Growth and Development of Cultural and Heritage Industry

This report discusses the growth and development of the cultural and heritage industry, potential conflicts for Tibet, the purpose of heritage and culture attraction, and the impact of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural sites.

Heritage
and
Cultural Tourism
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Growth and development of cultural and heritage industry..................................................1
1.2 Potential conflicts for Tibet...................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Purpose of Heritage and Culture attraction...........................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership on management of Heritage and Cultural sites.......5
Impact of Different types of ownership for British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum5
3.2 Roles and Responsibility of organization in heritage and cultural industry.........................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Methods and Media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry.............10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is a growing sectors which plays an important role for the growth of an
economy. It depends on the preferences of customers such as people visit the places for various
purpose like for fun, experience, learning etc. Nowadays, people give their high interest to visit
heritage and cultural events so that they can learn something new in their life. In accordance to
this, people travel one place from another. Present report will describe the growth and
development of heritage and cultural industry (Graham Ashworth and Tunbridge 2016). It also
explains the potential conflicts which is related to the conservation of heritage resources.
Furthermore, it also state the role, responsibilities and ownership which make great impact on
heritage industry. By evaluating the duties and methods for making authentic interpretation
related to the cultural industry will be present in the report. It also explains the role of public
partnership, charitable trust, private partnership so that they make effective control for the
development of heritage and cultural activity.
TASK 1
1.1 Growth and development of cultural and heritage industry
Covered in poster
1.2 Potential conflicts for Tibet
Tibet is the one of the beautiful place in the world. It is full of diversified culture and
heritage which attract the visitors in large number. Dalai Lama is one of most attractive sites in
Tibet, which considered as most person in the world. It also has various kinds of culture and food
or beverage such as Tea which is prepared by the citizen in different manner. It is a place which
has large varieties of monuments, dynasty which is to be preserved so that it make great
influence in travellers (Opel and et.al., 2013.). Thus, Tibet is a place which provide different
kinds of facility to their customers. In order to this, government and legal bodies make their
efforts to manage the beauty as develop tourism industry. Minister also frame various kinds of
policies which help top conserve the past history for the new generations. Chinese government
also made several changes and apply process which are as follows:
Planning and land use: There are various kinds of policies are framed by the Chinese
government to make repair in their conservation activity. It is essential for developing an
appropriate plan because it is helpful to resolve the conflicts in interest which are arise. If plan
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was not followed as per the effective manner than it make negative impact to make changes in
heritage industry. For example: Lhasa government show their interest to develop the monuments
and buildings. They only use the land for making renovation inn the structure so that it will
create conflicts in the situation (Opel and et.al., 2015). In Tibet, all the commercial land uses as a
commercial purpose so that it also create problems for heritage industry.
Access to new technology: To make development in heritage industry, Chinese
government make heavy expenses in the technologies. It increases the level of cost of the
government so that it create problems fort the legal authorities which fail to generate revenue
from them (Timothy, 2014). The new modification on the part of technology may add as value to
the technology.
Access versus Erosion: When any tourist activity is performed in any place, tourist may
look the place which are easy to access. It can be possible if there will be proper transportation
facility being provided top the visitors. To make easy access to transport help the visitor to visit
the place in a less time with comfort. In order to this, government make their efforts to provide
transportation facility to their visitors so they will be able ton track the mountain easily. Legal
authority also provide rest areas to the travellers during their travelling (Barile and Saviano,
2014). In Lhasa, Government plans to develop their transportation facilities in the place. But due
to erosion in environment, their condition will be highly affected. In this way, this situation
create conflicts for the authorities.
Impact of visitors on tourist places and environment: The Tibet is one of the best
place to visit. The government of china has taken various initiative to provide basic amenities to
the people who wishes to see the beauty of this place. The proper living facilities also provides to
the visitors who reach their destination mark. Usually this kind of arrangement attracts the
tourists (Barthel-Bouchier, 2012). By providing good facilities, The china government works as
increasing the rate of travelling activity. Any kind of dissatisfaction leads to shift visitors
attraction to other place which can harm the economy of china. Tourist come to new place to
visit to enjoy their moments of leisure. In this time they usually think about lavish arrangement
which mainly includes the accommodation and transport facility. So this all arrangement are
required to be done in specific manner. This also act as main part with the view of retaining the
beauty of place in the eyes of visitor.
