Hospitality and Tourism Literature Review

This assignment requires a comprehensive review of academic literature related to hospitality and tourism. It includes a variety of sources such as journal articles, books, and conference proceedings covering diverse topics like talent management, service experience, tourism education, regional development, supplier geography, industry segments, mentoring in the sector, electronic word-of-mouth marketing, sustainable hotel building, and collaborative approaches in the care hotel industry. Students are expected to analyze and synthesize this information to demonstrate a thorough understanding of current research trends and debates within the field.

Hospitality Provision in travel
and tourism sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism businesses Hospitality
................................................................................................................................................1
2.1 The implications of integration to the hospitality industry..............................................4
2.2 Integration has affected a hospitality business.................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Develop a rationale for a PKF restaurant :.......................................................................5
3.2 Development plan for hospitality sector...........................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality Manufacture the welcome industry and other component associated with it
are obdurate. The interrelation of the hospitality precondition with the travel and commercial
enterprise sector has been obstinate along with other antithetical construct of the welcome
provisions. Express of different integration plan of action along with the kind of the group action
are obstinate (Litvin, 2018). The personal effects of different kind of group action on the cordial
reception sector are also known. The report is based on PKF hotel. This is located in United
Kingdom and focus on internal department management. Further, it covered development plan
for future development of hotel industry. On the other hand, tourism which combines residents
travelling in some other country. Domestic and international both can be described as parts of
tourism.
PKF :- PKF was the innovator in hotel consulting. The section of the Uniform System of
Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) in 1927, marks the opening of the firm's dedicated
hospitality consultative activities, backed by elaborate fiscal surveys and relevant standard
services tailor-made for a globally rising commercial enterprise.
TASK 1
1.1 Interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism businesses Hospitality
Hospitality is just the maintaining guest relations, customer relationships and improving
customer relations. It can be defined as maintaining a healthy reception and treating guests and
strangers by providing a friendly environment. It is a generous and warm way of treating guests.
The fields included in hospitality is cruise ships, amusement parks, restaurants, hotels,
convention centres etc (Sheehan, 2018). Overlapping the catering industry with the hospitality
industry, major food services are provided to the above institutions and also to the private parties
and ptivate industries. Many basic operations are there like industry challenges, running trends
like food service, spas, casinos etc. It depends on Disposable time and leisure time. Vacancy rate
is an important variable factor in this industry. Hospitality players find advantage in the old
locations only. It is also important to have direct contact with the customers. A competitive
advantage lies in authenticity, professionalism and actual concern of the customers which is
communicated by the organisation. It includes everything from small sofa bed to large star rated
hotels.
Travel & Tourism Industry:
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Travelling is something moving geagraphically at different locations, for any pleasure or
for any work purpose. He key concept in tourism and travel includes area in which a person
carries his/her regular routine life. Mainly it is accommodating, attraction of tourists and
business of regulating tours. Tourism have parts i.e. international and inside the traveller's
country. A person becomes travel agent by graduating in travel and tourism.It is an important
source of generating income for various regions and countries. It also brings a huge amount of
income to local economy and directly affects the cultural, economic, social and environmental
sectors f the country. UN has described 3 types of tourism Domestic tourism which includes
residents of its own country travelling in the same country. Inbound tourism which involves non
residential people travelling in a particular country and Outbound tourism which combines
residents travelling in some other country. Domestic and international both can be described as
parts of tourism.
Hospitality and tourism creates a base for a strong economy to grow and helps other industries in
the field of tourism and travel sector. Planes, buses, cabs are part of travel industry . On the other
side companies, travel agencies, convention planners, tour operators are a part tourism sector.
PKF hotel has a high quality of catering activities, food shops, In-house catering , Licensed
clubs, fair organizer's activities and exhibition and other varieties of food services. Hospitality is
a part or a section of tourist service.
Hospitality and tourism has closed the gap of the countries suffering from trade balances.
PKF is a hotel which has introduced services like breakfast, beds, inn. A well known company
Marriot serves the good price and service levels. It is marked as a segment of market and has its
own luxury group of hotels and restaurants (Sheehan, 2018). Institutional buyers, domestic
visitors, and international visitors can be judged as the customers of this industry.
PKF hotel provides two types of services i.e. accommodation and dining services.
