Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Care: A Study on Healthcare Services
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This study explores the differences between primary, secondary and tertiary care services in healthcare. It covers the services provided by General Physicians, St. Thomas Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Helping Hands. The study also discusses the costs, waiting times and patient load of each service.
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Running head: PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Primary, secondary and tertiary care Name of the student: Name of the university: Author note:
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1PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Table of Contents P1:...................................................................................................................................................2 Primary service:.........................................................................................................................2 Secondary service:...................................................................................................................3 Tertiary service:.........................................................................................................................3 Informal care:.............................................................................................................................4 M1:...................................................................................................................................................6 Primary service:.........................................................................................................................6 Secondary service:...................................................................................................................7 Tertiary service:.........................................................................................................................9 Informal care:...........................................................................................................................10 References:..................................................................................................................................12
2PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE P1: Primary service: Primary care can be defined as the service provided in the community or local setting for the public by an initial approach taken by medical practitioner for preliminary advice or treatment in order to address any health issue. A primary care provider serves as the point of first or initial contact, and principal point of continuing care that a patient will receive within a healthcare system (Hunter et al., 2017).It has been mentioned that primary care is provided to the patient by a health professional in community care unit and primary care is generally provided by a general physician on a family physician to the patient. For this study the chosen primary care service is given by a General physician by thenameof Nabil Hamami, practicinginCromwellhospital, providinggeneral consultation (McManners et al., 2018). Logo (McManners et al., 2018)
3PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Secondary service: The second element of this study is the secondary care which is the next service after primary care by being referred to the next step. The secondary care generally comprises of a specialist (Haslam et al., 2016). At this point the patient will be looked afterby ahealthcareprofessionalwhohasmorespecificexpertiseinthehealth adversity that the patient is feeling and can provide more experienced advice in both diagnosis and treatment part of the procedure. Under the application of NHS, the performance of secondary care is managed by the clinical commissioning groups. The example chosen of secondary care in the study include hospitals providing the care of Specialists. The chosen hospital for the study is St Thomas Hospital which is funded by the NHS Foundation trust. They provide Community Centre services of specialist secondary care to the different individuals (Guysandstthomas.nhs.uk., 2018). Logo (Guysandstthomas.nhs.uk., 2018) Tertiary service: A tertiary care hospital or tertiary referral hospital can be defined as a hospital that provides tertiary care from the different specialists in large multispecialty healthcare settings. In tertiary care settings the patients are referred from any primary care or secondary care services. On a more elaborative note, tertiary care can be defined as a
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4PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE specializedconsultativehealthcarewhichisusuallyprovidedaninpatientsetting involving advanced medical investigations and treatment (Bharath et al., 2015). The chosen tertiary care service for the study is Great Ormond street hospital for children which is a charitable organization funded by the NHS foundation trust. Great Ormond Street Hospital provides range of different specialist pediatric services to the local International and national patients. It is a highly popular and respected tertiary Hospital providing a very strange of third level specialist care concerning the pediatric department. This Hospital provides the different services to the children all across United Kingdom by the means of national commissioning group. There are certain critical and specialized pediatric services that only provided in them chosen Hospital in all of UK (Gosh.nhs.uk., 2018). Logo (Gosh.nhs.uk., 2018) Informal care: Informal care can be can be defined as the provision of long term compassionate care provided to the older and disabled people by their living relatives like spouse, children, relative or next of kin. Informal care continues to provide a very significant
5PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE input to the construct of social community care, increasingly enhancing the living conditions and quality of life of disabled and older people (Hiel et al., 2015). Informal care service for this assignment ishelpinghandscare in nursing at home that provides polity residential live in care services all across United Kingdom to the older and disabled population of England. This particular organization provides live and killed visiting care, dementia Care, Nursing care, overnight care, emergency care, personal care, elderly care, palliative care, and respite care (Helping Hands., 2018). Logo (Helping Hands., 2018)
6PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE M1: Primary service: Is different to: Secondary care such (Saint Thomas Hospital) because available services from primary care facilities such as a General physician in a local clinic will not have the expertise to understand the underlying pathophysiology and etiology of a particular at was health situation when compared to the available services provided by the specialists from secondary care facility (Guysandstthomas.nhs.uk., 2018).The primary service selected is privatized, and the entire cost will be on the patient where as the secondary service selected is public funded with additional sources by trust donations. However, the patient load is not as high in primary care services selected, hence the waiting time is lesser in primary care. Tertiary care service (Great Ormond Street hospital) for children because a General physician cannot provide the advanced infrastructure and specialist expertise knowledge that a pediatrician working in a highly advanced multispecialty specialist care referral Hospital can provide through the available services by a tertiary hospital.The primary service selected is privatized, and the entire cost will be on the patient where as the tertiary service selected is also run by NHS foundation trust; hence the costs will be minimal in comparison to primary care service selected. However, the patient load is extremely high in tertiary care services selected, hence the waiting time is lesser in primary care.
