Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality Industry

This report assesses the factors that influence consumer attitudes and behavior in the hospitality industry, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also examines the challenges in delivering quality service to meet consumer expectations. The impact of digital technology on changing consumer trends and its effect on the hospitality industry is discussed, along with an examination of the stages of consumer decision making and the development of a purchasing map for hospitality services.

HOSPITALITY
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
AND INSIGHT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Assessment of factors which influence the attitudes and behaviour of consumers..........3
P2 Impact of digital technology on changing consumer trends and its effect on hospitality
industry...................................................................................................................................6
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................7
P3 Examination of stages of consumer decision making and developing a map for purchasing
in hospitality service...............................................................................................................7
P4 Significance of mapping consumer decision-making for marketers.................................9
TASK 3........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Comparison in decision making process of B2C and B2B.............................................10
P6 Evaluation of various approaches of market research for understanding decision making
procedure..............................................................................................................................13
TASK 4........................................................................................................................................14
P7 Evaluation of impact of marketers on hospitality decision making procedure...............14
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Consumer decision making is the process which includes various steps in order for
making a purchase and similarly this theory goes the same for hospitality industry as in this
context this process includes taking decision about hospitality services. Within this the first step
is to understand the need of services and it ends with post purchase evaluation. This report is
prepared in order to understand the entire concepts of hospitality consumer behaviour and their
insights within background of Intercontinental hotel group. Intercontinental hotel group is a
British hotel chain having their operation in more than 100 countries and headquartered in UK.
This report includesB2B and B2C decisions and impact of latest technology in buying decision
of customers. This report includes assessment of factors which are having high impact on
consumer behaviour within hospitality industry (Jauhari, V. ed., 2017).
TASK 1
P1 Assessment of factors which influence the attitudes and behaviour of consumers
Consumer behaviour is stated as the examination of study within individuals and
population in business and those are having direct implications towards selling of product and
services in order to satisfy needs of customer and society. In environment there are various
factors which are having high impact on behaviour of consumer, these are discussed as under:
Cultural factors: These factors are associated with social class, sub culture and various
cultural perceptions. In order to determine purchasing behaviour of customer these factors are
having essential roles. Culture is known to be a set of norms and attitude and their beliefs which
are helpful in shaping a product. This factors are included in habits of the consumers as well as.
For instance Intercontinental hotel group is discovering language, value and beliefs of their
customer in order to set up their services in new segment of marketplace in order to avoid any
language barrier and misconception within customers (Kim and Jeong, 2018). These factors are
having prominent role in buying behaviour of customer as with the help of upholding this factor
more customer can be attracted and by this customer may provide value to the business if their
beliefs and culture are being valued. Furthermore these factors are having high impact on
buying behaviour as in every country cultural values are varied and these are impacting their

decision for taking services within hospitality sector. On the other hand on customer attitude
cultural factors are providing lot of impact as for every culture attitude and beliefs are different
which is directly impacting buying behaviour of customer.
Social factors: Within this income, social class, education and many more factors are
included that explains various factors in group of society. It is differentiated in language, leisure
time preferences, outfits and many more characteristics. In context of Intercontinental hotel
group, social factors are considered to be prominent as on the basis of these factors offers and
discounts are released in order to obtain positive brand image from customers. These factors
plays essential role in buying behaviour of customer as in when Intercontinental is highly
focused on societal needs of their customer and social factors then this may provide positive
implications on buying behaviour. Similarly this factor is having high impact on attitude of
customer as when social needs are satisfied by the company positive buying attitude is drawn
by the customer. This resultantly provides high coverage over customer and leads to high
profitability as well.
Personal factors: This is known to be the essential factor within consumer behaviour
such as age, business, financial situations, style of living and personality. In order to alter
objective of customer these factors are essential. In context of Intercontinental hotel group
personal factors are considered at priority level as they have impact on the buying power of the
customer and by considering them the management of the hotel can ensure services as per their
affordability. These factors are directly associated with buying behaviour of customer as these
are those factors in which ultimate level of satisfaction can be given to customer which can
mould up their buying behaviour to positive sight. Every person is laced with self perception
and attributes which is linked with attitude of them and this is having direct impact on their
buying behaviour. As Intercontinental hotel group is rendering high end services to their
customer which is setting positive attitude for their customer in making positive buying
decision.
Psychological factors: These factors include motivation, experiences, learning,
attitudes and many more. Based on past experience of customer the management of hotel offer
services to their clients as it enables them to identify the attitude and the perception of the
customers regarding their services. In the context of Intercontinental hotel group within this