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Capital cost and generation of profit revenue: The china government also look over on
the budgeting issue. Any improvement required to done if needed. They should arrange all the
capital in such manner that they don't have to face losses which can affect the economy of Tibet.
Every place need to earn the profitability so that productivity can also add in a manner.
Generating good revenue can helps during the conflict situation so government should take
active steps regarding this matter. They maintain the price of services in such aspects which can
create profit maximisation and also tourist can afford such facility (Bloch, 2015). So in this
regard no losses will be suffered by The china government. The proper economy balance leads to
the good working of the place.
Presentation of heritage and culture to visitors: All the place of heritage should be
maintain in such manner which can define the beauty of culture to visitors. The proper
cleanliness and hygiene should be hold over. The premises of any monument of monasteries is
not to violated with the terms of any kind of discharge. Time to time development needs to be
taken so that beauty of places can maintain. Appropriate changes always attract the visitors. If
some modification at places add as super value to the place than government should take active
steps regarding the small changes. It helps as increasing the attraction of tourist with such
purpose they tend to visit place in repetitively manner. Lack of attention to such tourist places
may arise if government of chine do not take any innovation project. So the activity should take
place in timely manner (Harrison, 2013). The natural beauty of attraction brings addition to the
presentation of heritage and culture to visitor. Timely innovation required to be done. The tourist
guide should have up to date information about the place which can create conflict situation for
the consumer.
Brown filed sites versus Green Filed sites: Recently, The china government is taking
various initiatives to construct a new hotel for the visitors which will have the facility of proper
accommodation so large number of people can stay there. In this cottage facility will be provided
for the people who are travelling to Tibet. But this can violet the natural beauty of Tibet as it is
situated on the hilly area which is inclusive of beautiful river, greenery view and other natural
elements. If any kind of construction taken place then it can turn green fields to the brown one.
This is the major issue which can violate the importance of culture heritage (Zhao and Timothy,
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2015). Natural landscaping is the beautiful part of cultural heritage which attracts the large
number of visitors. Any kind of harm to natural proper may add in the legal offence. Due to harm
at biodiversity the natural beauty of place can get affected.
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of Heritage and Culture attraction
Lhasa is famous for their different cultural and tourist places. Chinese government has
developed several buildings or view points which highly attract the visitors. As per the visitor's
point of view, they were highly influenced with museum. Hence, museum plays an important
role which contain painting, pots and many art to attract the visitors. In regards to this, British
Museum is one of the best eye catching place in Lhasa. As per the research, it has been find that
museum is the place which are highly visited by the travellers. Main purpose to visit the British
Museum as well as Victoria and Albert museum is to get learn something new. People come and
visit to acquire knowledge, fun, entertainment or making research. It include the complete
background of history, galleries which is full of art. For acquiring knowledge many educational
institution organize touring programs for the students. Many researchers come to make research
about the history and its development (Tengberg and et.al., 2012). It is helpful for the researcher
to make innovative ideas and developing concept as per their visiting.
Victoria and Albert Museum present the beauty of diversified culture, beliefs and
assumptions which is totally based on experiences. It also attracts the visitors which make
positive impact in the growth of UK's economy. To promoting museum and its importance,
government spend heavy amount of investment so that it will be a eye catching point to the
visitors. Victoria and Albert Museum is another place which is full of art, knowledge and
research. It is beneficial for the lower income group to visit the place without spending high
amount. In order to this, it is a place which provide development of urban areas (Whelan, 2016).
A research work is being conducted by the department for entertainment and educational
purposes so that recreational activity will be carried out. Some activities are:-
Research Work can be conducted- British Museum is place which provide research
facility which is related to the need of researcher. Investigation has been done by a person to get
information of the particular topic and present the details in front of people which are not touch
by the other. This kind of facility are given by the British Museum to the people to explore the
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world by using attractive ways. Hence, to make investigate is the important part of heritage and
cultural visiting frequently.