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7PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Informal care service (Helping hands) because an informal care services such as helping hands hasavailable services such as compassionate residential care to the older and disabled people only (provide assistance to activities of daily living and cannot be performed by a general physician), which do not align with the available services from Primary care services.The informal care services are completely privatized and expensive, hence the costing is higher here than the primary service selected. However, the patient load is not as high in tertiary care services selected, as it is a privatized service, the waiting time is higher in case of GP than in informal care. Secondary service: Is different to: Primary service (General physician) because it will provide comparatively higher advanced and specialist care based on the expertise knowledge of the specialist and the infrastructure provided by the hospital.The available services by a GP is just general consultation where as a secondary hospital can provide services like oncology, cardiovascular, pediatric, community care, dermatology, emergency care, maternal services sexual health and urology.The primary service selected is privatized, and the entire cost will be on the patient where as the secondary service selected is public funded with additional sources by trust donations. Hence unlike the GP, here the costs will be minimal for the patients. However, the patient load is not as high in primary care services selected; hence the waiting time is higher in secondary care.
8PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Tertiary service (Great Ormond Street Hospital) for children because it lacks the level of expertise and multispeciality infrastructure that treasury referral care services can provide such asabdominal adhesions, abilities and behaviour in Landau Kleffer syndrome, absent kidney, Achalasia, achondroplasia, ADEM, acute transverse meylitis, additinal little fingers, adrenoleukodystrophy, alternating hemiplegia(Gosh.nhs.uk., 2018).The secondary service selected is semiautonomous, and the cost will be little on the patient, where as the tertiary service selected is also run by NHS foundation trust but is also heavily funded by nongovernment charities; hence the costs here will be minimal in comparison to secondary care service selected. However, the patient load is extremely high in tertiary care services selected, hence the waiting time is lesser in secondary care. Informal care services (Helping Hands) because it provides residential personal care services to the only in disabled people in their home. Whereas, available services by secondary services includeoncology, cardiovascular, peadiatric, community care, dermatology, emergency care, maternal servces sexula health and urology.The informal care services are completely privatized and expensive, hence the costing is higher here than the secondary service selected. However, the patient load is not high informal care services selected, as it is a privatized service, the waiting time is higher in case of secondary care than in informal care.
9PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Tertiary service: This is different to: Primary care services (general physician) because in tertiary care advisory services are referred to by a General physician and it provides specialist and advanced care services in the environment of Healthcare facility for acute or chronic conditions. The primary service selected is privatized, and the entire cost will be on the patient where as the tertiary service selected is public funded with additional sources by trust donations. Hence unlike the GP, here the costs will be minimal for the patients. However, the patient load is not as high in primary care services selected; hence the waiting time is higher in tertiary care. Secondary service (Saint Thomas hospital) because it can provide higher quality advanced care and the secondary services from which the patients are referred to the tertiary services.The tertiary service selected is public funded, and so is the secondary service selected hence costs will be minimal in both cases. However, the patient load is not as high in tertiary care services selected; hence the waiting time is lesser in tertiary care in comparison with secondary care. Informal services (Helping hands) because tertiary service is a specialized acute or chronic condition care and it cannot provide home based residential services eating the older and disabled in activities of daily living (Helping Hands., 2018).The informal care services are completely privatized and expensive, hence the costing is higher here than the tertiary service selected. However, the patient load is not high in informal care
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10PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE services selected, as it is a privatized service, the waiting time is higher in case of tertiary care than in informal care. Informal care: This is different to: Primary services (General physician) because a General physician only visits the patient in a local clinic to assess the extent of the Healthcare adversity and provides preliminary care services to the patient in contrast to the patient centered compassionate care provided by informal services.The primary service selected is privatized, and the entire cost will be on the patient however for Helping is also hughly expensive as it provides personal care services, hence costs are higher in informal care. However, the informal care services have a wide staff workforce to attend to each client effectively, whereas a GP has to handle all patients on his own. Hence, primar care service has higher waiting time as compared to informal services. Secondary service (Saint Thomas Hospital) because it is home based compassionate and personal care service which is quite different from the entry level specialist care provided by the secondary services such asoncology, cardiovascular, peadiatric, community care, dermatology, emergency care, maternal servces sexula health and urology(Guysandstthomas.nhs.uk., 2018).The informal care services are completely privatized and expensive, hence the costing is higher here than the secondary service selected. However, the patient load is not high informal care services selected, as it is a privatized service, the waiting time is higher in case of secondary care than in informal care.
11PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Tertiary service (Great Ormond Street Hospital) for children because informal care is associated with helping the older patients and disabled patients with activities of daily living and personal health and wellbeing. Where as a tertiary service provider specialist care to acute and chronic conditions referred to by primary or secondary care services such asabdominal adhesions, abilities and behaviour in Landau Kleffer syndrome, absent kidney, Achalasia, achondroplasia, ADEM, acute transverse meylitis, additinal little fingers, adrenoleukodystrophy, alternating hemiplegia. The informal care services are completely privatized and expensive, hence the costing is higher here than the tertiary service selected. However, the patient load is not high in informal care services selected, as it is a privatized service, the waiting time is higher in case of tertiary care than in informal care.
12PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE References: About us. (2018).Guysandstthomas.nhs.uk. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/about-us/about-us.aspx Bharath, V., Eckert, K., Kang, M., Chin‐Yee, I. H., & Hsia, C. C. (2015). Incidence and natural history of intravenous immunoglobulin–induced aseptic meningitis: a retrospective review at a single tertiary care center.Transfusion,55(11), 2597- 2605. Haslam, P., Gowland, L., Wood, T., & Gatheral, T. (2016). Comparison of adherence to BTS quality standards for bronchiectasis between primary and secondary care in the UK. Hiel, L., Beenackers, M. A., Renders, C. M., Robroek, S. J., Burdorf, A., & Croezen, S. (2015). Providing personal informal care to older European adults: Should we care about the caregivers' health?.Preventive medicine,70, 64-68. Hunter, C. L., Goodie, J. L., Oordt, M. S., & Dobmeyer, A. C. (2017).Integrated behavioral health in primary care: Step-by-step guidance for assessment and intervention. American Psychological Association. Live-In & Visiting Home Care In Kensington & Chelsea | Helping Hands. (2018).Helping Hands Home Care. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.helpinghandshomecare.co.uk/our-locations McManners, D., Patel, M., Makker, H., Bhattacharyya, S., Pelly, M., & Hamami, N. et al. (2018).Private General Physicians in Greater London | Private Healthcare UK. Our role in the NHS. (2018).Gosh.nhs.uk. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/who-we-are/our-role-nhs
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13PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE Privatehealth.co.uk. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.privatehealth.co.uk/doctors-and-health-professionals/general- physician/greater-london/