Architecture and System Integration for Healthcare Information System

This report discusses the development of a healthcare information system for the Victorian State Government. It covers the identification of different services needed, technology required, and the development of the system following a software development lifecycle model. The report also discusses the importance of sustainable application and data storage infrastructure design, application and service integration, and the use of IoT and data analytics for increasing efficiency.

Architecture and System Integration
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

ARCHITECTURE AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1
EAI RA...............................................................................................................................................2
Architecture Overview Diagram..................................................................................................2
Component Relationship Diagram...............................................................................................3
Sustainable application and data storage infrastructure design.....................................................3
Application and service Integration.................................................................................................5
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................7
References.......................................................................................................................................9
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Introduction
The report is prepared for the development of a healthcare system for the Victorian State
Government for the reduction of the cost pressure and providing health service to the people.
For the development of the healthcare information system the different service that are
needed to be included in the system should be identified. Focus should be given on the
technology that is required for the development of the digital clinical system. The information
system is needed to be developed for sharing the health information securely with the doctors
and meet the individual needs for production of cost efficient results1. The system should be
developed following a software development lifecycle model and the functionality of the
system should be analyzed for the development of the modules and integrating it with each
other for the development of the information system. An analysis should be done on the
targeted group of user for aligning the system with the requirement of the user and increase
the efficiency of the system. The use of IoT and data analytics for the development of the
information system would help in increasing the efficiency of identification of the health
condition and meet the future needs of the users.
1 Wager, Karen A., Frances W. Lee, and John P. Glaser. Health care information systems: a practical approach for
health care management. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.
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EAI RA
Architecture Overview Diagram
Figure 1: Architecture Overview Diagram for the health information system
(Source: Created by author)
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Component Relationship Diagram
Figure 2: Component Relationship Diagram for the health information system
(Source: Created by author)
Sustainable application and data storage infrastructure design
For maintaining sustainability for the development of the application and designing the storage
infrastructure the scope of the system should be analyzed that would help the user in future for
ensuring that the cost, technology and the constraints are eliminated. The information system
should be developed by meeting the compliance standards and the legacy components for the
development of the sustainable information system2. The server platform and optimization of
2 Boulware, L. Ebony, Lisa A. Cooper, Lloyd E. Ratner, Thomas A. LaVeist, and Neil R. Powe. "Race and trust in the
health care system." Public health reports (2016).
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the existing system is the main criteria for the success of the information system. A conceptual
architecture is created for the identification of the two way interaction and the system
capabilities. The system is considered for a single enterprise and the types of interaction with
the system are identified between the Victorian state government and the user are used for the
formation of the policy and creating an information gateway for the management of the data
gathered for the development of the information system.
The data domain is used for the management of the master data service, unstructured,
metadata and the operational data. Since the information system is needed to be access from
remote location the accuracy of the information is important for improvement of the
performance of the external constituent and the government3. The information needs to be
centrally managed for the integration of the different service and the interaction of the users
and the staffs should be monitored for securing the service and the delivery channels between
the different services and the systems.
A logical architecture of the information system framework should also be developed
describing the technical functionality that is needed for delivering the business views associated
with the conceptual design of the health information system. The component model is used for
delivering the functionality and the capabilities of the system for delivering the specific needs of
the users to get the accurate result of the diagnosis from the health information system. The
existing terminology and the external systems should be identified for designing the
infrastructure and the integration platform should be developed for the management of the
complexity of the information and securing the data from external access4. The management of
application is important for the integration of the third party application and service with the
information system for performing the specific needs of the user. The framework created for
the development of the health information system should be based on the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the case study and the highlighted factors5. The factors of improvement
of the current system should be identified and a continuous improvement plan should be
incorporated for the improvement of the electronic health information system.
The application of sustainable theories and the importance of the health information system for
the current society should be evaluated for the identification of the deficiency in the current
treatment procedure followed by the patients6. The electronic health information system
should be adopted by the hospitals for improvement of their response time and circulation of
3 Milevska, N. Kostova, Snezhana Chichevalieva, Ninez A. Ponce, and J. Winkelmann. "The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia: Health System Review." Health systems in transition 19, no. 3 (2017): 1-160.
4 Burwell, Sylvia M. "Setting value-based payment goals—HHS efforts to improve US health care." N Engl J
Med 372, no. 10 (2015): 897-899.
5 Islam, SM Riazul, Daehan Kwak, MD Humaun Kabir, Mahmud Hossain, and Kyung-Sup Kwak. "The internet of
things for health care: a comprehensive survey." IEEE Access 3 (2015): 678-708.
