Evaluating Pneumococcal Vaccination Programs

This assignment critically examines the implementation and impact of pneumococcal vaccination programs. It delves into the effectiveness of these programs, focusing on how they educate patients about the importance of pneumococcal vaccinations and influence their decision-making. The analysis also considers the quality and usefulness of educational materials provided to patients, aiming to assess their ability to inform and empower individuals regarding the value of pneumococcal vaccinations.

Running head: CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
Case Study 2: Alan Jones
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
Answer to Question 1
Alan Jones is 60-year-old man who was admitted to hospital for surgery following urinary
symptoms that led to a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He has a history of
obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alan lives alone but his adult son is with him on admission
and reports that his father drinks a lot of alcohol (at least a bottle of wine per night). Alan was
taken to surgery and underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal
anaesthesia. After 2 hours in the post-anaesthetic recovery room (PARU) he was transferred to
the ward. He has continuous bladder irrigation via a three lumen urethral catheter. His urine
contains large blood clots.
After Alan was taken to the ward, it was detected that Alan was suffering from high Blood
pressure, high heart rate and body temperature. He also reported difficulty to respiration and he
reported no symptoms of pain in his body parts. However, he was detected with the benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
The BPH is an extremely common form of disease. The advanced forms of the age of men are
the risk factor for the enlarged form of the prostate. Half of all the men over 50 have developed
the symptoms of BOH and only 10% of them proper medical or the surgical form of the
interventions (Oelke et al., 2013). In the disease of benign prostrate hyperplasia, the prostrate
tends to grow larger. It may be compressed from the urethras that have been coursed from the
centre of the prostrate. This can effectually cause the urine back up in the bladder that leads to
the increase in the frequency to urinate during day and night (da Silva et al., 2015). The other
form of the common symptoms includes the low flow of the urine, the need to urgently urinate

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
and have difficulty in starting of the stream of the urinary. The Benign prostrate hyperplasia
(BPH) is an enlarged form of the prostate glands in men. The prostate gland surrounds the walls
of the urethra. It acts as a tube those carriers the urine from the bladder to the out of the body (da
Silva et al., 2015). However, when the prostate gland gets bigger it blocks and squeeze in the
paths of the urethra. This causes a major of problem with the process of urinating. The BPH has
occurred in almost all the men, as they tend to age (Oelke et al., 2013). The BPH is not a form of
cancer. An enlarged form of the prostrate can be very big problem in future. However, it is not a
very serious form of a problem. The Benign prostate hyperplasia is probably the normal part of
the process of aging in men that are caused by the changes in the balances in the hormone and
the growth in the cell (Oelke et al., 2013).
Answer to Question 2
The process of the hyperplastic in the prostrate begins in the periurethral region that includes the
zone of the transition. These phenomenons are influenced due to several reasons that leads to the
increase in the number of cells and the size of the epithelial and the stromal proliferation or the
apoptosis.
The enlargement takes in the intrusion into the urethral lumen or the bladder neck that can be
change considerably for the outlet for the resistance by causing a form of the mechanical form of
the obstructions (Patel & Parsons, 2014). Despite of the fact that the size of the prostate do not
eventually correlate closely with the symptoms that larger and it has the larger size that can have
the greater form of the likelihood of the future form of the deterioration clinically.
The capsule of the prostate is another form of the developed that are caused by the LUTS by
transmitting the several form of the pressure of the expansion of the tissue that have the

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
expansion to the urethra and the increased form of the resistance of the urethra (Patel & Parsons,
2014).
Despite there are a significant success in the use of the alp-ha blockers and the alpha reductase
inhibitors are in the reducing rates of the risks of the progression of the LUTS, 20% of the men
with BPH will have to experience the urinary retention that are related to the prostate may
require surgery that can be within one year after the initiation of the drug.
After the procedure, it is very likely to place the catheter in the place because there is a swelling
that may eventually block the flow of the urine (Mehta & Baikady, 2015). However, if the
patient is unable to urinate after the tube has been removes, the doctors reinserts the catheter and
allows few times of the day until the swelling goes down and the patient can urinate very
normally.
The patients may experience several side effects after going through the surgery. However, these
side effects are not so much threatening (Mehta & Baikady, 2015). The first side effect that can
be observed is the occurrence of blood in the urine. It is a very normal phenomenon to see the
blood for the few days after the procedure. The doctor’s help can be needed when there are clots
in the urine or the bleeding is worsened.
The second effect is the irritation symptom in the urinary tract. The patient might feel the urgent
need to urinate or you might have the habit to urinate late at night. However, post the surgery,
most of the men faces the burning effect at the tip of their penis and near the end of the urination.
However, with some of the laser surgery these symptoms can last for weeks or even for months
depending on the how much time they need to heal and also depends on the size of the prostate
of the patient (Mehta & Baikady, 2015).

