Cultural Heritage and Tourism Management

This assignment examines the crucial intersection of cultural heritage management and tourism development, particularly focusing on communities in Africa. It delves into topics such as sustainable integration of heritage and tourism, visitor perspectives, and the role of community participation in preserving and promoting cultural sites. The analysis is based on a provided list of scholarly articles and online resources.

Heritage and cultural tourism
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysation of development and growth in heritage industry..........................................1
1.2 Problems faced in preservation of heritage resources......................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 use of cultural and heritage attraction..............................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Effect of various ownership on heritage management.....................................................5
3.2 Roles played by organisations in the heritage industry....................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Interpretation of the cultural and heritage industry by using methods.............................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
In the global economy tourism is growing at a fast pace and in this heritage plays an
important role. In this sector there are various as aspects that are required to be management in
the most effective manner so that development can further be enhanced (Araoz, 2011). There are
various purposes of travellers in this which are to be achieved and they includes fun, recreation
or for educational purpose. By this experience is gained in relation to the historical sites. In this
report the various things in relation to heritage and cultural management will be discussed in
relation to different industries which are established in UK. In order to achieve the growth and
development there will be requirement to develop an understanding about relationship that is
maintained in the industry. The struggles that will be made in the preservation of heritage
resources together with the roles and responsibilities of various organisation in this relation will
be provided in this report. There are various methods that will be used for the purpose of
interpretation and they will be explained here under.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysation of development and growth in heritage industry.
In a period of time there are various advancements that take place in the travel and
tourism. With the help of the innovations that are made there has been noticed certain
enhancements in the economy and they will be very important to be committed (Ashworth and
Larkham, 2013). The whole history in relation to it has been divided into three groups and they
are as under.
Timeline is the representation of the various activities that have occurred in the given
period of time in the graphical manner.
Before 1945: Till the sixteenth century there was movement involved from the rural to
local area and due to this reason there was least tourism which was observed during this period
of time. After that in the 18th century there was no time with the people left for the leisure
activities and because of it the travelling sector experienced further downfall. In this sector all
the activities which are undertaken are not related to one another sucg as travelling agencies,
transport and hotels. ans due to this there exist inconsistency.
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1945 – 1979: in order to achieve better results the various groups started to make the
connections among themselves and by that there was some development which was observed in
this time.
1980 to current: In this period many big companies were involved who were working in
this department and due to this maximum development was observed at this time.
In the economy there is a great role that is played by tourism as with the help of it there is
an increase in the GDP and that is not avoidable (Chen and Chen, 2010). In the initial stages
there was less development as nobody was knowing its importance but in current period it is
growing at fast pace due to the various technological advancements and by that more number of
customers are attracted.
There are various such locations which provide the soothing and calm natural views and
are very known for this and they include Royal botanical gardens, Margaret's church and many
more. The various classes in which the growth has been observed are as follows:
 Attraction: There are many such places which are famous for their architectural facts
and due to this they attract maximum visitors as there are many natural views and also the
places are convenient to be reached as there are good transport facilities. In them there
are various stories in relation to their past and because of them the visitors are attracted.
 Natural: In this the places which will provide the calm view will be covered such as
parks and gardens which will have a big impact on the thought process of the tourists and
they will be reluctant to come to the place again. While making the decision in relation to
the place that will be visited by them tourist consider various factors such as greenery,
basic needs and environment.
 Heritage: In any place there are certain marks due to which it is known and for that
society will have to be shaped and in this type of food and attire in relation to the clothes
that will be worn by different persons will be kept into consideration. Also the language
that is spoken by them and celebrations of the festivals will also be noticed.
1.2 Problems faced in preservation of heritage resources.
Problems in preservation of the ethnic and heritage resources
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Date- 28/07/2017
In order to balance the tourism and culture there are various challenges which are faced
by the countries and are required to be maintain the heritage. The threat to the increase in the
population are growing with the high speed and there are various reasons which are associated
with it and the same are described below:
Heritage and culture presentation to the visitors: in the process of tourism there is the need of
the guide which is increasing with the increase in the traveling demands. With this the persons
who have the knowledge regarding these places are gaining advantage (Chirikure and et.al.,
2010). But if the truth is to be believed in this process there are various such guides who are not
correct and are not having any knowledge and skills in relation to the places to which they are
taking the tourists. As by this the culture of the whole nation is represented so this proves to be
a challenge for the country that the standard in respect of them shall be maintained.