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the medical information of a patient and reducing the cost of treatment. There are different
models available and the model should be selected upon the rate of success of the model and
from the analysis on the different model it has been found that the McLean model is the best
model for the development of an interdependent system7. The three criteria of a system is
measured such as quality of the system, quality of service, characteristics desired, usability,
timeline and the completeness. The ease to use and the reliability of the system is important
for the success and sustainability of the information system. An antecedent factor should be
used or the analysis of the information system success and the different technological factors
should be used for the management of the quality of information.
A research methodology should be selected for the identification of the technical barriers faced
for the implementation of the development of the health information system. Different
successful examples and ongoing projects are analyzed for identification of the requirement of
the development of a sustainable application and the data storage infrastructure design. The
quality of the system is another factor for the improvement of the efficiency if the information
system and for the improvement of the treatment procedure the errors in the system should be
identified and mitigated immediately8. The workflow of the system should be identified
according the medical process for understanding the treatment procedure and program the
system according to the requirement of the organization. The response time of the system
should be minimum and it should provide support the medical practitioners and reducing the
complexity of the treatment.
Application and service Integration
The integration of the service and the platform is important for the development of the
information system for the health care industry. The exchange of the data and the information
is important for the management of the workflow and the integration of the data for the
specification of the practical guidelines and manage the different service needed for the
development of the information system9. The departments of the hospital should be
categorized as a functional module for the isolation of the functionality of the system and
distribution of thee medical health records. A distributed networking environment should be
6 Duckett, Stephen, and Sharon Willcox. The Australian health care system. No. Ed. 5. Oxford University Press,
2015.
7 Ventola, C. Lee. "Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits." Pharmacy and
Therapeutics 39, no. 5 (2014): 356.
8 Zhang, Yin, Meikang Qiu, Chun-Wei Tsai, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, and Atif Alamri. "Health-CPS: Healthcare
cyber-physical system assisted by cloud and big data." IEEE Systems Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 88-95.
9 Xu, Boyi, Li Da Xu, Hongming Cai, Cheng Xie, Jingyuan Hu, and Fenglin Bu. "Ubiquitous data accessing method in
IoT-based information system for emergency medical services." IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics 10, no. 2 (2014):
1578-1586.
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created for connecting the servers and the portable equipment’s located in different
geographical locations for integrating with the health service. The patient records should be
recorded with all the details such that it can be used by the medical practitioners for diagnosis
of the health condition of the patients. There are different assistant service that should be
developed for assisting the patients to use the electronic health record system and eliminate
the problems faced by them10. The presence of the technical knowledge is important for the
development of the system and the medical practitioners should be involved in the
development process such that the technical knowledge can be improved and less number is
generated during the development of the information system.
Personal interviews should be arranged with the stakeholders of the system and aims of the
system should be developed for the evaluation interview and adoption of the new service
required for the development of the project. An estimation of the resource required for the
management of the information and development the health care application should be
identified for proceeding with the development process of the information system. The
requirement should prioritized according to its severity and a risk management plan should be
created for the mitigation of the risk and evolution of the extensive computerized system 11. The
system should be developed in different sub systems such as clinical management system, care
management system, financial management, Supply management, information management,
revenue management, Support Service and research and Training and integrated with each
other for performing as a health information system. The hardware and software required for
the development of the information system should be identified and the development process
should be started. The database of the information system is developed in Oracle g and Delphi
is used as the programming language12. The system architect is used for formatting the data and
dream weaver is used as a Web programming language. The main criteria for the success of the
information system is its usability and thus the user interface of the health information system
should be user friendly. Each of the sub system should be displayed to the user such that the
user can reach all the functionality13. The sub system should be provided accounting to the type
of the user account such as the admin account should be provide the functionality for the
management of the supply and financial data whereas the normal user account should not have
this management function available.
10 Ginter, Peter M., W. Jack Duncan, and Linda E. Swayne. The strategic management of health care organizations.
John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
11 McPherson, Richard A., and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory
Methods E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2017.
12 Nguyen, Lemai, Emilia Bellucci, and Linh Thuy Nguyen. "Electronic health records implementation: an evaluation
of information system impact and contingency factors." International journal of medical informatics 83, no. 11
(2014): 779-796.
13 Mossialos, Elias, Martin Wenzl, Robin Osborn, and Dana Sarnak. 2015 international profiles of health care
systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2016.
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The change in the technology and the strategic planning would help in improvement of the
efficiency of the treatment procedure and offer service to the patient at a reduced cost. The
components that comprises the information system should be identified and the high level
description of the component should be created for the development of the interface and
integrating with the different operational service provided to the users using the health
information system14. The components should be used for the retrieval of the different portals
and the services and increase the efficiency of the treatment procedure. The operational model
is used for the management of the flow of the information and connecting the different nodes
for the execution of the software. There are different security services used for authentication
and authorization of the different service and application and bridge between the instances
manage the gateway and bridge for maintaining high level interaction with the user15. The
network administrator is responsible for the management of the service and management of
the file transfer between the user and the information system. The different equipment’s
connected with the system should be services and it data sent to the information system should
be accurate such that there is no error in the diagnosis of the health condition of the patient. A
unique environment should be created for the management of the structured and the
unstructured data16. The sensitivity of the data should be analyzed for enabling exchange of the
data form the development of the health information system. The business views and the
service necessary for the management of the availability, interoperability is essential for
maintaining security of data.