Entertainment purpose: British museum also provide entertainment and fun to the
visitors. It is belongs to diversified culture and art so that it will create curiosity in the mind of
visitors (Barile and Saviano, 2014). In addition to this, there are some families who love to visit
the museum for their entertainment purpose. On the other hand, Victoria and Albert Museum is
place which shows the culture, customs, values and traditions of past century. It present itself as
a attractive place so that most of families plan to visit the museum.
Museum visited by the media: When cultural and heritage industry promote itself
through media and social networking sites, it will create great command in the market. It also
inspire the people to visit again and again. It include television, newspaper, press or networking
sites, which contain all the facts and information related to past incident or ancient culture. In
regards to this, Royal Academy plays an important role to promote the professionalism among
people so that they can give their kind interest to make effective designers an artists all over the
world. This institution is helpful to motivate the artists so that they can improve their skills and
knowledge. It also encourage the person so that they can improve their level of performance.
British museum is established because many people visit the museum and make research
(Barthel-Bouchier, 2012). It order to this, they create new ideas so that they will be able to
generate some new facts which is related to the heritage and cultural industry.
TASK 3
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership on management of Heritage and Cultural sites
Impact of Different types of ownership for British Museum and Victoria and
Albert Museum
Ownership denotes the possession or any kind of right over the property. To manage the
heritage and cultural activity is an important activity. In respect to this, if any kinds of activity
is performed, manager try to make effective balance with the previous structure. It is essential
to make proper structure because well designed shape attract the customers in a large scale. In
order to this, there are two type of structure which is adopted by the social sites such as public
private partnership and public partnership. Both of the ownership are establishes so that it can
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develop better and appropriate maintenance or protection of historical sites or monuments
(Smith and Richards, 2013).
As per the public private partnership, work can be be divided into following parts, these are:
 Woodland Trust, which is the part of public private partnership.
 English Heritage, is covered in public partnership category.
 Nature England is considers as public partnership section.
All these different ownership is adopted by the various kind of organisation so that as
per their need manager can make effective management in their activity. Dividing the work as
per the ownership help to allocate the responsibilities of each members equally.
Public Private Partnership
It is those kind of partnership which are
governed by the government. It can be said that
legal authority make full control in their
heritage activity. To preserved the heritage
sites it organize the various kinds of
educational programmes and give training to
the citizens. In addition to this, stakeholder
also support in growth of the destination so
that they have complete knowledge. PPP plays
important role by which they will work for
conservation the sites so that it will increase
the touristy activity. This organisation make
complete focus on the problems which are
arrived from the heritage sector. Organisation
face all the problems and try to resolve the
issues (Harrison, 2013).
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Public Ownership
It is a department which are governed by the
legal authority to protect the natural resources
and culture in UK. For example: England
Heritage is the example who work as a public
organisation and make their complete effort to
reduce the damages of natural resources. This
kind of organisation is establishes so that it
provide positive support in income, job
creation and increase foreign investment so
that it will automatically improve the country's
economic system (Whelan, 2016).
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Mix Ownership
It is a mixture of private and government
ownership which operate their work to
maintain the balance between government
bodies and private firm. It help to protect the
interest the people by using various kinds of
techniques in private ownership. It is legal rule
in which there are some places where
government has decide to charge minimum
amount from visitors. This kind of ownership
help to enhance the value of culture by making
diversification in the country.
Private ownership
It include all those organisation which have
less control of government in their managerial
function. The main purpose of this organisation
is to generate income. In order to this, they
provide education facility and guidance so that
people can communicate easily with foreign
customers (Page, 2014.).
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Charitable trust ownership
They are voluntary organisation which include
charity and trust who make effective support
for the development of heritage and cultural
industry. This kind of bodies are same as
public organisation who work for providing
services and generate income. For example:
Churches Conservation Trust, Architectural
Heritage fund are the part of charitable trust
ownership (Barthel-Bouchier, 2012).
3.2 Roles and Responsibility of organization in heritage and cultural industry
Present time heritage and cultural industry plays an important for the growth of country.
It is considered as golden assets which attract the customers in a large number. It can be said that
by attracting the visitors in a high scale help to increase the growth and profitability of this sector
There are many organisation which play great role and responsibilities for the development of
heritage and cultural industry, they are:
Government department (Authorised Cultural Department): This department plays
an important role for making promotion of heritage and culture industry. In regards to this
manager make various kinds of specific activities which helps to manage and protect the culture
of tourism. In order to this, manager need to allocate funds in each department so that they can
work more effectively. Foreign department also plays an important role by which department
take the license so that they will conduct their activity in a global level (Graham, Ashworth and
Tunbridge, 2016). Manager also protect the beauty of heritage and cultural sites so that it will
attract the customers to visit the UK. They also maker proper management in different
departments so that all the activity-based are performed as per the plan.
