Analysis of Cultural and Heritage Sites

The provided assignment involves analyzing the management of cultural and heritage sites across different ownership types (public, private, and volunteer). The report aims to identify the main purpose of studying these sites, which is to attract tourists and increase tourism, ultimately enhancing a country's economy. It also highlights various laws and regulations implemented by governments to preserve and maintain cultural development. The study references several books and journals on cultural tourism, geotourism, and heritage politics in China.

HERITAGE &
CULTURAL
TOURISM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analyse the growth and development of the Heritage and cultural industry........................1
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of culture and heritage resources.............................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in satisfying the needs and demands of various
customers....................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership on management of heritage and cultural sites........4
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of organisations in heritage and cultural industry.......................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Evaluation of different methods which are used to interpret heritage and culture...............7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourism sector is one of the major industries which is growing rapidly throughout the
world. People are travelling across the countries to explore new destinations. In the present
scenario visitors are visiting not only to spend times but also increase their knowledge about a
particular place (Du Cros and McKercher, 2014). Tourism is providing lot of employment
opportunists to unemployed workers which gradually enhance the economy of government. In
this report, development and growth of destinations are explained; tools and techniques which
they are using to attract more and more people are included in this. How tourist and travel
agencies affect the activities and implement new strategies for enhancing their business is
mentioned here.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse the growth and development of the Heritage and cultural industry
Tourism in heritages can be defined as activity of tourist visiting places. This kind of
tourism is motivated much by heritage attributes and culture. Proper maintenance, conservation
and protection are required for growth and development of this sector.
As per the National trust, cultural tourism refers to the experience an individual is gained
while visiting specific destination or place. Such heritage and cultural sites are developed over a
period of time which are further discussed below:
1840-1949: At this time, the first company which took its group in Egypt is named as
Thomas Cook. At this phase the government put their nil efforts in protecting the visitors and
resolve their problems.
1950-1955: At this time, government out some efforts through implementing various system
and methods due to which large number of people gets employment opportunities.
1956-1987: During this phase the government implemented various reforms with an objective of
utilizing available resources in an effective and efficient manner. At that time different
companies put their efforts through offering effective packages to attract visitors to visit at such
places (Hartmann, R., 2014).
1988 to present: Due to Innovative technology brings huge growth and development of such
heritage sites. Transportations facilities are so much improved and government also pay more
attention to attract visitors through which they can earn huge income.
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Growth and development
Transportation- Development of roads, local transportation and international aircrafts
has increased the growth of tourism in UK. This will increase the tourism is particular nation and
gradually this will enhance their revenues.
Technology- Advanced technology also taken as important factors for growth and
development of these sectors as it helps visitors to search heritages of a country with its complete
information which influences them to come over there.
Media- Today, newspapers, magazines, social sites etc. It can be used by organisations to
promote heritages sites for visitors.
Higher level of organisation- In today’s modern era, with rise of educations sector,
students use to go in other cities, states or countries for better studies. This gives rise in tourism
Attractive: Heritage sites such as Frontiers of Roman Empire, Blaenavon Industrial
Landscape which includes public building, quarries etc. are most attractive industrial sites which
grab attention of people of whole nation Dowling, 2014).
Natural: Various national parks, landscape, coastline etc. are some natural heritage sites
which also contribute more to the economy to country.
Contracted heritage environment: There are various places such as Queen's palace and
parliament that attain their own historic values which helps in attracting large number of
travellers to visit at such places. These places help visitor in knowing the incidents occurred in
past.
Cultural heritage: There are over 25 sites in UK which represents their own cultural and
historical value. There are some committee or panel whose main aim is to attract visitors through
making different observations.
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of culture and heritage resources
Lhasa is one of the city which attain high population and has cover over 3450 metres. Patola
palace and Norulingka palaces are such attraction of city that attracts large number of visitors.