factor depth analysis is performed in order to understand buying behaviour of customer and to
understand market trends as well. These factors have capabilities to alter buying behaviour of
customer as these are related to personal needs of customer which can be fulfilled by taking in
mind psychological factors associated with Intercontinental group and their customer as well.
These are the attributes which are linked with minds of customer so these are impacting buying
decisions of customer in prominent manner. For Intercontinental hotel group these factors are
inclined towards positive attitude of their customer and lead to positively affect their buying
behaviour.
Challenges in delivering quality service to satisfy consumer expectations
Within the modern world this is very problematic for marketing manager to attract
customer and compete with their rivals as well. In current competitive world customer service is
playing one of the most prominent roles in order to achieve high sales and profit by their
services in marketplace (Kandampully, Zhang and Jaakkola, 2018). In order to become market
leader in their industry of services there are various challenges which are faced by them, they
are elaborated as under:
Understanding expectations of customers: This is highly important to understand taste
and expectations of customer in effective manner so as to enhance sales and profitability of the
business. In the context of Intercontinental hotel group, they are making robust strategy in order
to understand changing expectations of their customer and establish high end communication
with them so as to place their strategy.
Exceeding expectations of customer: In this modern era it is not efficient to recognise
customer expectations only; it is highly required by the business to deal competitors in most
effective manner so as to sustain in the market. In order to deal with this challenge
Intercontinental hotel group is taking suggestions from their customers in regular manner so as
to acquire new trends in hospitality industry and to cop up with market demands in considerable
way.
Consistency: It is crucial to have this service within the hospitality organisation in such
a manner that the customers can be provided better services in context of solving the issues
faced by them but they have to issues in context of availability of the staff all the time.

P2 Impact of digital technology on changing consumer trends and its effect on hospitality
industry
Digital technology has made customers more attentive and aggressive towards their
selection of product and services from the marketplace. Major impact of this factor is clearly
understood by the following factors:
Change in customer behaviour: Customer who prefers to book their services by using
online platform may have access to online portals in order to access various information’s and
opts for the services they want to (Xiang and et. al., 2017). By using digital marketing channels
content can be posted online by Intercontinental hotel group in order to attract more customers
and enhance their market share accordingly.
Rise in customer's expectation: With the help of digital technology business is having
enhanced functioning in way of performing their business operations on online platform and
occurring low cost and cheap resources. By introducing long product lines businesses get
entered into online market as at that platform high range of competition exists. Due to
availability of large customers their expectations are also increased due to which
Intercontinental hotel group is required to innovate their offerings so as to maintain their
distinct market position (Straker and Wrigley, 2016).
Increase in accessibility of information: In order to assist their customer in prominent
manner technology can be used by business in apt manner as these technologies are helpful in
gathering required information. In recent times visiting number of customer has increased on
online platform which is having high implications on buying behaviour of customers and their
decision as well.
Emerging consumer trends and their effect on hospitality industry: -
Tech explosion: Consumer nowadays expect more as well as efficient services because
of better knowledge and are technology oriented which makes them highly friendly in using
several apps in appropriate manner by using their phones and computers. In the context of
Intercontinental hotel group this trend is having high impact on their information as they are
required to update their information and content on online media on timely basis so as to stay
updated.

Increased importance of health and wellness: In current scenario customer are highly
possessed about their health and wellness which makes them highly oriented towards healthy
habits and dealing with health issues in apt manner. In the context of Intercontinental hotel
group, for this they are having various services such as spa, yoga, exercise equipment and
various health related programs in their hotel in order to take care of health related issues of
customer.
TASK 2
P3 Examination of stages of consumer decision making and developing a map for purchasing in
hospitality service.
There are multiple factors in general influencing and driving a consumers buying decision.
Major driver for consumers buying decision process are rational and irrational factors, emotion
of customers and economy itself. Even the mind state of customers encourages and discourages
the consumer to invest in something or from buying something like his motivation factors,
knowledge, perception, experiences and personality and preferences. Intercontinental hotel
group might be able to understand the customer mindset of spending through this process and
make the changes accordingly.
The decision making process of consumer goes through following stages: -
Pre-purchase: - This stage includes developing satisfaction goals i.e. identifying and
developing the requirements of specific needs that would attain satisfaction to consumer.
Within this stage management of Intercontinental is going to recognise buying behaviour and
needs of the customers as well as their expectation in term of services that they have to satisfy.
Need Recognition: - This stage includes identification and establishment of needs by the
consumers. They identify the motive of their need and purchase and according to they decide
their requirements. This stage might be driven by internal or external information. Within this
stage manager of Intercontinental determine the factors that motivate the customers in
rendering better services to the customers as per their expectations.

