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Assignment on Homeostasis (doc)

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Added on  2021-05-30

Assignment on Homeostasis (doc)

   Added on 2021-05-30

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Homeostasis 1HOMEOSTASIS by [NAME]CourseProfessor’s NameInstitutionLocation of InstitutionDate
Assignment on Homeostasis (doc)_1
Homeostasis 2HomeostasisTask 1Question 1: Negative FeedbackNegative feedback can be described as the mechanism that the body uses to maintain conditions within specific limits by opposing any changes that tend to deviate from the normal. Thermoregulation is one of the ways the body uses to maintain a normal temperature range. When there is a significant change in the temperature of the body, the hypothalamus is notified via the receptors that detect this change. The hypothalamus responds by initiating the process that resets the temperature back to normal (Pitoni, Sinclair and Andrews, 2011, p. 118). In thermoregulation, when the temperatures are too high, the arterioles undergo vasodilation where they enlarge to enable more blood to flow to the skin surfaces so heat can be lost (GonzálezAlonso, 2012, p. 342). Additionally, the sweat glands secrete sweat that which helps in cooling the body. Furthermore, the hairs undergo pilorelaxation where they flatten to allow heat loss. On the other hand, when the temperatures drop too low, the arterioles undergo vasoconstriction where they become smaller to reduce the amount of blood flowing into the skin surface thus limiting heat loss. The body additionally shivers and the skeletal muscles rapidly relax and contract to produce more heat through respiration (Pitoni, Sinclair and Andrews, 2011, p. 119). The hairs on the skin also stand up to trap a layer of insulating warm air over the skin. Question 2The steroids hormones effect changes within cells when they first pass through the target cell’s cell membrane. Once inside the cell, the hormones bind to specific receptors that are present within the target cell’s cytoplasm. The steroid, bound to the receptor then travels to the nucleus
Assignment on Homeostasis (doc)_2
Homeostasis 3where it links with another receptor found in the chromatin. After binding to the chromatin, the hormone-receptor initiates the production of messenger RNA through a process known as transcription (Melmed, 2016, p. 42). The messenger RNA is then modified and transported to thecytoplasm where they code for the production of proteins through a process called translation. The target cells for protein and steroid hormones have specific receptors on their membranes or within the cells that enable them to respond to exposure. The extent to which a target cell is activated depends on several factors that include the levels of hormones present in the blood, the number of receptors for a particular hormone, and the affinity of the receptor to the hormone. This mechanism can be described by the picture below (Melmed, 2016, p. 43). Task 2The insulin hormone regulates blood glucose by allowing the cells of the body to absorb and use glucose thus reducing the level of blood glucose. Glucagon, on the other hand, stimulates the cells to release blood glucose into the bloodstream (D’Alessio, 2013, p. 59). At around 9:15 am, Mandy takes sweet biscuits with coffee. This food is digested and converted into glucose that is sent into the bloodstream thus raising the level of blood glucose. As a result, insulin hormone is produced by the pancreas that stimulates the body cells to absorb glucose, some of which is used as energy while excess is stored in form of glycogen (Thorens, 2011, p. 83). By around 2:00 pm,
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