment strategy increases children’s and vulnerable group access to more efficient life-skills training, social-emotional learning and gender-equitable education. It also ensures that the school's environment is enabling and safe (Clawson, 2016). This also helps young people and child to develop and understand rights and collaboration, build self-esteem and learn new skills. Conclusion The paper produced a fictional case study related to safeguarding issue where a child has to face physical abuse by other children on her way to school. The measures are taken to provide a safe environment that will be from neglect, harm, and abuse. However, based on the fictional case study the paper discussed the processes or steps to report the issue to the senior members of the school. Moreover, it can be seen that the head teachers, police and senior members of the school are involved in the case. It has been observed that The Children Act 1989, is determined to be the legislative framework that could be used within the case to prevent Alice from such issues. It also discussed the early prevention programs that could have prevented Alice from facing such issues. The paper also provided several recommendations along with empowerment strategies that may help in protecting children, young people, and vulnerable groups from facing such issues.
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10 HEALTHCARE References Abrines-Jaume, N., Midgley, N., Hopkins, K., Hoffman, J., Martin, K., Law, D. and Wolpert, M., 2016. A qualitative analysis of implementing shared decision making in child and adolescent mental health services in the United Kingdom: stages and facilitators.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry,21(1), pp.19-31. Barrett, N., 2015. A multiagency team working to safeguard vulnerable children.Journal of Health Visiting,3(12), pp.634-634. Berrick, J.D., Peckover, S., Pösö, T. and Skivenes, M., 2015. The formalized framework for decision-making in child protection care orders: A cross-country analysis.Journal of European Social Policy,25(4), pp.366-378. Callaghan, J.E., Alexander, J.H., Sixsmith, J. and Fellin, L.C., 2018. Beyond “witnessing”: children’sexperiencesofcoercivecontrolindomesticviolenceandabuse.Journalof interpersonal violence,33(10), pp.1551-1581. Clawson, R., 2016. Safeguarding people with learning disabilities from forced marriage: the role of Safeguarding Adult Boards.The Journal of Adult Protection,18(5), pp.277-287. Cooper, A. and Bruin, C., 2017. Adult safeguarding and the Care Act (2014)–the impacts on partnerships and practice.The Journal of Adult Protection,19(4), pp.209-219. Dale, R., Shanley, D.C., Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J., Lines, K., Pickering, K. and White, C., 2016. Empoweringandprotectingchildrenbyenhancingknowledge,skillsandwell-being:A randomized trial of Learn to BE SAFE with Emmy™.Child abuse & neglect,51, pp.368-378. Drinkwater, J., Stanley, N., Szilassy, E., Larkins, C., Hester, M. and Feder, G., 2017. Juggling confidentiality and safety: a qualitative study of how general practice clinicians document domestic violence in families with children.Br J Gen Pract,67(659), pp.e437-e444. Dryden, M., 2017. Radicalisation: the last taboo in safeguarding and child protection? Assessing practitioner preparedness in preventing the radicalisation of looked-after children.Journal for Deradicalization, (13), pp.101-136.
11 HEALTHCARE Finkelhor, D. and Lannen, P., 2015. Dilemmas for international mobilization around child abuse and neglect.Child abuse & neglect,50, pp.1-8. Godson, J., Csikar, J. and White, S., 2018. Oral health of children in England: a call to action!.Archives of disease in childhood,103(1), pp.5-10. Humphreys, C. and Bradbury-Jones, C., 2015. Domestic abuse and safeguarding children: Focus, response and intervention.Child abuse review,24(4), pp.231-234. Lawson, J., 2017. The making safeguarding personal approach to practice.Safeguarding Adults Under the Care Act: Understanding Good Practice, London, Jessica Kingsley Publications, pp.20-39. Lonbay, S.P. and Brandon, T., 2017. Renegotiating power in adult safeguarding: the role of advocacy.The Journal of Adult Protection,19(2), pp.78-91. Peckover, S. and Golding, B., 2017. Domestic abuse and safeguarding children: critical issues for multiagency work.Child abuse review,26(1), pp.40-50. Peckover, S. and Trotter, F., 2015. Keeping the focus on children: the challenges of safeguarding children affected by domestic abuse.Health & social care in the community,23(4), pp.399-407. Rogowski, S., 2015. From child welfare to child protection/safeguarding: A critical practitioner’s view of changing conceptions, policies and practice.Practice,27(2), pp.97-112. Sewell, A. and Hulusi, H., 2016. Preventing radicalisation to extreme positions in children and youngpeople.Whatdoestheliteraturetellusandshouldeducationalpsychology respond?.Educational Psychology in Practice,32(4), pp.343-354. Stephenson, J., 2017. Safeguarding in schools.Children & Young People Now,2017(7), pp.26- 27. Van Dijken, M.W., Stams, G.J.J. and De Winter, M., 2016. Can community-based interventions prevent child maltreatment?.Children and youth services review,61, pp.149-158.
12 HEALTHCARE Appendices Fictional Case Study Alice is 14 years old and attends her local state secondary school since she was 11 years old. Initially, she had been a healthy and happy student without facing any specific issue at home. Her parents observed that over a few days she became withdrawn and quiet. Also, she spends a lot of time in her room without engaging in conversations with anyone else. She avoids discussing much related to the school activities, and also she had been late for school daily. As a result, the school has communicated this particular issue with Alice’s parents through a letter. However, her parents believed that the reason behind the changing behavior of Alice is because of some unacceptable reason happening within the school. Therefore, they decided to conduct a meeting with the senior member of the pastoral staff. The senior members of the schools were unaware of any such issues faced by Alice other than occasional lateness. Her parents again tried to talk to Alice related to her changing behavior. She disclosed the fact that on her way to school she had been physically bullied by other children. The children chase and hit her, thus by reaching school after everyone else she tried to avoid them. This is the reason why she is being late to school regularly as she is very upset.