Cardiovascular Disease: Global Health Challenges and Policies

Running head: HEALTHCARE
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HEALTHCARE 1
Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases have been recorded as one of the main reasons of high rate of
death through out the world. This comprises of more than 12.7% of the death rates per country as
per the statistics by the WHO. Over the last decades, the government each and every country and
the United Nations have been taking some of the major preventive steps and action towards the
reduction of this global health disease (Prince et al. 2015). Though the mortality rates from the
cardiovascular disorders have dropped, there still lies some threats towards decreasing and
abolishing the root cause of the disease due to the rising levels of diabetes, obesity and the lack
of the adherence towards the recommended treatments. The report is a health assessment study
targeting the analyzing of the policy brief regarding the global health issues of the cardiovascular
disease that has been contributing to a larger share towards the death rates through it the globe.
The report explains and identifies the current ongoing and implemented policies regarding the
targeted health issues together with the strategies and the recommendations for addressing
further progress in reduction of the health challenge.
Defining and describing the public health issue
CVD or the cardio vascular disease are the global health challenges that are related to the
blood vessels and the heart of the human body. These includes a wide range of diseases and
challenges including the cardiomyopathy, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart disease
and stroke, which are mostly prevalent in the developing and the under developed countries of
the globe (Mozaffarian 2016). Cardio vascular disease refers to the conditions that includes the
blockage or the narrowness of the vessels of the blood within the human biological system that

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leads to heart attacks, angina or chest pain and strokes. This heath challenge have different
symptoms from men and women. In case of male, these disease have more likely impacts of
chest pain. Women have the most tendency to have other symptoms like chest discomfort, breath
shortness, nausea and some of the extreme rate of fatigue. Symptoms of the cardio vascular
disease includes shortness of breath, pain, coldness around the arms, neck due to the narrowness
of the blood vessels. The pain and the discomfort ion chest and discomfort in abdomen and neck.
According to World Health Organization. (2019) the cardio vascular disease refers to the
problems of the heart and the blood vessels and is often used towards the meaning of the damage
of the blood vessels and the heart by the challenge of atherosclerosis.
Cardio vascular diseases takes the lives of more than 18 million people each and every
year targeting 31% of all the death through out the globe. The trigger to the disease that
manifests the fundamental factors as the strokes and the heart attacks are mainly the use of the
tobacco, lack of proper physical activity, unhealthy diet plan and the harmful usage of alcohol;
and other drugs (Braun et al. 2016). As per the statistics, the cardio vascular disease includes the
coronary heart disease, the rheumatic heart disease and some of the other categories of heart
disease which tends to demonstrate the pressure of the raised blood, lipids and glucose targeting
obesity and overweight. According to the reports by the World Health Organization, the cardio
vascular disease has been a major developmental issue or challenge within the low and the
middle income countries.

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Figure - Statistics of world
Source - (World Health Organization. 2019)
The figure above illustrates the total number of deaths caused due to cardio vascular
disease through out the world. People residing in the developing and the under developed or the
low or the middle-income countries often lacks the primary benefits of the integrated primary
heath care programs for the treatment and the early detection of the risk factors that are
compared to the people in the high income countries. Furthermore people belonging from the
low and the middle income countries suffer form cardio vascular disease and some of the other
non-communicable diseases targeting less access towards the equitable and effective services of
the health care (Prince et al. 2015) . Furthermore the communities and the poorest people
belonging to the world population are affected the most. In the level of the household, there lies
sufficient level of evidences targeting the fact that non communicable disease and the cardio
vascular disease contributes to the large scale of poverty caused due to the catastrophic spending
of the health and the out of pocket spending or expenditure. In the context of the macro