Searching and Gathering Information: - Once consumer identifies their final needs, they go
through this stage i.e. search various options and gather information from multiple sources
regarding the goods and services to be attained. Source of data can be various known sources
such as blogs, sites, news, media, radio and any other mode of communication (Mariani,
Borghi and Kazakov, 2019). Within this stage various information are gathered in respect of
their offerings and customer satisfaction by manager of Intercontinental.
Evaluating the Alternatives: - Once Consumer gets the required information and alternatives
for their desired need of goods and services they comes to a stage of evaluating those
alternatives. They have analysed the pros and cons of every alternative and make the effective
decision on what service or good to be procured and through which vendor or organization.
Under this stage Intercontinental is performing evaluation of alternatives so as to bring
effectiveness in their decisions.
Purchase: - Once the consumer identifies the final product to be purchase or service to be
availed to satisfy their needs next stage, which comes, is accomplishing purchase of that
product or service. It eludes choosing the product or service, brand, budget and timing of
purchase. This stage is proven to be beneficial for Intercontinental as in this customer gets
inclined to their brand and purchases their product and services.
Receiving: - Once the goods are purchased, the next stage is to actual receipt of those goods or
services. In this receipt of services are given to customer so as to provide them proof of
acknowledgement.
Post-Purchase Evaluation: - After the receipt of commodity or service consumer evaluates if
the purchase is in the expected form and it satisfies all the desired needs and resolves motives
of purchase. This stage is evaluation of satisfaction level of consumer and make sure that
product purchase worth is the purchase price expended. Within the last stage feedback is
obtained by customer so as to later their services in such a manner that it could give more
customer satisfaction to them.
Level of Consumer Decision Making: -

Consumer decision making can be majorly categorized into three levels. They are explained as
under: -
Extensive Problem Solving: - Consumers invests high amount of time in critically evaluating
this type of needs from various sources of information and available customer experiences and
select the best-suited commodity or service to satisfy their needs. With the help of this the
customers select the hotel that can satisfy their needs of comfortable accommodation, better
quality of the food, ambience etc. For IHG within this step they are making their services highly
differentiable so that they can satisfy needs of their customers in profitable manner.
Limited Problem Solving: - Amount of effort devoted for this is less as compared to above
level. They simply evaluate and research the several brands available in market and select the
one solving their basic needs. The problem while selecting the hotel is limited for open area,
activity zone etc. which has to be considered by the Intercontinental hotel group. By
considering these factors IHG is comparing their performance with other market rivals and
meeting basic needs of their customer's.
Routine Response Behaviour: - Consumers possessing this behaviour simply purchase the
required goods and services of any available brand from the store regularly visited by them to
get their primary requirements fulfilled. The amount of time spent on this very less as compared
to other needs. The quality of the food and other meals within the hotel comes under this
category which has to be managed by the Intercontinental hotel group. Within this IHG is
making effective use of their resources and keeping high emphasis on food and beverage sector
in order to obtain positive buying decision from their customers.
For the purpose of getting support over path various manners are prepared by marketer these are
elaborated as under:
 This is providing access to the marketer for recognising needs and expectations of
customer in prominent manner so that services by IHG can be modified in such a
manner that this would lead in making positive buying decisions.
 This is supporting marketer in analysing market segment in order to make small groups
of identifying needs in which this can be controlled as well. For IHG this path is making
them to achieved needs and satisfaction level of customer and to positively incline their
buying decisions.