Voluntary Bodies (Woodland Trust): Woodland trust is known as charitable trust
which establish to make effective development of tourism sector. In this, public private
partnership take a responsibilities to provide training and development for each sectors. They
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also try to raise the funds which is useful to the heritage and cultural development. To make
improvement, they adopt new innovative techniques in place of old method or strategies so that
resources can be allocated efficiently (Mortara and et.al., 2014). It can be said that all the
management function is to be done, if appropriate donation and charity will be revive by the
company.
Government Agencies (UNESCO): It plays an important role for the development of
heritage and cultural industry in UK. It support the sustainable development of tourism sector.
To provide sustainability it provide guidance to their associated departments so that proper
legislation is to be framed. These agencies also work for increasing the shareholder's
participation in the tourism activities so that all the activities will be improved. They also make
efforts to empower the local communities. It can be said that UNESCO make great impact for
the country's growth and earning capacity.
TASK 4
4.1 Methods and Media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry
By the use of interpretation, authorities can collect all the important information which is
important for the travel sector. It help to increase in tourists activity and help to get all the facts
which is related to the historical stories. With the use of media authorities, it can published all
the materials related to the British Museum and Victoria, Albert museum. It also help to make
effective interaction with audience so that they were highly attracted with the place. On the other
hand, non- personal such as audio- visual presentation, drama, role plays etc. are the techniques,
which are used to deliver the information from one place to another. In addition to this, both of
the two methods are essential for making interpretation of heritage and cultural industry (Opel
and et.al., 2013). It consider to be successful, if both of the methods will use appropriately
without having any kind of language barriers.
Tourist highly attracted with British museum as well as Victoria and Albert museum,
because both are related with same field, value and culture (Whelan, 2016). In respect to this,
appropriate level of management can be followed to make effective coordination between the
departments. There are various kinds of media method which help to make proper
communication with the visitors. These are:
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Personal Media: It include different kinds of manual methods such as hiring a personal
guide which provide all the information related to place to the visitors. In can be said that guide
plays an great role because he has all the sufficient information which are enough for the visitors
who visit the place.
Non-Personal Media- It include all the methods which are delivered to the people in the
form of notice board, audio- visual etc. which provide all the information related to the heritage
industry. It is known as most important way of interpreting the cultural knowledge. By using
this, traveller not have any dependency to the people for getting the information (Timothy 2014).
Hence, by using personal and non-personal method help the authority to provide all the sufficient
information related to the British Museum as well Victoria and Albert museum to the visitors.
CONCLUSION
As per the above detailed report, it has been concluded that tourism sectors plays an
important role for development of heritage and cultural activity. Present report discuss the
activity to travel and tourism sectors which make various kinds of efforts to increase the profit. It
can be said that for the growth of any country, this sector palsy an important role. It directly
affect the economic system of the country. In this, UK is a country which promote the travel
activity in Lhasa and Tibet. It also explained the various efforts which are used by the Chinese
government such as construction of building, framing policies to protect the historical
monuments etc.
Furthermore, it also present the British Museum as well as Victoria and Albert museum,
which is famous for their art, diversified culture. There are some places such as Buddhist
Temple, Natural places, Museum etc. which attract the customers in a large number. Report also
explain the role and responsibilities of legal authorities to protection the natural places and past
history so that it highly influence the customers. By taking example of private public ownership,
public partnership, charitable trust, all the heritage and cultural industry can be protected easily
(Poria, Reichel and Cohen, 2013).
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Graham, B., Ashworth, G. and Tunbridge, J., 2016. A geography of heritage. Routledge.
Mortara, M. and et.al., 2014. Learning cultural heritage by serious games. Journal of Cultural
Heritage. 15(3). pp.318-325.
Opel, D. J. and et.al., 2013. The architecture of provider-parent vaccine discussions at health
supervision visits. Pediatrics. pp.peds-2013.