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
However, the other form of the problem that are seen in the patients are the patients finding it
difficult to hold the urine. This inconsistence can occur as the bladder of the patient is used for
having to push the urine through the urethra that is narrowed by the enlarged form of the tissues
of the prostrate. In case of most of the men, this kind of issue resolves with time. However,
depending on the type of the prostrate the laser surgery is given to the patients and they have to
stay in the hospital overnight before getting the discharge and going home.
However, the doctor always recommends the patients to take the surgery without any stress.
They asks the patients not to take any form of strenuous activities such as the lifting of heavy
weight until they improves (Nicholson, 2015). The doctor also advices the patients not do get
involved in any sexual activity as it can cause more pain and bleeding. Lastly, the patients need
to follow proper form of medications.
Answer to Question 3
The national trial of the treatment of the Emphysema used as the multidisciplinary approach for
implementing the maximum rate of the protocol for the medical care that includes the
adjustments of the medications and the outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for all the patients
and the nutritional counselling are also needed. The interdisciplinary team normally consists of
the dieticians, physiotherapist and the antitheist for the case of Alan.
However, this phenomenon discusses the benefits of the approach in the care of the patients with
the chronic form of the obstructions that can cause the pulmonary diseases. The role of the team
members is to complement each other and to contribute to the major goal of providing an
excellent quality of the medical care (Nicholson, 2015). The focus of the team is to reinforce the
plans of the medical fields and to provide the best possible form of the care to the education of

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
the patient and provide great support. However, it reviews the initial form of the elements of the
assessment of the patients and for the nutritional assessment of the patients.
By developing a plan, it can be assessed that the initial plan of care begins with the assessment of
the patient (Bagla et al., 2015). The completed history and the physical examination can be
obtained from the patients and there if it is needed there are various inputs from the support
person. The dietician also plays an integral part in their case. The patient is prescribed to take
less amount of water for the night as it will cause less pressure on the bladder of the patient. The
physiotherapists are involved for giving the various forms of physiotherapy to improve the flow
of urine of the patients. As the patient was given spinal anaesthesia, the anaesthetist should give
a proper amount of anaesthesia to have a smooth surgery of the patient.
The patient has the history of the drinking habits that are observed in the initial form of the
assessments. The patient should be assessed for the evidences of the co morbid factors that are
associated with the COPD. This generally includes the diseases of the cardiovascular problems,
severe loss in the weight, depression, symptoms of the osteoporosis and the dysfunction of the
muscles that are being wasted (Bagla et al., 2015). The compliances with the severe form of the
influenza and the pneumococcal vaccinations are also to be assessed. The discussions and the
printed form of the materials of the education are very much useful in informing the patients who
have the values of the vaccinations.
References

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CASE STUDY 2: ALAN JONES
Bagla, S., Martin, C. P., van Breda, A., Sheridan, M. J., Sterling, K. M., Papadouris, D., ... & van
Breda, A. (2014). Early results from a United States trial of prostatic artery embolization
in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of Vascular and Interventional
Radiology, 25(1), 47-52.
Biardeau, X., Aharony, S., Campeau, L., & Corcos, J. (2016). Artificial urinary sphincter: report
of the 2015 consensus conference. Neurourology and urodynamics, 35(S2).
da Silva, R. D., Bidikov, L., Michaels, W., Gustafson, D., Molina, W. R., & Kim, F. J. (2015).
Bipolar energy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a current systematic
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and Behavioral Health Care Model in the Outpatient Setting: A Qualitative Study.
Lawn, S., Sweet, L., Skinner, T., Battersby, M., & Delany, T. (2017). Information sharing for the
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Mehta, R., & Baikady, R. R. (2015). The Anaesthetic Management of Patients with
Genitourinary Cancer. In Urological Oncology (pp. 223-251). Springer London.
Nicholson, T. M. (2015). Estrogen Receptor-alpha is a Key Mediator and Therapeutic Target in
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester).

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Oelke, M., Bachmann, A., Descazeaud, A., Emberton, M., Gravas, S., Michel, M. C., ... & Jean,
J. (2013). EAU guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of non-neurogenic male lower
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Patel, N. D., & Parsons, J. K. (2014). Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia
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