Annotated Bibliography on History of Slavery and Its Impact on Contemporary Society
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This annotated bibliography discusses the history of slavery and its impact on contemporary society. It includes articles on political legacy, modern slavery, human trafficking, and debt bondage.
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Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY TOPIC:History of slavery and its impact on contemporary society Introduction: The slavery system was abolished by the second half of the nineteenth century in the United States, Latin America and other countries. However, the legal ban over the slavery system could not control the behavioural prejudices, and thereby it is of no wonder that the tinge of discrimination regarding race and pigmentation, and slavery based systems too can be noticed even in the contemporary world especially in the educational field. Acharya,A.,Blackwell,M.,&Sen,M.(2016).Thepoliticallegacyof American slavery.The Journal of Politics, 78(3), 621-641. The authors are the professors of Harvard and Stanford University who have focused on the political legacy of American slavery through conducting a survey. Slavery’s dominance more than 160 years ago has given rise to differences in contemporary political attitudes through the countries in the American south. Specifically, the authors have shown that American slavery has left a straight effect on the Southern whites’ attitudes on decisive action, partisan identification, approach toward blacks and racial resentment. The author further highlighted that their findings are healthy to tooling for cotton suitability, providing reliability that their assessments are causal. The article lacks some points because it misses historical and culturally-deep rooted clarification for the construction of public view. Their findings here support the fact that old customs like
2ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY slavery are essential in giving shape to American politics and culture, even after a century of its abolition. In this light, by examining other relationships between contemporary attitudes and historical forces, the sphere of political conduct could be modified. New,S.J.(2015).Modernslaveryandthesupplychain:thelimitsof corporate social responsibility?.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(6), 697-707. In this paper, the author who is a professor of Hertford College & Saïd Business School, (University of Oxford) shows that the supply chains are also profoundly affected by the slavery systems and the issue challenges the traditional practice and thinking in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). An instance of pressurised labour in UK farming has been used to serve as a critique of such approaches. The forced labour in the supply chain has become a serious issue these days; examples have been given of Malaysian electronic sector and Thai food industry. Approximates of the scale problem may be different for different cases but the core issue remains the same. The article says that this is a huge challenge for business firms, including both reputational and ethical difficulties. The downside of this article is that the author need to concentrate less on the advocated policies of single corporations, and extra on the sanctioned practices and procedures. The article is highly supportive in denoting possible differences between CSR issues and modern slavery.
3ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Hernandez, D., & Rudolph, A. (2015). Modern day slavery: What drives human trafficking in Europe?European Journal of Political Economy, 38, 118-139. At a time when human trafficking has become an international agenda of high concern, this article scrutinises the factors of human trafficking influxes into 13 countries around Europe grounded on officially recorded number of sufferers or victims of his crime. The article reflects the result of econometric study which notifies that well-established ways for refugees and migrants are the most used routes for human trafficking. The captured victims are transported to other countries and are tortured and sold as commodities with worst treatment and resources. The paper discusses about Gravity Model, Human Trafficking International Organized Crime, illegal migration and others issues. Human trafficking is being driven by massive profits like any other sales product. The paper is somewhat monotonous at few places and discusses only the cases of Europe, but overall the author helps by providing a definite suggestion that the policies should centre on encouraging and enacting anti-trafficking law and handle the subsequent prosecution and punishment of the offenders. Rickert, M. C. (2015). Through the Looking Glass: Finding and Freeing Modern-Day Slaves at the State Level.Liberty University Law Review, 4(2), 2. This article demonstrates the contemporary barbarism of slavery and still existing human trafficking. It further picturizes the deadly form that slavery has taken in United States and how the federal government is trying to eradicate slavery entirely from US and the entire world. Part III of the article explains that the step cannot be alone taken by the federal government to make it a success. The support of the states is highly essential to wage this war for humanity. There are
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4ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY some practical steps that have been taken by the federal government to free the child trafficking and mostly women trafficking. Part IV of this article discusses these steps, explicitly highlighting someofthemostattractivestate-levelanti-traffickinglawsvolunteeredbythefederal government with the assistance of the NGO s. The paper concludes with the specific suggestion that how Virginia can employ this knowledge to develop strict order within its borders to help abolish this cruel and pathetic business from the roots. It is an excellent contribution from the part of the author to the humankind. Salampessy, M. L., Febryano, I. G., & Zulfiani, D. (2017). Bound by debt: Nutmegtreesandchangingrelationsbetweenfarmersandagentsina Moluccan agroforestry systems.Forest and Society, 1, 60-66. The communities in Moluccas practice, a kind of land management system, called Agroforestry. According to this practice Nutmeg, a cash crop is scattered throughout the farmer orchards. Recently the farmers are going through a severe problem of debt bondage taking high tolls on their lives and creating unnecessary losses. The authors of this article have collaborated to demonstrate the involvements of the farmers in this debt bondage system which is also called the tree mortgage system. The findings of this article states that the agents from whom the farmers take money as debt are the most unpromising and cruel. The farmers being, mostly illiterate become the victims of the injustice done to them. The author suggests that institutional support and training could reduce this malicious business of the agents and preserve this ritual of the farmers. This article is of great importance and use to understand the slavery system which is still continuing in the world.
5ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded from the above discussion that the slavery system, though abolished legally long ago, is still existing in various forms. It can be in the form of debt – bondage,humantrafficking,forced-labour,politicalandbehaviouraldiscrimination, commodifying the poor, sex- servants and many others. The various articles that have been referred to in this assignment reflect the continuance of the long-lasting slavery institution.
6ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliography: Acharya, A., Blackwell, M., & Sen, M. (2016). The political legacy of American slavery. The Journal of Politics, 78(3), 621-641. Hernandez, D., & Rudolph, A. (2015). Modern day slavery: What drives human trafficking in Europe? European Journal of Political Economy, 38, 118-139. New, S. J. (2015). Modern slavery and the supply chain: the limitsof corporate social responsibility?. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(6), 697-707. Rickert, M. C. (2015). Through the Looking Glass: Finding and Freeing Modern-Day Slaves at the State Level. Liberty University Law Review, 4(2), 2. Salampessy, M. L., Febryano, I. G., & Zulfiani, D. (2017). Bound by debt: Nutmeg trees and changing relations between farmers and agents in a Moluccan agroforestry systems. Forest and Society, 1, 60-66.