 This is assisting the company to tool and techniques those are helpful in eliminating risk
for them. For IHG, this path is impacting buying behaviour of customer in prominent
manner.
P4 Significance of mapping consumer decision-making for marketers.
Consumer needs are always regarded of significant importance at every stage of marketing
process. Identification of these needs enables organization to attain customer satisfaction. These
needs are the ones driving and influencing the demand and supply of products and services. For
Intercontinental, service of luxurious rooms and food is considered as vital asset of their
offerings and business management and it is the one generally availed to and utilized by
consumers. It is important for the marketing department to map and evaluate all their decisions
properly with consumer needs and requirements globally so that maximum consumer
satisfaction can be achieved. The information gathered on consumer preferences and needs
which research and source extraction assist the Intercontinental hotel group in identifying the
changes required in their services offered, implement, and do decision making on it
(Gbadamosi, 2017). This mapping of consumer needs with decision-making helps organization
in effective decision-making and strategies. Following are some of the factors that are covered
in entire purchasing journey of customer:-
Pre-purchase: - It is the primary and initial element in which customer has to evaluate his
needs and discover the need of purchasing the commodity, advantages and benefits of same
and all other factors that might impact or affect the decision to purchase the goods and
service to availed. Intercontinental hotel group hotel can focus on its marketing and provide
consumer with various communication channels helping them to collect and gather all the
necessary information that might help them in pre-purchase stage.
Purchase: - This stage is actual purchase of commodity or service by customers and then
they assess all the advantages of that purchase and discovers past experiences of past users of
same product. Intercontinental hotel group limited can prepare an effective marketing
strategy to attract large base of customers.
Receive: - This includes delivery of goods to customers. At this point loyalty of customers
can be gained by Intercontinental hotel group hotels by fulfilling the customer requirements

and satisfying their needs and requirements. An effective feedback process can gather
information of satisfaction level of customer.
Post Purchase: - At this stage consumer had already used the product and service and now
they evaluate if this was in actual as per their needs developed at pre-purchase stage and to
decide if they are really intending to purchase this back again anytime in future.
TASK 3
P5 Comparison in decision making process of B2C and B2B.
B2B marketing includes those marketing practices which are utilised in businesses.
Whereas B2C marketing is referred as those marketing practices which are used by businesses
for their customers. Every marketer is having specific purpose in order to get their entry within
some market segment whether it could be to capture high market size or to earn profit or may be
to cater customer in most effective manner. B2C and B2B concept is different from each other
as they are used for way different purpose. The differentiations between these two activities are
elaborated as under:
Decision making process B2C B2B
Recognising need After identification of needs
by customer their process of
buying takes place. All the
requirements of customer are
highly practical in nature for
instance in order to learn and
get education need of
computer is highly acceptable.
In order to impalement
organisational strategy in
effective manner businesses
are required to understand
needs of their customer and
initiate their buying process.
For instance: in order to
enhance stock ordering
activities computer parts are
required to be purchased. Also
they need to determine the
corporate need as they
organiser various activities or

events for them (Zhang and
et. al., 2018)
Collection of information Within this stage various
information regarding
computer and its variants
available within marketplace
are collected by customer. This
is helpful for them to initiate
their buying process in respect
of their needs.
Within this stage various
information regarding
authentic sources of computer
parts are collected by
businessman in order to initiate
buying process of computer
parts.
Identify the options Within this stage various
options are explored by
customer in by which they can
make their purchase and
satisfy need of computer.
Within this all the market
options are recognised by
businessman so as to make
appropriate decision regarding
purchase of computer parts.
Comparing alternatives In this stage various factors are
compared by customer such as
cost, needs, quality and
provided benefits from all the
available computers in the
market. With the help of
online reviews this activity can
take place in effective manner.
In this stage purchase manager
compares all the equipment
which are present in the
market of all brands.
Comparison can be on the
basis of cost, quality, budget
and durability.
Select among various
alternatives
Within this stage the most
suitable product is being
selected by customer out of all
the alternatives available to
them.
Similarly in this stage
computer equipment is chosen
by business out of all the
alternatives and on the major
aspect which fits in their stock
ordering process.

Execute the purchase In this stage after having deep
conversation with their friends
and family customer finally
opts to but computer. In this
only one person are having
high implications on altering
decision of final judgement of
purchasing decision of
customer. (Hlee, Lee and Koo,
2018)
In this stage final decision is
made by the business in
buying computer equipment.
This stage is time consuming
as decision is framed by
collectively committee.
Evaluating the results In this stage feedbacks are
provided by customers if their
purchased product doesn’t
fulfil their requirements.
Within this direct complaints
can be made to seller about
their dissatisfaction by using
social media as mediator.
In this stage, if businesses face
any problem in product then
this can be resolved by
communicating to supplier in
direct manner.
From the above discussion this can be concluded that B2B and B2C is having high
differentiation from the view point of hospitality industry. In B2B corporate needs are identified
on the other hand in B2C customer needs are identified by IHG in order to incline their attitude
towards buying decisions. Similarly for B2B tools are arranged in which enhancement in
business processes can be enumerated whereas for B2C tools are arranged in order to meet
customer needs in prominent manner.
P6 Evaluation of various approaches of market research for understanding decision making
procedure.
Decision making of consumer is a process in which most relevant product is selected by
them out of numbers of alternative. In this world of high competition this is required by
Intercontinental hotel group that they understand process of decision making at prominent

