Comparative Study of Nursing Curricula and Teaching Modalities

The assignment is based on a collaborative evaluation study conducted by Nicaraguan and US nurses to identify similarities and differences in their respective curricula and teaching methods. The study utilizes the Community Engagement Model, which emphasizes hands-on learning experiences with local communities. Key sources include articles from PLOS ONE, Global Health Action, and BMC Public Health, as well as official websites such as the Minnesota Board of Nursing and the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System.

Running head: HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 1
Hierarchical Task Analysis
Student’s name
Institutional Affiliation

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 2
Hierarchical Task Analysis
The following Hierarchical Task Analysis simulates a hand washing process analysis.
The Hierarchical Task Analysis uses “Mary,” a woman, as the subject matter expert. The study
aims to extract information from the subject matter expert. The use of Hierarchical Task
Analysis has been in force in the medical field for a long time. The process began in the 1960s.
In some cases, the process started earlier. The process is the most suitable for the analysis of
tasks that have structures that are well defined. The process analyses tasks. The tasks always
seem to be often performed as opposed to those that have a loose structure. Hierarchical Task
Analysis entails the description of the tack regarding the task-subtask hierarchy. The process
involves a set of plans, which define the order in which subtasks are performed. They describe
the circumstances under which specific subtasks are worked out.
Hand washing is the most straightforward medical process that aims to keep the body
clean and protect against external infections (Wolfe et al.2017). The hands and poor sanitation
spread many medical conditions and processes. Washing hands with soft and clean running water
are essential to ensure that the sides remain clean and hygienic (US Department of Health ,
2016). The absence of clean running water means the subject can use any available water and
soap provided. Alcohol-based sanitizer can be used in the place of soap. The use of hand
sanitizers may not be as efficient as the use of a solvent in case the hands are greasy and visibly
dirty (To et al. 2017). Washing of hands is essential before eating, after visiting the toilet, before
meals and after making contact with possible germ transmitting surfaces.

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 3
Example
The following Hierarchical Task Analysis begins with the simple model presented at the
beginning ( Revisor of Statutes Minnesota State , 2016). Washing of hands and preparing the
hands for eating or carrying out other high-risk tasks. The initial step is the consideration of the
measures Mary takes.
Explanation of task Minor tasks
We begin by looking at Mary who has water and soap to wash her hands. She
performs her task at the bathroom. She finds a bucket of water, a scrubber, and a
bar of soap to wash her hands (Ram, et al., 2015).
Prepare for
washing.
She begins by pouring water into the bucket. She spreads the soap on the palm of
her hands until it lathers. She covers the solvent throughout the palm of her hands
(Rahman et al 2017). She removes the dirt from the middle of her nails by the use
of her nails. She scrubs her hands using the scrubber until the earth comes off the
palms of her hands (AACN, 2011). She gets her hands into the water and rinses
them until they become clean. The rinsing of her hands continues until they
become clean and spotless. She repeats the process until her hands stop being
slippery (Biswas et al. 2017)
Hand washing
She gets the towel into her hands and ensures it is the hand towel. She uses the
hand towel to dry her hands until they have no trace of water on the surface
(American Nurses Credentialing Centre , 2016).
Dry the hand
using a towel
She completes the process of drying her hands by using the electric dryer to
complete the process.
Dry the hands
on the electric

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 4
Explanation of task Minor tasks
dryer
One of the most common ways of representing the Hierarchical Task Analysis is by the use of a
cycle structure (Boyle, 2017). The following diagram depicts the cycle structure of the
Hierarchical Task Analysis diagram.
Figure 1 Hand Washing
At times, there may be other forms of processes of hand washing you are familiar with. The
methods do not have to take the same progression as outlined in the procedure above (Contzen &
Inauen, 2015). The Hierarchical Task Analysis asserts that the only important thing is the
hierarchy. Besides the presentation of the authority, it is important for form plans that are
Dry the handsPrepare hand towel
wash handsPrepare for hand
washing
hand
washing
hand
washing
hand
washing
hand
washing