Visitors impact on the sites: Many a times it can be observed that the persons who are visiting
the places are not concerned about the important of the place and destroy the beauty of it by
writing various things on the walls and other places. The such attitude is the result of the lack of
the knowledge and education.
Planning: in order to select the best locations the risk that is involved in the past projects will
have to be considered and that is the major conflict faced in this sector. There will be wastage
in relation to the land area and the planning which will be borne if there is failure which will be
faced in this.
New technologies: As there are various technologies which are developing and are required to
be incorporated in the business so it proves to be difficult for them to provide proper training
facility to the employees in relation to it. In order to improve the culture there will be
requirement of the policies which will have to be formulated but this will not be possible if
there will be lack of practical application of those techniques.
Unawareness: The people who will be visiting the places will want that the hygiene and
cleanliness shall be maintained so that the surroundings of the place will be maintained at good
level. Tourist are not concerned about all this as there is no awareness among them in relation
to it. Also they make the place dirty by throwing the waste at those places and also writing at
those places which will harm the sites.
TASK 2
2.1 use of cultural and heritage attraction.
In the tourism sector it is required that continuous improvement shall be made and this
will be achieved by maintaining the customers attraction so that they will be retained and their
will be no loss in relation to the importance of it (Labadi and Long, 2010). There are various
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purposes and objectives for which people travel and all will be having different expectations that
they want to be satisfied in relation to the common place. All the sites have different attractions
and due to this purposes also differ and some of the reasons are mentioned here under:
Research: This is one of the purpose for which the travelling is done as the person who are
visiting various places have different objectives with which they move and in this research is one
of the important purpose. In the past there have been various experiments and researches which
were conducted and while visiting the places the visitors come across them and they make use of
them. All the finding will be used by them in the process of completion of the project as with the
help of them there will be development of the new technologies in order to conduct the same
activities. The main persons involved in this are those who are willing to do some innovation
which will be possible with the use of it.
Education: In the whole world there are various cultures which are followed and it is required
that people should have knowledge in relation to them. For this they visit different places so tat
they can collect information about those sites. By this there will be development in both the
aspects which are personal as well as professional as there are many changes which are taking
place in this sector (Loulanski and Loulanski, 2011). Now a days it is required that students shall
be provided with the practical knowledge and for that institutions are arranging trips for their
students as by this they will be able to memorise the thing for longer duration of time. An
example of this will be the drama and skit that are organised by Albert museum by which the
actual image in relation to the selected place will be developed.
Entertainment: With the help of this people will get the chance to move to the various cities as
in the ongoing situation people do not have time for themselves in which they can carry on the
activities by which they can relax. By this they will get to spend some good time with their
family and so focus is given on developing those places which can be used in this respect.
Recreation: Due to the shortage of time there is less scope in relation to recreation and this is
happening more in the current situation in comparison to what was happening earlier. So in order
to get the more recreation in the less period of time there are persons who are willing to spend
more and more money (Zhang and et. al., 2011). Heritage and cultural sites are considered to be
the good option in the present situation.
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The success in the travel sector is mainly based on the preferences and views of the
customers and in this the segmentation of the customers is also considered. In this target group
will be chosen and then the selection will be made in respect of them.
TASK 3
3.1 Effect of various ownership on heritage management.
In the industry there are various types of the organisations which are included in the
management of the cultural and the heritage sites and this because of the collaborations which
take place in the local society in which the work is being carried out (Nicholas and Thapa, 2010).
The roles and duties which are required to be performed are different in respect of all the
organisations. In the present scenario this travel business is considered as the most important one
and this is due to the reason that with the help of this there are increase in the revenue which will
be achieved. Various private and public organisation are introduced with the use of distinction in
the location. By the help of the NGO's and government there will be assistance which will be
provided to the heritage and cultural locations but some of the other factors in relation to the
valuable assets are also present by which private sectors will also be initiated in this sector. The
major impact that will have to be dealt with is discussed below:
1. Political: The main initiative has been taken in the controlling and administration that is
maintained in relation to the government. In order to maintain the heritage and cultural
sites there are many steps which are taken and they include arrangement that is done in
respect of the projects which are to be done and also the other countries are contacted so
that expertise which is available with them can be used. In order to provide higher level
of assess to the people and proving grater learning scope to the visitors and that too in the
least amount of possible cost the main role will be played by the public control which
will be established. In the particular sector involved in the tourism the main impact will
be faced because of the different strategies and policies which are formulated by the
various political parties and the government (Yeoman and et.al., 2012). It will be needed
that all the agencies which are working in this aspect should have the proper knowledge
and understanding in relation to all the rules and regulations which are specified as then
only they will be able to deal with them in the proper manner by complying with them on
the timely basis.