Similarities between Hospitality and Travel & Tourism
There are some common attributes which hospitality and tourism sector share between
them. These include hotels, restaurants, pubs bars and night clubs, events, membership clubs,
contracts of food service providers, visitor attractions, gambling and many more. Hospitality and
tourism industries are somehow identical only (Giaoutzi, 2017). Customer service with their staff
is an integral part in the hospitality management in today's era. It is an intangible component and
experience of feeling of get valued. It includes better understanding of workplace, better
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understanding of workplace, confidence, increased participation, increased morale. Exceeding
Employee's satisfaction and expectation in this industry is the essential part. Happiness can be
spread amongst the employees to guests of the business. By keeping the staff happy a nice era
and atmosphere is generated which makes them feel more feel, thus gives better experience. First
step never to neglect is to greet customers which one must master and should not be taken up
lightly. For eg. If a queue on a reception is there , then a furniture and a glass of drink can be
offered to a customer.
Differences between Hospitality and Travel & Tourism
Main difference between hospitality and tourism refers to where these individuals work
and these persons work mainly in motels, hotels, and resorts. An intangible act of handling a
service including the hotel industry and providing accommodation and shelter. A visitor always
want to be appreciated, respected, recognised and validated. Good services can be provided by
measuring customer mood, judging customer's needs, improving customer's loyalty and getting
feedback is the crucial part of customer service in the hospitality industry (Giaoutzi, 2017).
Loyalty in the customer can be brought through satisfaction which plays an important role in the
businesses. Vi Travel and tourism sector provides services publicly through suppliers like
airlines, railways, cruise lines, car rentals, hotels, package tours and travel insurance. It is
dynamically most economic sector as it emphasize its contribution to employment and promote
foreign exchange.
Travel and tourism related services includes services given by hotels and resorts, tour operators
services, guide services, travel agencies and other related services. Tourism includes
Transportation, recreation, accommodation, shopping, provision of foreign currency and
insurance.
IMPACT OF TRAVEL ON SOCIETY, CULTURE,ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY
Tourism is one of the vital part of global economy. Economically, tourism has given
employment, thus generated jobs and wealth. But the money has leaked from the society and the
jobs are of low income. From Socio-cultural way, tourism has brought people together from all
around the world belonging from different background, traditions and cultures and has made
environment more peaceful. And tourist are finding more opportunities attach with nature,
culture stereotypes about nature and are more expressive of human interaction with nature.
QUALITY OF CUSTOMER SERVICE
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Excellent and satisfactory customer service plays crucial role in the hospitality industry.
It creates great impression for its establishment. Memorable experience, chasing customer
expectations and an energetic service are the core features of any industry. To keep customer
happy remember to be realistic and deliver the promise made. Which helps in the repetition of
business. And these happy customer will only become loyal customers. One should never forget
that customers are the important part of the successful business. Complete focus should be made
on them.
2.1 The implications of integration to the hospitality industry
A complete control over one or more stages in the distribution o production of a product
which is also a competitive strategy is known as vertical integration. Any company chooses for
vertical integration for the surety of complete control over the supply of raw materials to
manufacture. Companies also uses another strategy known as horizontal integration. It is an
academic definition which is acquiring the business activities in similar industries following the
same value chain. Vertical integration integrates with the distribution channels that carry its
goods to the final consumers and combines the units supplying raw materials to it. Takeover of
Starwood Hotel & Resorts by Marriot International is a kind of integration. Judicious mix of
backward and forward integration strategies is a kind of vertical integration which is known as
balanced integration. When prices of raw materials waves , distributors and suppliers start
earning high rate of margins, when company grows subsequently, or when the present supplier of
the company's raw material is unreliable then vertical integration for a business becomes
attractive.
Horizontal integration is a acquiring company's business of a similar business to grow in size or
capacity but it may also go for takeover or merge to achieve economies of scale or product
variability, to rise markets, to enter new markets and to reduce risks and competition. When the
growth of the industry is increased when rivalries have deficiency in the expertise in which the
company has already achieved,when economies of scale can be gained then the horizontal
integration becomes attractive.
Constant pressure has existed in the hotel industry from the shareholders. Companies
entering into businesses signifies that globally travel & tourism companies extend from beyond
their core expertise. They all are capital intensive proven and are more concerned for creating
investment concerns .Collaborations between the innovative brands operating in different
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industries are also moulding hospitality and tourism industries. For eg. 2015 France's Accor
Hotels bought Toronto based parent company of the luxury Fairmont and Swissotel brands,
International Hotels Group acquired Kimptom Hotels and Restaurants are some of the examples.
Operational efficiency has increased as well as more more value for customers has been created.
Service innovations gives ways to create and convey more values to customers through
processes or technology. Newtypes of customer experiences have emerged due to innovations.
There are new entrants which offers innovative hopitality and tourism services and have
challenged incumbent services providers
Identifying areas for improvement and evaluating current benefits should be done.