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 5
definitive to the possible ordering of the activities. The case shows an array of options regarding
possible solutions to the issue of hand washing (Lakea, et al., 2017).
The plan ought to progress from 0 all the way to plan 1, 2, 3 and then 4.
The cycle structure of analysis usually is more appealing compared to the other alternatives
(Minnesota Board of Nursing , 2016). A method of using text can be used in the place of the
cycle diagram. The paper will employ the use of textual notation for external of the description
of the hand-washing task.
 0: Fetch the water and Soap (Contzen & Inauen, 2015)
o 1: Prepare for the hand washing process
 a.: Fetch the water
 b: Fetch the soap for washing hands
 c: Fetch the bucket
 d: Get the water and the soap together for hand washing
o 2: Wash the hands (Contzen & Inauen, 2015)
 e: Apply the cleanser on palms of the hands
 f: Scrub the soap on the hands
 g: Remove the dirt from under the nails
 h: Scrub the hands more until it lathers
 i: Water the hands
o 3: Water rinsing process (Contzen & Inauen, 2015)
 j: Rinse the hands using water
 k: Change the water and rinse the hands more

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 6
o 4: The hand wiping process (Contzen & Inauen, 2015)
 l: Get the hand wiping towel
 m: Wipe the hands with the towel
 n: Let the hands dry
More so, there is need to describe how the other subtasks will be handled (Contzen & Inauen,
2015).
 1st plan: Do a, b, c and d in any order
 2nd plan: Do e then f then g then h then i
 3rd plan: Do f then g
 4th plan Do h then I then i.
The analysis of tasks incorporates creating a general description to the most basic degree
possible. In creating the procedure, we may choose to start with the last step and proceed towards
the former steps before making the final progress (Nurses Service Organization , 2016). The
researchers might make out that it is not necessary to have the towel to dry the hands after
washing and hence there is no need to have the towel at the start of the hand washing process
(Minnesota Board of Nursing , 2016). The towel might be essential at the point where Mary
completes washing her hands. Washing hands with soft and clean running water is essential to
ensure that the sides remain clean and hygienic (US Department of Health, 2016). Hand
sanitation cannot be replaced by the use of synthetic hand sanitizers.
The absence of clean running water means the subject can use any available water and soap
provided. Water to be used for hand cleaning must be treated to ensure that it is suitable for hand

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 7
cleaning. Alcohol-based sanitizer can be used in the place of soap. Hot water can be used in the
place of dirty water. The use of hand sanitizers may not be as efficient as the use of solvent in
case the hands are greasy and visibly dirty (To et al. 2017).
 0: Gather the water in a bucket and prepare for the hand washing process.
o 1: Gather the water
o 2: Gather the soap
o 3: Get ready for the hand washing process
 3.1: Gather the lather of the soap
 3.2: Gather the hand sanitizer
o 4: Wash the hands (Contzen & Inauen, 2015)
 4.1: Wash the tips of the hands
 4.1.1: Wash the dirt under the nails (Boyle, 2017)
 4.1.2: Wash the palms of the hands
 4.1.3: Scrub the hands until they are clean (Boyle, 2017)
 4.2: Wash the back of the hands (Boyle, 2017)
 4.3: rinse the hands
o 5: Clean the hands with the towel
o 6: Dry the hands with the drier
Once more, there is need to define the process of performing each subtask.

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 8
 Plan 0: Do 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, then 6. 3 must be done before 4 and 5; 1 must be done before
4; 2 must be done before 5.
 Plan 3: Do 3.1 and 3.2 in either order (Boyle, 2017)
 Plan 4: Do 4.1 then 4.2 then 4.3 (Boyle, 2017).
 Plan 4.1: Do 4.1.1 then 4.1.2 then 4.1.3
 Plan 5: Do 5.1 then 5.2 (Boyle, 2017)
 Plan 6: Do 6.1 then 6.2 then 6.3.
The task analysis takes on different parts at different times and instances. The processes take
different levels of precision. The difference in the levels of analysis is regarded as part of the
reason for the failure of the entire process. It is therefore seen as something terrible ( Revisor of
Statutes Minnesota State , 2016). The process is beneficial in this case because it allows Mary to
carry out the same purposes in different ways.
Note
Keeping the hands clean via hand washing can be likened to the skill of learning a new language
like English through modern means like the use of mobile Applications. Current methods of
hand sanitation have taken over the skill of hand washing (AACN, 2011). The market is filled
with such tools as ‘hand sanitizers’ which perform the same functions of hand sanitation albeit to
a different degree of accuracy and safety. Mobile phone applications perform the function of
hand sanitizers (Boyle, 2017). The English language is the epitome of international integration,
cultural diversity, and cooperation. The language is the most spoken around the globe besides
Chinese and French (Hulland, et al., 2013). Therefore, learning the English language is essential