But there are some conflicts occur relating to preservation of resources attached to Heritage and
cultural sites. The negative impact is that increasing in the number of customers will affect the
infrastructure development of culture and heritage at that area. The positive impact is that as
large numbers of customers are visiting at such place through which the government earn huge
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incomes as well as many employment opportunities are also created. The main reasons of
arising conflicts are due to business man who focuses on developing projects which causes
pollution. Large number of resorts, hotels etc. are some factors which affect the tourism
environment in adverse manner. Other project such as roads building and Lhasa paradise
developed by hotel group through which makes negative impact on the environment. These all
related issues are raised by NGO and put their efforts in restricting such project in order to
protect environment and religious sentiments. In Barcelona and Venice there are some issue
occurred relating to arising criminal activities through which the local people living with a
threat. Providing residential houses to visitors without identifying their identity is a illegal
activity which should be stopped otherwise the country will face huge consequences.
Barcelona has suffered from rising rents, crowded streets, drunken antic and also
expensive bars which affect local people and their standard of living. The people of Barcelona
appealed to government to banned visitors from visiting La Boqueira Public Market so that they
can freely do shopping without facing any difficulties.
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in satisfying the needs and demands of various
customers
Heritage sites can be said as one of the major attraction for number of visitors. As these
sites have all cultural values, ethics which are related to that place. Nowadays heritage tourism
has emerged as one of the important sites to visit for tourists. Some of the elemets thorough
which this can be understood are as follows:
Entertainment: Large number of places are there where people travel not for spending
their vacations but also for entertainment purpose. Visitors travel to these heritage sites with their
families and friends to look old designed infrastructures. They also get to know about the history
which is related to that particular monument. British museum not only tells about the history
kinds can find it most interesting place to visit as they will get to see old artifacts, sculptures ,
texts which are related to their past.
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Historical Internship: This factor also attracts more and more people in these
destinations because visitors are very keen to know about the history and past. National Maritime
and British museum both gives information about warships which British army has used in their
past.
Recreational Purpose: It is not possible to relive their history but British museum
provide them this opportunity by telling them about the history knowledge. In this museum
government has kept old artifacts, things which define culture and art of that era are included
(Blumenfield and Silverman, eds., 2013).
Educational values: Most of schools conduct educational tours to such places so that
students can get to know about their ancestors. This provides them with lot of information which
gradually enhance an individual’s own knowledge. Visiting these places students can improve
their existing knowledge which will be very helpful for them in future. Educational values can be
increased by mentioning about their historical monuments in their books and teach students
about the glory of past.
Research: Archaeologist prefers to visit such places so that they can get some data about
the monuments and artifacts which are kept there. This includes information about when building
was constructed or how old it is. Researcher may get valued information which was not been
explored yet by others.
Sense of unity: This creates a sense of patriotism and unity which brings cooperation
among the number different communities. They encourage people to know about their own
country, about their leaders who sacrifice their life for the freedom of the nation. This promotes
youngsters to join defence forces which will be very beneficial for their nation.
Therefore, all these places are attracting more and more people so that they can know
about their history and whatever had happened in the past. Thus, heritage can be taken as one of
the important factor which is providing significant growth in economy through which country is
increasing its revenues (Peters, Siller, and Matzler, 2011).
According to above information it has been analysed that heritage and cultural sites are
playing a major role in satisfying needs or demands of distinct customers by fulfilling their
purpose. Thus some of the useful examples of heritage cultural sites are describing as follows:-
 For example; Business manager of multinational company is travelling to see British
museum in order to analyse demand or supply of foods or beverage nearby museum.
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Thus, by assessing percentage of public manager can easily estimate the requirement of
business at that place. It means British museum which is one of the attractive cultural site
get succeeded in satisfying the need of business manager.
 Another example is ; group of students are travelling at queen house for determining the
history of kings or queen because their main objective is to gain maximum knowledge
about cultural destination which aids them in their future performance. Along with this
strengthened their learning.
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TASK 3
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership on management of heritage and cultural sites
In order to conserve as well as maintain the heritage and cultural sites of tourism and
development. As management on them is very critical, UK Government has offered ownership
like public, commercial and volunteer which are used to monitor and control these sites. Mainly
government focus on public and private ownership. This ownership has impacted in positive and
negative both ways (Altunel and Erkut, B., 2015).
Public ownership: This ownership is authorized through government. It is included the
organisations like WTO which manages, monitors and maintains functioning of rich heritage
sites. The main objective of this ownership is the welfare of nation and public to gain profit by
improving the standard of services which influences over on visitors. So, it mainly impact
positively on development of sites and consideration of local values and belief. For example, The
British and National Maritime Museums are running under public ownership as local
government of London having control over its financial activities also. The difficult task of this
type of ownership is to consider on mission and values that significantly impact on money used
to develop its commitment.