Examining which areas require better improvement so that future programs can be done easily.
Taking a review of the infrastructure of system and assessing its capabilities, enhancing by
implementation such as reporting, single claim intake or integrated case management.
Developing a clear implementation plan providing enough time for internal and external
changes. Purchasing of raw material requires the perfect evaluation of efficiency , identifying
suppliers, prompt payment , ensuring cost-effectiveness and speed by terminating unnecessary
steps , supplier's selection of goods and inventory control and e-business, maesuring
performance, generating contarct order, receipt of service or material. Purchasing of raw material
includes determination of specific service and goods. Selection of appropriate
2.2 Integration has affected a hospitality business
In this context, to be focus on some factor is give the direct impact on Finished the
consolidation plan of action the welcome sector has been hold over their human relationship
among the assorted arrange within welcome sector. Within the welcome sector the unwavering
of the integrating has been improving as the grouping are Lord the end and the destinations are
come popular among the travelling (Prebežac,2016.). On the other hand, Desegregation in
antithetical dealing is businesslike for the happening of the circuit and travel commercial
enterprise as well as hospitality proviso. In vertical integrating organize are doing business
concern under the single pull off. In the flat integration the enterprise trading operations has been
supply under antithetic indefinite quantity.
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TASK 3
3.1 Develop a rationale for a PKF restaurant :
Rational development in hospitality business is a complex process. It can be understand by
following points :
 IDEA : The plan to develop a rationale in PKF restaurant business would be to launch or
open a business which will be a combination of hotel and restaurant. This business would
be launch at tourist location in UK. UK is a world's number one fastest growing tourist
destination because of the attractive tourist point. A huge number of people are coming to
the UK every year. It means there is a great opportunity to do a business. But the main
factor is there is a highest level of competition exist. The plan regard to develop a rational
would be to concern or focus on the middle class family. This is because middle class
family can not afford luxurious service given by competitive market. The main aim in
this process is to give the best service in the best budget with the best possible offers to
the middle class family visiting the UK tourist destination. Other idea would be to expand
the business in geographical areas as well. To develop a rational will require a higher
range of market research(Gibson, 2017. ).
 Market research : the process of market research is necessary before opening any
business. Market research can be done through many techniques such as primary research
and secondary research. Market research is done to identify the customer's need and
preferences. It can be done through questionnaires or direct interview of those people
who will buy the product or service. These information helps in to strategy of making
product and development of a product. The best techniques of market research would be
sampling method. The sample size would be 1000 tourists.
 Target market : the target market in this process will be the middle class family who are
not able to afford luxurious offers and high package deals. Target segments would be
tourists from all the ages but especially those members who are looking for the affordable
packages(Prebežac, Schott and Sheldon,2016.).
 Size of the business : as per the target market and market research, the size of a business
would be at least around 100 rooms with AC and NON AC facilities. With providing the
facilities of accommodation and food and lodging.
 Investment : the size and amount of investment will be depend on the size of business.
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 Licensing : all the things which should be done in opening a new business of PKF
restaurant in any location must be in legal manner. All the legal formalities would be
accomplish for runs a smooth business. Legal requirements depends upon the location in
which business is going to start(Giaoutzi, 2017. ).
Marketing research and size of a business are important factor in develop a rational. Market
research is necessary to find out all the information and opportunities available in the
competitive market. Target market should be different from other company's target market. If a
target market will be the same then a new business can not be maintain its position in the
market(Gibson, 2017.).
3.2 Development plan for hospitality sector
In this context, to be focus on hospitality sector of development plan is help top improve
the current market position and improve the growth rate of organisation. The organisational
structure are need to be consider the development plan are to be followed :-
 Development stage ;- In this development stage is to be focus on business general idea
buttocks the new labour is the enlargement of the business organisation. The clinical of
the new undertaking are to pursue the accomplishment and ability for achieving the
undertaking content and the content behind these clinical are to topographic point itself in
a beneficial place within the competitors' activity. The market research is help to improve
the current market sector. On the other hand, location of the hotel is based on the overall
development of organisation. The overall profit will be depend on the location and target
customer in organisation. This is help the segmentation is used to choose the target
market. In addition, funding is important to enlarge the market and Banks and the person
can be attack for monetary fund.