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2. Collaboration: In the operations which are carried out and the development of the
heritage locations there will be the requirement of the collaboration and coordination to
be done in respect of both the public and private corporations. The rehabilitation projects
will be conducted at the different level and this will be done with the help of this. There
is the scope for the private organisation to make the more profits as there are certain such
policies which can only be used by the public sector and if private firms will collaborate
with the public ones then they will also get the access to use them and this will prove to
be beneficial for them.
3. Institutional: In the enhancement of the tourism there is the main role which is played
by the private institutions and this is due to the reason that there are various such
locations in the heritage and culture which are in the control of them (Poria, Reichel and
Cohen, 2013). The same situation if developed then there examples will be known as
Kosovo by which various projects in respect of the institution will be established and this
will be done with the help of the maintenance in the cultural sites. The support for the
national authorities will also be achieved by this. In the areas where there is more scope
for the tourism there will be development that will be carried out in relation to the private
institutions.
There are some of the economic factors which will be affecting in the negative manner
and that will include competition. In that case the private sectors will be the one which will be
affected by the competition in case the government institution will fail to achieve the profits and
this because no scope will be provided to the private sector in respect of advantage of the
competition. The revenue will be generated by the private organisation as they will be using the
technology that will be developed and by that the processes performed by them have been
improved.
3.2 Roles played by organisations in the heritage industry.
In UK there are various types of public organisations which are involved and some of
them are government departments, voluntary groups, non government departments and expert
conservation sets. the main non government organisation which have to perform various
responsibilities is commission of historic and England building and the main task of them is the
preservation and maintenance in regard to the archaeological and historical places. In order to
reduce the impact of the various factors on the tourism this enterprise will be performing various
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activities by which the care will be taken of the major sites in the UK and by them maintenance
will be established (Raj and Griffin, 2015). The development of these sites is given the main
focus and by this the visitors will be attracted so that they will be contributing to the economy by
increasing investment in this sector.
The national trust is the another such trust that will be responsible for the maintenance
and also with the help of this the beauty of the historic buildings, arts, pictures and furnitures will
be preserved and protected (Richards, 2011). In addition to this animals and plants that are
present will also be protected by it and this because they are the main reason due to which the
visitors are attracted. The roles and duties of the organisation in relation to the work that is
performed is different. An example of this can be the amount of expenditure that is incurred in
respect of maintenance which higher in case of the government organisation in comparison to the
private companies and so they will be required to carry out their operations in the more effective
and efficient manner. There are various rules and regulations which have been formulated in this
respect so it will be required that they should be complied with in the most appropriate manner.
By this all the work will be performed as per the set standards and that will be beneficial. It is
also to be noted that proper modifications and changes shall be incorporated in the techniques
which are formulated in respect of revenue generation. Also such policies will be generated by
which the attractive sites will be introduced. Revolutionary success will be achieved with the
help of all the changes that will be made in this sector.
In addition to this there are various other organisation also which are established so that
they can work for the preservation and improvement of the monuments which are situated in
United Kingdom. Apart from this they will also be responsible for the development of the
various sites by which growth will be achieved. The tourist who come for the tourism purpose
are basically from the other countries and are foreign linguistic dialects. In order to make the
travel better it will be required that help of the experts shall be taken so that various other
facilities shall be introduced by which they will be attracted (Yang, Lin and Han, 2010). Some of
the facilities that can be provided are in relation to the provision of the escorts and guides who
will be having the knowledge about all the places and will also be knowing the different
languages so that they will be able to provide the visitors with the proper information by which
they will fell good. Also by them they will be attaining the understanding about the past in
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relation to the place which are being visited by them for the attainment of the objectives for
which they are travelling.
TASK 4
4.1 Interpretation of the cultural and heritage industry by using methods.
For the purpose of attracting more number of visitors there are various methods and
media which can be used and will be helping legislature to come to different places. There are
various decisions which are required to be made and for that knowledge will be required which
will have to be provided in relation to the various places which they are considering to be visited.
When people visit the places, the authority of that place take their feedbacks and then those are
used in order to make the interpretations which will be a source of information that will be
provided to the customers (Timothy, 2017). With the help of the responses that shortcomings
will be identified and then they will be used so that corrective measures can be taken by which
performance will be improved and growth will be achieved. In place of theoretical knowledge,
practical will be more beneficial as by that the chances that any information may be left will be
reduced and all the data will be covered. For the purpose of introducing the visitors with the
actual facts, escorts take them to the locations and then provide them with the required
knowledge. A check system is established at the famous sites by the authorities by which the
response and the reaction of the visitors in relation to that place will be observed and recorded.
