Massive MIMO for Network Access

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK 1
MASSIVE MIMO FOR NETWORK ACCESS
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HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK 2
ABSTRACT
The Massive Multiple-input Multiple-output MIMO technology has been a breakthrough
topic in heterogeneous networks in the recent times. The network technology involves kitting a
base station BS with a multitudinous antennas in order to serve multiple users at the same time
and frequency. Among its numerous advantages, it enables cost and energy efficiency in
networks. Massive MIMO has attracted the attention of researchers in recent times, as such, there
is vast amount of underlying literature on massive MIMO at present. However, some critical
aspects of the technology are still in question. There are limited literature concerning its
propagation channels and models, its beam forming features and random access protocol has also
been rarely researched. In this rationale this document seek to explore these areas and further
explore the applications of massive MIMO in heterogeneous networks.
Key words: 5G network, Heterogeneous network, Hybrid beamforming, Massive MIMO,
Model, Propagation channel, Random access protocol, and Wireless network.

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK 3
MASSIVE MIMO FOR NETWORK ACCESS
SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND
The increasing demand of high data
rate particularly in the network area has
precipitated the need to develop the next
generation network. These requirements
need an effective model of a new network
that can support a wide range of devices
heterogeneous mixture of services. Cellular
networks which were used in the past
presumed a square, circular and hexagonal
shaped topologies where the base station BS
was at the cell’s center. However, these
models had some flaws when it comes to
practical network design. The modern
network design need random clustering
which has impose the need for redesigning
the traditional networks to come up with a
design where randomization is considered.
Now a days wireless networks have been
made heterogeneous so that macro-cells are
offloaded by small cells thus improving
indoor performance, cell-center and cell-
edge.
These networks are designed to solve
issues pertaining to speed, flexibility, cost-
efficiency network expansion and fine-tuned
design network. The 5th Generation 5G
network is designed with an ambition to
sustain heterogeneous combination of
various services with their specific
requirements. This network is designed to
support massive data that has been
increasing over the years. However,
technology innovation has erupted with a
new concept that is designed to boost the
performance of the network further. A
Massive multiple-input multiple-output
MIMO innovation is a very promising
concept that is developed to better the
wireless network performance including the
5th Generation network [1]. This concept
only leverage a multiple number of
independently controllable antennas at BS.
This leads to a considerable improvement in
energy and spectrum efficiency in the
network. So as to scale up the benefits of
massive MIMO, it has been placed first in
the current network generation. In this
system, 100s of antennas simultaneously
serve 10s of user equipment UE. It is worth
noting that massive MIMO can profoundly
improve spectral efficiency and reduce the
radiation power at the same time.
Up to now, a significant attention
have been drawn to massive MIMO in
various domain ranging from industry
organization to education sector. This is
possibly due to its potential benefits. As
stated by Bogale and Lee [2], massive
MIMO has great potential to meet the
requirements of the next generation wireless
networks. However, there are still questions
concerning some scenarios as well as
practical aspects of this technology. For
example, things like pilot contamination, the
low cost antennas, hybrid beam forming,
random access protocols, and propagation
channels are still in question. This report
seek to follow up the literature concerning
massive MIMO that have recently attracted
attentions in the research community for
example hybrid beam forming for massive
MIMO, massive MIMO propagation
channels, random access protocols for
massive MIMO among others. The rest of
the article are organized in the following