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 9
in fostering globalization and in connecting the world. Understanding the language is necessary
primarily for the sake of commerce and international trade.
Comprehension of the language can also aid in boosting chances for acquiring
opportunities of employment. Although not everyone can afford the advantage of learning the
language, the advent of new technology has made it possible through mobile applications.
Various computer applications, online websites, and online tutorial courses offer courses in the
English language abound (Mahmud et al. 2017). Some of the most common English learning
Apps include FluentU, Duolingo, Busuu, Mosalingua, Open Language, Memrise, Mindsnacks,
and Rosetta Stone. The following comparison discusses English language learning mobile apps.
It discusses how they compare to hand sanitation. The use of mobile apps to study English can at
times be challenging because of the presence of other mobile apps for playing games and
handling other tasks. The process is the most suitable for the analysis of tasks that have
structures that are well defined. It helps the user to make a note of the factors that define the
subtasks. The process analyses tasks. The tasks always seem to be performed as opposed to those
that have a loose structure. Hierarchical Task Analysis entails the description of the tack
regarding the task-subtask hierarchy.
The student must ensure that all the other applications in the phone remain off to avoid
unnecessary destructions. The student can also uninstall all the other gaming applications and
restrict his cellphone to the use English language learning Applications. In everything the student
does, it all depends on the mindset ( Revisor of Statutes Minnesota State , 2016). Success
depends on what the student purposes to do in his heart. The student can alternatively choose to
download an application that border between gaming and learning. Discipline in mind and heart
of the student is the key to excellent performance (National Plan and Provider Enumeration

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 10
System , 2016). The skill of staying focused is hence essential because it allows the student to
make progress in studies. Rosetta stone has exercises created to assist the student in learning the
necessary words before they can form basic sentences and phrases (Contzen & Inauen, 2015).
Although mobile phone applications have flooded the language learning market traditional
means of language learning through the classroom, suffice. Students can study and learn the
English language via mobile apps through the method of classroom learning still reigns
(Minnesota Board of Nursing , 2016). The use of guidelines for adaptation and the samples of
modification provided help in the adjustment of the Hierarchical Task Analysis.
The use of a structured, objective approach for the description of the performance of
tasks is essential to keeping track of the processes of hand washing. The task analysis accrues
from the human factors of operations and relations (Ram, et al., 2015). The washing of hands is
an essential part of the process of sanitation and prevention from germs. The analysis of goals is
used to attain individual goals. Mary can break down the significant tasks into minor subtasks to
make it easier to understand (Nurses Service Organization , 2016). The use of hierarchical task
analysis can help in the design of new systems. Hierarchical task analysis assists in the creation
of various possible methods of completing the task. The multiple approaches displayed in the
hierarchical task analysis makes it possible to investigate all the possible mechanisms of
performance.
Lack of a proper Hierarchical Task Analysis process can influence contaminations of
various types. Food contamination is the most common form of contamination that cat at times is
fatal when taken for granted. Hand sanitation can mean death of the subject when taken the
wrong way. Proper hand sanitation means using clean soap and water to wash hands.

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 11
Contamination can come from the soap in use or even the water. Hand washing is an essential
element for the purposes of keeping germs at bay. The moment the Mary has created a
hierarchical task analysis the system can serve as a system of effective forms that documents and
enables the developers to comprehend the interaction of with a system. It is advisable to make a
plan that defines how a hierarchical task analysis combines the subtasks that allows the user to
gain any conditions or a particular goal. The Hierarchical Task Analysis process analyses steps
and conditions that can be followed for keeping touch with the hand sanitation.
Reference

HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 12
Revisor of Statutes Minnesota State . (2016, September 20). 2015 Minnesota Statutes . Office of
the Revisor of Statutes Retrieved from : https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=148.171
AACN. (2011, April 11). Nursing Factsheet. American Associaition of College of Nursing
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HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 13
Lakea, D., K.Engelke, M., A.Koskoa, D., Roberson, D. W., Fany, J., Feliciana, J., et al. (2017).
Nicaraguan and US nursing collaborative evaluation study: Identifying similarities and
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HIERACHIAL TASK ANALYSIS 14
BRDi9fSN7Ijt1wUSJAASawcjHgQLneqUR597RkZS8AxflFeDYi1psZ1ktcJOsQvLcRo
CSWHw_wcB
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