Commercial ownership: This type of ownership includes those investors who fund for
development of heritage sites. Its main objective is to generate more income by giving more
services to visitors. It has impacted positively in the manner by planning of improvement of
external sources to business expansion. This ownership involves many activities like
development of historic theme parks, art galleries nearby heritage place to present the history of
heritages. Their main purpose behind development of property as place of tourism is profit
making. It involves market value, foreign investment and job opportunities which encourages the
visitors to visit heritage sites.
Volunteer ownership: These organisations are neither private nor public and ownership
is authorized by trustees. These are comes in non-profit sector. Their main aim is to preserve
heritages (Hakala Lätti and Sandberg, 2011). They use to maintain sites like museums,
archaeological etc. These ownership provides some mythological programs for visitors to
educate the history of the heritages.
Many stakeholders help to manage heritages by providing funds in these organisations.
These sites are affected by rules of government and conservation policies. Since, public
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ownership are authorized by government so, the qualities of these enterprises are tends to be
more effective than commercial ones.
Impact of these ownership:-
Types of these ownerships have impacted directly on maintenance of heritages. From
above mentioned ownerships, public one is getting more priorities. The heritages which come
under public are protected, maintained and preserved well as compared to other one which come
under rest of ownerships. So, on examining its impacts these three types has to make cooperation
among various activities to maintain heritages in an effective way.
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of organisations in heritage and cultural industry
The various organisations included in public, commercial and volunteer ownerships
perform various activities in heritage and cultural activities. The Government of UK has made
several laws to protect beauty of their heritages. In 1983, National Heritage Act was established
to protect these sites which includes the following roles and responsibilities of organisations that
come under this:-
 This organisation helps in producing funds and raising money through various sources for
companies who are engaging in maintain and preservation of heritages.
 It also helps in making connections through social networking sites to various people in
order to gain various arts masterpiece.
Various organisations like UNESCO, ICOMOS, and etc. support above by providing
various training and assistance. They help this organisation in proper managing of sites as well as
help in developing report system (Kaminski, Benson and Arnold, eds., 2013).
English heritage: It is registered as charitable trusts to take care National Heritage
Collection. It includes more than 400 historical monuments and sites of UK. It works with all
limited authorities to offer recommendation on management for conservation of heritages like
giving suggestion on planning and local improvement framework. For appraisals of conservation
areas or heritages, it has generated two documents for all local authorities who give regulations.
For example an organization is trying to prevent various cultural sites from damages or make
them secure from various hazardous issues.
Natural England: It is a non-departmental public body of government of the UK, which
is responsible to ensure that its environment including land, flora and fauna, marine and
freshwater, etc. that are to be improved and protected also. So, main responsibility of this is to
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protect the natural environment. Other responsibilities includes in this are to help farmers and
land managers, protect landscapes, wildlife, manage about 140 National Natural Reserves.
WWF: These organisations are work on issues related to research and conservation of
environment by working in around 100 countries. The main responsibility of these organisations
is to stop degradation of environment and to develop it which increases tourism also (Ryan,
Chaozhi and Zeng, 2011).
TASK 4
4.1 Evaluation of different methods which are used to interpret heritage and culture
For interpreting heritage and culture travel and tourism industry uses many tools and
techniques so that they can get proper data and information regarding historical sites.
Government use all these tools as guidance so that they can expand and boost their business in a
proper manner. It assists them to have a perception about a particular place whether they are
giving advantages or not. Thus, this gives an idea of what all changes are required for the
betterment of their business (Briassoulis and Van Der Straaten, eds., 2013).
Following steps can be used for interpreting this process includes understanding,
appreciation and protection. This helps a travel agency to know about choices where they want to
go for their vacations. Through this process company's management can raise their
accountability and effectiveness which will create a good image in front of their clients.
Collection of statistical data is not for interpretation but for getting effective information related
to museum. Methods can differ from place to place Maritime is using tools which are different
from others. For example: maritime museum uses tools and techniques which are appropriate
according to them. They have posted about their museums in social media sites and on internet
so that maximum person can know about them. This targets youngsters in large number because
they are the one who are using all these mediums to get the information. By using all these
instruments they can gradually increase their popularity. Positive videos about the museums are
posted which is influencing many people to visit that place and know about their past. Apart
from this they posted in their website and online portal from where everybody can know about
what all facilities and services they are providing. This includes information regarding what all
things they have kept in their museum and why people should visit these places (Vong and Ung,
2012).