manner so as to attract large number of customer for their offering and to enhance their selling
process. After application of various theories these tasks can be easily executed by marketer.
These business activities are elaborated as under:
Economic view model: This model presumes those customers are rational identity
therefore all the logics are taken in mind by them within buying decision. Various products are
differentiated by them according to obtained advantages and disadvantages. At last after
gathering all the information conclusion is drawn by them. Customer is having immense ability
to rank various commodities as according to their needs, prices and quality. This model
inculcates existence of perfect competition in the marketplace.
Cognitive view model: This is known as the best model across all the models in decision
making of customer. This theory states that spending decision is based on rational and
individuals needs not as per shown advertisements. This model assumes that in order to attain
satisfaction from the commodity individual plans are required to be made. For every hospitality
business marketer is focused in enhancing their skills so that they can use the same in altering
decisions and obtaining quick decisions from customers. (Chen and et. al., 2017)
Passive view model: This theory is based on the fact that buying behaviour of customer
is dependent on selling, marketing and promotional efforts put by business and this helps them
to drive sales of their offerings in considerable way. This model is having various points of
view which are contrast in nature. In the first model it assumes that consumer is having full-
fledged power of their buying decisions. This theory is related to B2C marketing activities but
at the same time in this customer is unaware about product specification and advantages so this
can be easily manipulated by marketer.
For market research there are two methods which can be used by a marketer or
researcher in order to analyse their research topic. For IHG they can use two methods for the
same which are elaborated as under:
Primary research: Under this type of research data is being collected with the help of primary
sources by which direct interaction is drawn by respondents such as questionnaires and many
more. This method is helpful for IHG in taking out accurate results from their respondents and
at the same time this is time taking and costly.

Secondary research: This research is drawn with the help of secondary sources such as
magazines, journals, articles and many more. With the help of this IHG can analyse their market
prominence and customer buying behaviour. This method consumes less time and
comparatively less cost as well.
TASK 4
P7 Evaluation of impact of marketers on hospitality decision making procedure.
In the market area customer is having their own power to make purchases. So businesses
are required to adopt various techniques in which behavioural feature of customer can be taken
care of. There are numerous factors through which marketers can affect the stages of decision
making process of buyer. Intercontinental hotel group can make use of following models and
approaches to stimulus the decision-making process of customers:
Cognitive learning: In cognitive learning idea about recent trends are enumerated by
marketer in respect of customer. In this data companies are framing various strategies so as to
pull out potential customer form the marketplace in order to provide positive image of the
brand. This will assist them to receive competitive edge in the marketplace and high power to
survive in complex market situation. This aspect is creating high efforts to learn regarding ways
of pulling customers by IHG which may lead them to impact buying behaviour of customer in
prominent manner.
Perception: In this various perception are studied within international market which is
associated with numerous goods. Within hospitality industry the major focus of marketer is to
enhance their brand image within marketplace. Perception is having high implications on
buying behaviour and determining sales target which could be attained by robust strategies. In
market perception is having immense opportunities to attract customer and to make sales
activities at prominent level. (Gebbels, Pantelidis and Goss-Turner, 2019). For IHG this aspect
is highly essential as with this market perception is set by them within their customer which
resultantly leads them to face positive buying behaviour of their customer's.
Behavioural theory: This theory is having positive implications on enhancing
purchasing behaviour of customer which may mould their decision making process. This

includes various elements in which interaction with customer can be performed which is
necessary to persuade them for business offerings and to meet their needs and objective in apt
manner.
For example: with the help of these theories the marketer identifies the requirement of
customers in context of accommodation, customised services, prices within which they can
provide all these services and this can be done by extensive market research.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that consumer behaviour is having high
responsibility in making activities of selling and purchasing. In business marketing department
is having high implications on changing market conditions and introduction of new product and
fixation of prices within marketplace. This is having high significance in generation of demand
and satisfying the same with appropriate business offerings. This is helpful in enhancing overall
productivity and profitability as well. The behaviour and perception of individuals are affected
by numerous factors such as psychological, cultural and social being. Digital technology has
increased the expenditure, expectations and qualitative demands of customers with every
industry.

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