Conclusion
For the development of the electronic health information system the constraint and the barrier
in the development process should be identified. The management of the interoperability
between the functional modules is important for maintaining sustainability of the project. The
application of the terminology system is important for the improvement of the system by the
removal of the complexity from the system. Different visualization approach should be used for
the identification of the system boundary and structuring the database designed for the
information system framework. The practical problems that are faced during the
computerization of the information should be analysed and mitigation of the problem should
be found for maintaining a control over the inputs and outputs from the system. The benefits
that can be obtained from the development of the health information system should be
identified and the point of failure and the alternatives should also be identified for the
management of the different operations. The security of the database designed for the
information system should be high and the errors in the database should be reported by
14 Bates, David W., Suchi Saria, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Anand Shah, and Gabriel Escobar. "Big data in health care:
using analytics to identify and manage high-risk and high-cost patients." Health Affairs 33, no. 7 (2014): 1123-1131.
15 Laudon, Kenneth C., and Jane P. Laudon. Management information system. Pearson Education India, 2016.
16 Kimberlin, David W., Michael T. Brady, Mary Ann Jackson, and Sarah S. Long. Red Book, (2015): 2015 Report of
the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American academy of pediatrics, 2015.
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maintaining a log for management of the problems of the information system. The developed
information system should be scalable and new innovative ideas should be implemented for
the visualization of the information and develop a successful framework for the system.
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References
Bates, David W., Suchi Saria, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Anand Shah, and Gabriel Escobar. "Big data
in health care: using analytics to identify and manage high-risk and high-cost patients." Health
Affairs 33, no. 7 (2014): 1123-1131.
Boulware, L. Ebony, Lisa A. Cooper, Lloyd E. Ratner, Thomas A. LaVeist, and Neil R. Powe. "Race
and trust in the health care system." Public health reports (2016).
Burwell, Sylvia M. "Setting value-based payment goals—HHS efforts to improve US health
care." N Engl J Med 372, no. 10 (2015): 897-899.
Duckett, Stephen, and Sharon Willcox. The Australian health care system. No. Ed. 5. Oxford
University Press, 2015.
Ginter, Peter M., W. Jack Duncan, and Linda E. Swayne. The strategic management of health
care organizations. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
Islam, SM Riazul, Daehan Kwak, MD Humaun Kabir, Mahmud Hossain, and Kyung-Sup Kwak.
"The internet of things for health care: a comprehensive survey." IEEE Access 3 (2015): 678-708.
Kimberlin, David W., Michael T. Brady, Mary Ann Jackson, and Sarah S. Long. Red Book, (2015):
2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American academy of pediatrics, 2015.
Laudon, Kenneth C., and Jane P. Laudon. Management information system. Pearson Education
India, 2016.
McPherson, Richard A., and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by
Laboratory Methods E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2017.
Milevska, N. Kostova, Snezhana Chichevalieva, Ninez A. Ponce, and J. Winkelmann. "The former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Health System Review." Health systems in transition 19, no. 3
(2017): 1-160.
Mossialos, Elias, Martin Wenzl, Robin Osborn, and Dana Sarnak. 2015 international profiles of
health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2016.
Nguyen, Lemai, Emilia Bellucci, and Linh Thuy Nguyen. "Electronic health records
implementation: an evaluation of information system impact and contingency
factors." International journal of medical informatics 83, no. 11 (2014): 779-796.
Ventola, C. Lee. "Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and
benefits." Pharmacy and Therapeutics 39, no. 5 (2014): 356.
Page 9

DATA AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Wager, Karen A., Frances W. Lee, and John P. Glaser. Health care information systems: a
practical approach for health care management. John Wiley & Sons, 2017.
Xu, Boyi, Li Da Xu, Hongming Cai, Cheng Xie, Jingyuan Hu, and Fenglin Bu. "Ubiquitous data
accessing method in IoT-based information system for emergency medical services." IEEE Trans.
Industrial Informatics 10, no. 2 (2014): 1578-1586.
Zhang, Yin, Meikang Qiu, Chun-Wei Tsai, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, and Atif Alamri. "Health-
CPS: Healthcare cyber-physical system assisted by cloud and big data." IEEE Systems Journal 11,
no. 1 (2017): 88-95.
Page
10