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Maritime museum and British museum both are also providing internship to students so
that they can increase their knowledge and at the same time guide other persons about their
museums. This will provide a platform for students to know about their past history. Thus,
museum should make sure that all information which are provided authentic in nature. Following
are some principles of interpretation used by authorities of media for developing sites of
heritages:-
Information Sources: Media uses these sources to interpretation the needs of visitors. It
highlights the key information to target the interest of audiences. In this present scenario people
can get information from anywhere at any time. This has made their life more easy and
comfortable. It has been in reach with every person (Alvarez and Korzay, 2011).
Sustainability: It is an important element of interpretation to gives sustainability in
business functions and development of sites.
Research and evaluation: It promotes and offers information of heritages to visitors. As
interpretation of data and information cannot be derived until research has been done.
Audio-visual: It is used for proper analysis and presentation of data which proves
beneficial for visitors to understand properly.
Interactive technology: The sharing of information and data can be done online sources
which include electronic and digital media (Du Cros and McKercher, 2014).
Print Media: It is a traditional source of sharing and analysing information. This includes
newspapers, pamphlets and magazines etc., which are in reach with every common people.
Heritage and cultural sites act as source for income generation because it aids entire
society for improving their standard of living. In fact, it has been analysed that number of
methods are identified which is very useful for success or development of these sites. The govt.
furthermore, partnership by and large uses distinctive ways to deal with show the highlights and
opportunities of their locales. For example; various attractive place arranged different strategies
like show, sign, names, topical stories for leading and upholding different noteworthy occasions
and fairs. However, the industry can distribute diverse material about their business plan by
maintaining distinctive experts and cons about the legacy locales
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded on studying the report that heritage and cultural tourism is future of
tourism as it has directly impacted on economy of a country in a positive way. The Government
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of UK has made many laws to preserve and maintain the development of culture and heritage.
This report has shown all parts of organisation that come under ownerships of public, private and
volunteer as well as how these impacts on heritages of a country. These ownerships have
different roles and responsibilities but works with same objective that is to preserve these
heritages. The main purpose of studying cultural and heritage sites is to attract tourists and
increase tourism which results to enhance economy of a country.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Du Cros, H. and McKercher, B., 2014. Cultural tourism. Routledge.
Hartmann, R., 2014. Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism
management: new directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage
Tourism. 9(2). pp.166-182.
Dowling, R., 2014. Geotourism (pp. 1-3). Springer International Publishing.
Blumenfield, T. and Silverman, H. eds., 2013. Cultural heritage politics in China. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Peters, M., Siller, L. and Matzler, K., 2011. The resource-based and the market-based approaches
to cultural tourism in alpine destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(7).
pp.877-893.
Altunel, M. C. and Erkut, B., 2015. Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of tourist
experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and
recommendation intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4(4).
pp.213-221.
Hakala, U., Lätti, S. and Sandberg, B., 2011. Operationalising brand heritage and cultural
heritage. Journal of Product & Brand Management. 20(6). pp.447-456.
Kaminski, J., Benson, A. M. and Arnold, D. eds., 2013. Contemporary issues in cultural heritage
tourism (Vol. 42). Routledge.
Ryan, C., Chaozhi, Z. and Zeng, D., 2011. The impacts of tourism at a UNESCO heritage site in
China–a need for a meta-narrative? The case of the Kaiping Diaolou. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism. 19(6). pp.747-765.
Briassoulis, H. and Van Der Straaten, J. eds., 2013. Tourism and the environment: regional,
economic, cultural and policy issues (Vol. 6). Springer Science & Business Media.
Vong, L. T. N. and Ung, A., 2012. Exploring critical factors of Macau's heritage tourism: What
heritage tourists are looking for when visiting the city's iconic heritage sites. Asia
Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 17(3), pp.231-245.
Alvarez, M. D. and Korzay, M., 2011. Turkey as a heritage tourism destination: The role of
knowledge. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 20(3-4). pp.425-440.
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