Comparison of Healthcare Systems in Australia, India and China

Running Head: HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Healthcare System
Name
Institution

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 2
Healthcare System
Introduction
The healthcare systems in the world have evolved and there are many reforms that have
been executed to ensure that the systems meet the changing health needs of its citizens. Many
governments around the world have put in place measures that ensure that health systems are
restructured to promote the safe, efficacy and quality of care to benefits its citizens. It is
important to embrace, as well as improve the (primary) healthcare systems in nations for
prospect patient profiles plus their related needs. All healthcare systems globally comprise
primary; nonetheless, the degree of expansion of primary care as component of healthcare
system differ considerably across nations (Nolte & McKee, 2011). The paper will compare the
healthcare systems of Australia, India and China to understand better these systems.
Description of Healthcare Systems in Australia, India and China
Australia Health System
The Australian healthcare system is generally acknowledged to have attained a successful
blend of best practice strategies towards the provision of cost-effective, equitable, as well as
high-quality care for all its citizens, which makes use of a judicious mix of public plus private
care. The Australian healthcare system is a two tier system that has been found effective in terms
of providing universal care to the citizens in the country. The Australian mode of healthcare
service provision is supreme for version by a centrally planned economy, like China’s with
willingness to adopt private segment participation with government-funded health services. The
Australia’s healthcare system allows 100 per cent citizens to access free healthcare inn public

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 3
health facilities for all diseases, which comprise the most expensive, financed by a specific
surcharge on income tax, as well as through the general tax system. In this fundamental universal
healthcare system, the physician plus timing of care are selected by the Medicare system based
on the health need along with the medical priority. The Australia’s health structure permits half
of the citizens to select to take out private health insurance that permits access to personal choice
physician, flexibility as to timing of processes, as well as comfortable private hospital
accommodation (Baugh, Baum, Lawless & Freeman, 2019).
China Healthcare System
In China, the central government has a major role to play in the management and
coordination of the healthcare system. Thus, the current healthcare system in China has bee due
to the series of healthcare reforms and local experiments undertaken during the 1990s. The
fundamental structure of the Chine healthcare system follows a separation of the populace into
two primary groups: urban residents, which correspond to 45.7 per cent and rural residents that
correspond to 54.3 per cent of the total populace in China. Chinese government has the general
role for national health law, policy, as well as management of the healthcare system. The central
government is governed by the philosophy that each citizen in the country is legible to get basic
healthcare services, with local governments accountable for offering these services, with
differences for local situations (Chen, 2014).
India Healthcare System
The primary health care has been the foundation of the healthcare system in India. The
Bhore Committee Report of 1946 has been a primary benchmark report for the transformation of

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 4
the India’s healthcare system. The report has been instrumental to the country’s current
healthcare policy along with the systems that has promoted its evolution. The proposal for three-
tiered healthcare system to offer preventive plus medicinal healthcare in rural, as well as urban
regions putting health personnel on state payrolls plus reducing the call for for private health
experts emerged to be the standards where the present public healthcare networks were
established in India. Similar to China, India’s central government has a leading role in the
management of the healthcare system to guarantee people’s right to access care and prioritize
public healthcare service (Gudwani, Mitra, Puri & Vaidya, 2012). The country has a three-tier
health system designed to provide care to all rural population in India. At then lowest level, the
primary health centres (PHCs) has been developed to offer basic health care, health education, as
well as health promotion to the citizens. The next tier in the system is sub-centres (SCs) that have
been designed to offer public health services. The last tier is the community centres and district
healthcare facilities that provide specialist services to the population. Based on the provisions of
the constitution, healthcare delivery in India is hugely the accountability of the regional states.
Thus, the central government has the role of defining policies, as well as offering a national
strategic framework, funds, as well as medical education towards the success of the healthcare
system. Because of the India’s federal government, the regions of governance along with
operations of healthcare system in the country have been divided between the union, as well as
the state administrations. Thus, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has a role of
implementation of different programs at the nationwide level in fields of health plus family
wellbeing, prevention along with control of primary communicable illnesses, as well as