Heart Failure

HEART FAILURE

Normal Physiology
 Cardiac contractility, myocardial
oxygen and ventricular performance
requirements are determined by
preload, afterload, substrate
availability, heart rate and viable
myocardium.
 Cardiac is the product of heart rate
and stroke volume (Dittmer, 2012).
 Preload is the heart's loading
condition at the end of it is filling and
relaxation phase.
 Afterload is considered to be the force
resisting the myocardial fibre
contraction at the beginning of systole.
 The cardiac reserve is the heart ability
for increasing its performance above
the level of resting in response to
physical and emotional stress.

Pathophysiology of Heart failure
RISK FACTORS
 High blood pressure
 Coronary artery disease
 Heart attack
 Diabetes
 Sleep apnea (Sosin, 2010).
 Congenital heart defects
 Valvular heart disease
 Viruses
 Alcohol use
 Tobacco use
 Obesity
 Irregular heartbeats

Pathophysiology of heart failure
Causes
 Coronary heart disease is considered to be the most common cause of
heart failure.
 Coronary heart disease narrows the supply of oxygen and blood to the
heart.
 Cardiomyopathy is the heart muscle disorder that weakens the function of
the heart (Braunwald, 2013).
 Congenital heart defect
 Heart valve disease
 High blood pressure
 Heart attack and diabetes
 HIV
 Anaemia
 Cancer treatment like chemotherapy
 Diabetes
 Alcohol or drug misuse