In case of the museum of British, the appraisal was achieved after the internet facility was
started by it in which the information was provided to the general public in relation to the
specific site. Interpretations are obtained in the audio as well as video form from the various
clients. In the new method of internet more benefit will be achieved as by this the information in
relation to the improvements will be provided to more number of visitors as in the global
economy internet is used by most of the consumers. In the museum there are are various sources
by which information will be provided to the visitors (Waterton and Smith, 2010). In this one is
the information provided by the attendants and then in addition to this they will also be provided
with the written matter in which the additional information about various objects and aspects of
that place are provided. With the help of the data that is given to the tourists they will be gaining
all the information in relation to the history of that place and that will be beneficial for them as
their objectives of the travel will be fulfilled.
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As the visitors are from different places so it will be required that something shall be
done in respect of it. For this there are various multimedia guides which are provided to them in
which the information will be made available to them in different languages so by this all will be
able to understand the data that is provided to them. In relation to the various specimens which
are present, there are various labels which are specified on them in the clear manner (Wang and
Bramwell, 2012). This will make the work easier for them as by this they will understand the
data just by looking at it for once.
All of them are the methods that will be used by the organisations in order to provide the
visitors with the required information and by that tourism will be improved and there will be
overall development that will be achieved in this sector which will be beneficial for the whole
economy.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it can be concluded that for the development of the
culture of any country, heritage and culture is the main aspect. In this there are various persons
who visit the different places in the world and there are various motives for which that is
undertaken by them. The main thing that is to be noticed in this is that development shall be
carried out in relation to the sites which will be visited by the tourist. By the development of this
economy will be enhanced. For this it is necessary that the image of the sites shall be maintained
in the view of the visitors. It will also be kept in notice that all the relevant information shall be
provided to all the tourist by which they will be developing proper understanding. This is all that
has been provided in this report about the management of heritage and culture.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Araoz, G.F., 2011. Preserving heritage places under a new paradigm. Journal of cultural heritage
management and sustainable development. 1(1). pp.55-60.
Ashworth, G. and Larkham, P. eds., 2013. Building a new heritage (RLE Tourism). Routledge.
Chen, C.F. and Chen, F.S., 2010. Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and
behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism management. 31(1). pp.29-35.
Chirikure, S., and et.al., 2010. Unfulfilled promises? Heritage management and community
participation at some of Africa's cultural heritage sites. International Journal of Heritage
Studies. 16(1-2). pp.30-44.
Labadi, S. and Long, C. eds., 2010. Heritage and globalisation. Routledge.
Loulanski, T. and Loulanski, V., 2011. The sustainable integration of cultural heritage and
tourism: a meta-study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(7). pp.837-862.
Nicholas, L. and Thapa, B., 2010. Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the
pitons management area world heritage site, St. Lucia. Environment, Development and
Sustainability. 12(5). pp.839-857.
Poria, Y., Reichel, A. and Cohen, R., 2013. Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its
designation. Tourism Management. 35. pp.272-274
Raj, R. and Griffin, K.A. eds., 2015. Religious tourism and pilgrimage management: An
international perspective. Cabi.
Richards, G., 2011. Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity? Tourism &
Management Studies. (6). pp.9-15.
Timothy, D. J. ed., 2017. Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources: Critical essays,
Volume one. Routledge.
Wang, Y. and Bramwell, B., 2012. Heritage protection and tourism development priorities in
Hangzhou, China: A political economy and governance perspective. Tourism
Management. 33(4). pp.988-998.
Waterton, E. and Smith, L., 2010. The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage.
International Journal of Heritage Studies. 16(1-2). pp.4-15.
Yang, C. H., Lin, H. L. and Han, C. C., 2010. Analysis of international tourist arrivals in China:
The role of World Heritage Sites. Tourism management. 31(6). pp.827-837.
Yeoman, I., and et.al., 2012. Festival and events management. Routledge.
Zhang, H., and et. al., 2011. The evaluation of tourism destination competitiveness by TOPSIS
& information entropy–A case in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Tourism
Management. 32(2). pp.443-451.
Online
The British Museum. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.britishmuseum.org/>.
[Accessed on 28th July 2017].
McManus D., 2017. V&A Gallery London. [Online]. Available through:<https://www.e-
architect.co.uk/london/v-a-gallery-london>. [Accessed on 28st July 2017].
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