Healthcare

Running head: HEALTHCARE
Healthcare
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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HEALTHCARE
Answer: 1
Valley of Drums is a 23-acre toxic waste site located in Kentucky. It is used for the
collection of waste since 1960. The study undertaken by the United States environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in 1979 highlighted the presence of heavy metal and high
percentage of polyachlorinated biphenyls and other 140 harmful chemical substances in that
area. Thus in 1983, EPA enlisted this place under the superfund program as the groundwater
is gradually getting contaminated due the intoxication coming from the toxic substance and
other plastic storage drums (Kim, Schieffer and Mark 2016).
At state level Kentucky Department of Natural Resource and Environmental
Protection (KDNREP) was first to highlight the Valley of Drums as the site for
environmental concern in 1967 and they documented their official report in 1975. Later EPA
responded to this report and initiated action under Clean Water Act of section 311. Under this
act, they can control further release of the waste materials and pollutants and thereby
preventing contamination of the water resources from the toxic components. EPA also took
active initiatives to eradicate at least 30% of the surface drums (Adcock 2013).
At the community level, numerous emergency or authority response branch took
active initiatives in removing the waste drums and building temporary trenches in order to
secure the surrounding unpolluted area. After the removal of the waste drums, research has
been conducted in order to test the safety quotient for ground-water in the parameter of safety
drinking and other use like bathing (Adcock 2013).
At the individual level, people who are living in the locality and neighborhood areas
became aware of the health hazards and tried to migrate to other sage place and also fought
for the land recovery. The government also issued funding to EPA and KDEP in order to

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HEALTHCARE
continue their activities of effective monitoring of the groundwater and protection of the
people and other biodiversity (Adcock 2013).
Answer: 2
Three contextual issues that ca affect organization, structure and the function of the
healthcare and public health include:
a. Effective communication
b. Proper support and maintenance
c. Financial funding and informed decision-making
Effective communication
According to Pandve and Giri (2015), India has made a significant progress in
handling HIV epidemic in comparison to the other countries. The epidemic of HIV infection
in India has decreased by 57% during the tenure of 2000 to 2011 and the main reason
attributed for this is anti-retroviral therapy. However, the government of India has failed to
promote effective prevention of HIV-AIDS among the trans-gender community, orphan
children and immigrant population. The reason behind this is lack of proper communication
and disease awareness program targeted towards these groups of population (Pandve and Giri
2015). At present National Aids Control Organisation (NACO) (2019) is aiming to work on
HIV-AIDs prevention strategy through targeted intervention approach.
Proper support and maintenance
Li (2017) stated that health inequity is present among the Aboriginals and Torres
Strait Islanders of Australia and the cultural barriers are the main reasons behind the presence
of health inequity in Australian Aboriginal population. The maternal mortality rate in