Opel, D. J. and et.al., 2015. The influence of provider communication behaviors on parental
vaccine acceptance and visit experience. American journal of public health. 105(10).
pp.1998-2004.
Timothy, D., 2014, January. Cultural heritage, tourism and socio-economic development. In
Channel View Publications.
Barile, S. and Saviano, M., 2014. Resource integration and value co-creation in cultural heritage
management. Management of cultural products: e-relationship marketing and
accessibility perspectives. IGI Global, Hershey. pp.58-82.
Barthel-Bouchier, D., 2012. Cultural heritage and the challenge of sustainability. Left Coast
Press.
Bloch, E., 2015. The Heritage of Our Times. John Wiley & Sons.
Harrison, R., 2013. Heritage: critical approaches. Routledge.
Page, S. J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Poria, Y., Reichel, A. and Cohen, R., 2013. Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its
designation. Tourism Management. 35. pp.272-274.
Richards, G. and van der Ark, L. A., 2013. Dimensions of cultural consumption among tourists:
Multiple correspondence analysis. Tourism Management. 37. pp.71-76.
Smith, M. and Richards, G., 2013. The Routledge handbook of cultural tourism. Routledge.
Su, Y. W. and Lin, H. L., 2014. Analysis of international tourist arrivals worldwide: The role of
world heritage sites. Tourism management. 40. pp.46-58.
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Timothy, D. J. and Boyd, S. W., 2014. Tourism and trails: Cultural, ecological and management
issues (Vol. 64). Channel View Publications.
Zhao, S. and Timothy, D. J., 2015. Governance of red tourism in China: Perspectives on power
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Tengberg, A. and et.al., 2012. Cultural ecosystem services provided by landscapes: assessment
of heritage values and identity. Ecosystem Services. 2. pp.14-26.
Whelan, Y., 2016. Heritage, memory and the politics of identity: New perspectives on the
cultural landscape. Routledge.
Barile, S. and Saviano, M., 2014. Resource integration and value co-creation in cultural heritage
management. Management of cultural products: e-relationship marketing and
accessibility perspectives. IGI Global, Hershey. pp.58-82.
Barthel-Bouchier, D., 2012. Cultural heritage and the challenge of sustainability. Left Coast
Press.
Bloch, E., 2015. The Heritage of Our Times. John Wiley & Sons.
Bureau, B. C. H., 2016. Beijing Municipal Measures for the Regulation of Discretionary
Administrative Penalties Imposed by Cultural Heritage Administrative Departments.
Chinese Law & Government. 48(3).
Gigliarelli, E. and Quattrone, G., 2014, November. Shared solutions to tackle restoration
restrictions and requirements for cultural landscape and the sustainable conservation of
cultural heritage. In Euro-Mediterranean Conference. pp. 321-331.
Graham, B., Ashworth, G. and Tunbridge, J., 2016. A geography of heritage. Routledge.
Mortara, M. and et.al., 2014. Learning cultural heritage by serious games. Journal of Cultural
Heritage. 15(3). pp.318-325.
Opel, D. J. and et.al., 2013. The architecture of provider-parent vaccine discussions at health
supervision visits. Pediatrics. pp.peds-2013.
Opel, D. J. and et.al., 2015. The influence of provider communication behaviors on parental
vaccine acceptance and visit experience. American journal of public health. 105(10).
pp.1998-2004.
Timothy, D., 2014, January. Cultural heritage, tourism and socio-economic development. In
Channel View Publications.
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Altunel, M. C. and Erkut, B., 2015. Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of tourist
experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and
recommendation intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4(4).
pp.213-221.
Ashworth, G. and Larkham, P. eds., 2013. Building a new heritage (RLE tourism). Routledge.
Hartmann, R., 2014. Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism
management: new directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage
Tourism. 9(2). pp.166-182.
Dinnie, K., 2015. Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. Routledge.
Page, S. J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Poria, Y., Reichel, A. and Cohen, R., 2013. Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its
designation. Tourism Management. 35. pp.272-274.
Online
Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa, 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/707>. [Accessed on 15 July 2017].
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<http://www.mtac.gov.tw/mtac_quarterly/quarterly_e/3/1372590449.pdf>. [Accessed on 15th
July 2017].
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