 For designing the PKF hotel one must consider various aspects of designing so that it
may be built in such an effective manner, covering all the features that mist be included
in a plan for a successful designing of hotel. First feature can be ambience which must be
created in such a way that it can affect the mood of the customer and makes a positive
atmosphere in the surrounding. Ambience must be that effective which should create a
unique sensory experience in the mind of a customer. A hotel must reflect its working
culture to the visitors to create the positive impact so that they might get impressed by
every employee and provide a good feedback which would be beneficial in the market. A
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cooperative culture among the staff of a hotel creates a peaceful environment which is
preferred by every customer who wants to avail services from particular hotel. After these
aspects there comes the exterior and interior designing of the hotel, interior designing
should be very extra ordinary as it can be considered as the unique selling proposition
apart from the quality of services; interior should be made in consideration that it must
create a fresh and relaxing vibe for every visitor who comes after travelling. The exterior
of the hotel must be made with energetic colours and a symmetrical designing which can
create a good first impression in the mindset who watches the building at a first glance.
Exterior of the hotel must be the most highlighting factor (Bossen and Grönvall, 2015,).
Hotel should create its brand with certain promotional activities which can include
advertisement on hoardings, social media and even broadcasting it on radios and
television with exciting offers for customers, this will lead to provide them a great
recognition. All the marketing mix of the hotel should be linked to the target market
which comprises of those customer segments which are targeted which can be based on
various demographical factors. Several pricing strategies should be made that targets
different groups of customers and can attract maximum of them and providing them
enough profit to sustain in a market. Hotel should be designed in such a way that it meets
every need of the different type of customers which will provide them a benefit over
other competitors which are providing similar kind of services. PKF hotel should
consider various factors such as concept of sustainability along with the hiring of
candidates with specialist qualification to provide the best services to the customers.
Staffing should be based on the functionality aspect which would lead to recruit exact
amount of right individuals for the position. Various recruitment policies and procedures
should be made that protects the rights of employees and also provide a them a good
working environment where they can work with a great ease and would provide a quality
service. There is also another important factor that must be taken in consideration which
includes compliance with the legislation as it would provide the smooth working of the
hotel in the market (Mousavi, 2017).
CONCLUSION
Form the above report is focus on PKF hotel. This is located in United Kingdom and
focus on internal department management. Further, it covered development plan for future
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development of hotel industry. As per the above report is overlapping the catering industry with
the hospitality industry, major food services are provided to the above institutions and also to the
private parties and ptivate industries. Many basic operations are there like industry challenges,
running trends like food service, spas, casinos etc. From the above direct interview of those
people who will buy the product or service. These information helps in to strategy of making
product and development of a product. As per the above report is focus on businesses signifies
that globally travel & tourism companies extend from beyond their core expertise. They all are
capital intensive proven and are more concerned for creating investment concerns .
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Gibson, P., 2017. 2 Talent Management in the Hospitality and Tourism Context. Talent
Management in Hospitality and Tourism, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited,
pp.17-31.
Manhas, P. S. and Tukamushaba, E.K., 2015. Understanding service experience and its impact
on brand image in hospitality sector. International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 45, pp.77-87.
Prebežac, D., Schott, C. and Sheldon, P. eds., 2016. The tourism education futures initiative:
Activating change in tourism education. Routledge.
Giaoutzi, M., 2017. Tourism and regional development: New pathways. Routledge.
Sheehan, M 2018. Strategic talent management: a macro and micro analysis of current issues in
hospitality and tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, (just-accepted),
pp.00-00.
Vanhove, N., 2017. The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge.
Gibson, P., 2017. 2 Talent Management in the Hospitality and Tourism Context. Talent
Management in Hospitality and Tourism, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited,
pp.17-31.
Salihoğlu, G. and Gezici, F., 2018. Geography of suppliers in the hospitality sector: The case of
Alanya. Tourism Management, 65, pp.41-54.
Lee, K.W. and Yuan, J.J., 2018. Hospitality and Tourism Industry Segments: Toward a New
Taxonomy. e-Review of Tourism Research, 14(1/2).
Sharples, L. and Marcon-Clarke, G., 2017. Collaborative approach to mentoring in the tourism
sector: Embracing new partners to enhance an industry programme. Tourism and
Hospitality Research, p.1467358417690435.
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Litvin, S.W 2018. A retrospective view of electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism
management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1),
pp.313-325.
Bossen, C. and Grönvall, E., 2015, February. Collaboration in-between: The care hotel and
designing for flexible use. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer
Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp. 1289-1301). ACM.
Mousavi, S.A., 2017. Designing a model for sustainable small-scale hotel building: a case of
North Cyprus. In Conference proceedings, 7th Advances in Hospitality & Tourism
Marketing & Management (AHTMM) Conference, Famagusta, Cyprus, 10-15 July
2017 (pp. 394-408). Eastern Mediterranean University and Washington State Universit
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