1HEALTHCARE SYSTEM COMPARISON Healthcare system in the United States of America is completely based on the private sector and spends the highest amount of their budget in health sector than any other country (Squires & Anderson, 2015). As per the healthcare reports of the USA, health sector contributes with 16% in the country’s GDP (Karthikesalingam et al., 2014). However, to understand the positive and negative aspects of the healthcare system of the USA, its system, insurance facilities and their funding and policies should be properly compared and discussed. The healthcare system of the United Kingdom is the world’s biggest public healthcare system that uses the interim ethical framework so that decision making in the healthcare system could be determined (NHS commissioning, 2019). Further, it should be mentioned that majority of the healthcare related funding (98.8%) in NHS England comes from national insurance and generaltaxationwhereasonly1.2%ofthefundingcomesfrompatientcharges (kingsfund.org.uk, 2019). Compared to any other country in the world, healthcare in USA is funded by health insurances such as Medicaid, Medicare, private health insurances and private funding of healthcare users. However, universalization of UK healthcare system is more accurate and as per the healthcare policies provided by NHS England, universalization of personalize care will increase and help 2.5 million people worldwide, provided they are nationals of the United Kingdom (National Insurance Conference of Canada, 2019). Further the general ethical policies and principles are applied throughout the country so that standard operating procedure and the legal statutory duties help each of the service users could be provided with fair and accurate decision-making. Compared to the 64% of tax funded expenditure of USA healthcare system the three stakeholders of this care system are federal, state and local healthcare service users (NHS commissioning, 2019).
2HEALTHCARE SYSTEM COMPARISON Besidefundingandpolicies,healthinsuranceisoneoftheimportantaspectsof healthcare system in the United States of America.However, the Medicare health insurance is not free for everyone and it requires the service users to pay for several healthcare related aspects so that complete healthcare facilities could be used by the public users of USA (Squires & Anderson, 2015). Healthcare system of Canada and its insurance facilities are different from the healthcare system of USA and the insurance provides coverage to complete healthcare facilities such as medical prescription, drugs, care and others, besides these it negotiates with the pharmaceutical companies at a federal level so that the patients could be provided with cheaper and widely available medications for their healthcare (Coyte & McKeever, 2016). Besides that, the USA healthcare system and the insurance facility also provide coverage to several life threatening diseases and hence, the care process is limited in USA. However, the social safety net is the aspect using which people who are not covered with the healthcare insurance, could be provided with healthcare facilities and hence, provides healthcare service to people who are unable to buy private health insurances or register themselves under Medicare (Squires & Anderson, 2015). However, if the healthcare insurance system of Germany is taken into consideration, then it should be mentioned that there is a compulsory healthcare insurance available for the population of Germany and it covers certain pre-selected benefits that are added by the healthcare insurance companies so that people and their personal needs could be served (Busse & Blümel, 2014). The healthcare system is based on the solidary system and the monthly premium of the healthcare insurance is not determined by the age or gender of the population, but depends on the salary of the individual (Germany Health Insurance System, 2019). Further, the premium also paid by the employers and the calculation is determined by the pre-tax income of the person
3HEALTHCARE SYSTEM COMPARISON associated with it. The benefit of this healthcare insurance system is its universal application and usage in every health concern throughout the country and several other countries where the insurance of German healthcare insurance is valid (Karthikesalingam et al., 2014). However, on the other hand, the USA government and associated facilities are not compulsory and there is a major percentage of the people who are still not covered with any public or private healthcare insurance and hence, policy related to compulsion of health insurance should be made and highly implemented throughout the United States of America (Squires & Anderson, 2015). In conclusion, it could be said that the healthcare delivery system of United States of America is changing rapidly and the government is focusing on implementation of public fundingwithmaximizingprivatefundingfacilities.Thepoliciesandfundingprocessof healthcare system in USA, compared to UK,, Canada and Germany is still developing with some positive and negative aspects and requires complete coverage for the benefit of healthcare service users in USA.
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4HEALTHCARE SYSTEM COMPARISON References Busse, R., & Blümel, M. (2014). Germany. Health system review. Coyte, P. C., & McKeever, P. (2016). Home care in Canada: Passing the buck.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(2). GermanyHealthInsuranceSystem.(2019).CompulsoryHealthInsuranceinGermany- GermanyHealthInsuranceSystem.Retrievedfrom http://www.germanyhis.com/compulsory-health-insurance-germany/ Karthikesalingam, A., Holt, P. J., Vidal-Diez, A., Ozdemir, B. A., Poloniecki, J. D., Hinchliffe, R. J., & Thompson, M. M. (2014). Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: clinicallessonsfromacomparisonofoutcomesinEnglandandtheUSA.The Lancet,383(9921), 963-969. kingsfund.org.uk.(2019).HowtheNHSisfunded.Retrievedfrom https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/nhs-in-a-nutshell/how-nhs-funded National Insurance Conference of Canada. (2019). National Insurance Conference of Canada. Retrieved fromhttps://www.niccanada.com/Home.aspx NHScommissioning.(2019).NHScommissioning»Genericpolicies.Retrievedfrom https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/policies/gp/ Squires, D., & Anderson, C. (2015). US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries.The Commonwealth Fund,15(3), 1-16.