Literature Review Analysis for Hospitality and Tourism

This assignment requires a thorough analysis of literature reviews related to hospitality and tourism. It involves reviewing research papers on topics such as internet marketing research, publishing in tourism journals, and the contributions of economics to hospitality literature. The assignment also covers the impact of the Internet on travel and tourism, website evaluation studies, and social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. A comparative analysis of major online review platforms is also included. The analysis should provide insights into journal preferences, online review trends, and marketing challenges in the European and Mediterranean regions. The summary will be a detailed paragraph providing specific information about the assignment.

Hospitality Provision in
Travel & Tourism Sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Interrelationship between hospitality and travel and tourism business.................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Implications of integration to the hospitality industry...........................................................3
2.2 How integration has created impact hospitality business......................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Rationale for selected project with discuss decisions linked with the target marketplace....7
3.2 Develop a plan for hospitality business which involves operational requirement in the
business........................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality in the travel and tourism considered different rules' ans regulations. In this
aspect, products and services provided to customers to attract them with roles and
responsibilities. Hence, they are able to meet with desired goals to attain effectiveness.
Furthermore, it assists to identify satisfaction level of customers in the business so that activities
and targets could be deals in this perspective easily (Battour, Ismail and Awais, 2017). In order
to focus on the present report, it is based on the Marriott hotel which deals in hospitality
operations of the different aspects. In this regard, different types of goals and objectives
implemented at workplace to focus on the innovative and creative activities. In order to gain
insight information of the present report, it covers interrelationship between hospitality and
travel and tourism business. Furthermore, it considers implications of integration to the
hospitality industry. In addition to this, it integrates and create impact on hospitality enterprises.
At last, report discuss about the rationale for the selected project and take decisions with linked
target market.
TASK 1
1.1 Interrelationship between hospitality and travel and tourism business
In respect to deal with the hospitality and travel and tourism industry, there is positive
relationship exist. It assists to produce effective results through implement quality with low cost.
There are different ethical considerations includes in Marriott which helps to create brand image
of the company to look upon the customer requirement. Moreover, it describes excellent working
system to motivate and taking full part in the enterprise (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015).
With this regard, it is important to business to look upon the role towards travel and tourism so
that chosen business able to attain their desired results in the business. There are different types
of services rendered by the travellers which related with the industry operations and functions. It
implements different aspects of services such as airlines, accommodation, food facilities, etc. In
order to focus on the study, it has been seen that people are generally consider spending their
holidays for many reasons such as releasing stress, meeting with new people, etc. (Sun, Fong and
He, 2017).
In this way, people are also looking for the travel agent who provide them several
benefits with consider effective functioning. It will assist to look upon the different services that
1

assists to promote effectiveness in the business environment. In addition to this, different travel
and tourism businesses exist in UK. They are planning for the customers to provide them
airlines, accommodation, event, etc. This is one of the best sector who continuously grow
operations and functions in the different areas of the world (Sun, Fong and He, 2017). In this
regard, Marriott need to concentrate on the benefits and commit with the industries to ascertain
effective functioning. It helps to the country to attract customers on the basis of needs. In term of
segment, following activities has been design at workplace:
Segmentation Description to segment
Individual travellers In this aspect, mainly plan includes to consider
tour and prepare budget with passengers.
Corporate clients High demand implementation in tern of
accommodation
Group of members These types of clients have low demand in
term of standard rooms
Online travellers They generally stay at destination for only few
days so that booking facilities consider on
website
Walk in They have not any specific requirement
towards the travelling
MICE They possess creative demand for standard for
food, accommodation, hotels, etc.
In respect to develop effective results, Marriott need to implement different categories in
their functions and operations. For example, luxury, resort, city, etc. to attain desired results.
With the help of the conduct research, it has been identified that hospitality sector attain desired
results. It helps to increase customer’s satisfaction level (Sun, Fong and He, 2017). With this
regard, industry grows performances and effective outcomes in the business to make sure that
goods and services deliver with effective functioning.
2

Role of the selected hotel is developed with travel and tourism to make interrelationship
to increase profits. In this aspect, different facilities need to provide at workplace to customers to
deal with their requirement. It is the best way for Marriott to work on the accommodation, food,
entertainment, etc. Travel and tourism activities help to charge high to deliver effective results.
With the help of food and beverages system, delivery creates effective system in the business.
Hence, positive and negative impact could be reduced with considering systematic work
performance in the business environment. In addition to this, facilities develop to attain desired
results (Battour, Ismail and Awais, 2017). Travel and tourism business helps to attain more
desired activities at workplace that helps to focus on the entertainment activities as well. It will
focus on the different functions such as accommodation, food, etc. This is because; travel and
hospitality activities are interrelated with each other because they run together in every nation.
With consider innovative functions and operations, Marriott trying to target new customers so
that they are able to attain desired results and goals as well. In order to focus on the innovations
and creativity, they adding new features through they are able to gather customer attraction in the
business unit (Sun, Fong and He, 2017). It will assist to look upon the new features and goals of
the business. However, travel and tourism consider more effective system in their activities
through they are able to make certain creativity at workplace.
With the development the program of the business, the organisation able to implement
their activities and targets in successful manner. Therefore, it helps to deliver price to attain
effective results in the Marriott. Furthermore, positive and effective results will be attaining at
workplace which make concentration on the goals and objectives. Food and beverages need to
delivery that creates impact in positive and negative in the business (Mohammed, Guillet and
Law, 2015). There are different designs need to implement so that targets can implement in the
business.
TASK 2
2.1 Implications of integration to the hospitality industry
With this regard, hospitality industry requires dealing in different sector that create
relationship with travel and tourism. It is related with the hotel that work with different agent and
tour operators so that intermediates that promote different operations in the hospitality business
to attain more significant results. It is the best way to create systematic program to attain more
systematic program to attain targets and goals. With the help of different goals and objectives,
3

travel and tourism activities design to make sure that effectiveness attains at workplace through
consider systematic work performances (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015).
Integration of the travel and tourism activities in the business helps to get different
benefits at workplace of Marriott. This is because, with the effective functioning and goals, the
company able to make more targets and goals at workplace. It creates impact on the horizontal
and vertical integration in the hospitality business. From past year’s operations, it can be stated
that focused activities design to gain more profitability and systematic work performances as
well development of the business activities (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015).
In the travel and tourism activities, it has been seen that hospitality business develops
their operations and functions to focus and gain more profitability and outcomes in systematic
manner. From past several years’ operations, it has been seen that enterprise mainly creates
effective results which diminish source so that the company need to make their focus on the
development goals and targets. In respect to deal with the low operating cost, effective services
will be produced with implement different strategy. It is the successful operation and function
that integrate functions and operate business activities. Marriott need to set their new operations
with low cost strategy so that they are able to gain maximum customers at workplace. It can be
found to create interdependent on the beach areas of market. Therefore, hospitality and travel and
tourism business can attain marketing activities to perform several operations in the business unit
at workplace. It can be develop target market to set new activities and goals.
Integration of the method to produce effective results carry that assists to meet with the
agreement to develop attains effective purposes. Main intention behind implementation of this
strategy to attain more profits and revenue to reduce cost of operation at workplace. It will help
to gather relevant and effective results in the business. It increases market share for the business
environment and business (Battour, Ismail and Awais, 2017). In the hospitality sector, it has been
seen that integration travel and tourism activities helps to make systematic work performances in
the business. It will enhance growth in the market and develop opportunities to make successful
results at workplace. In this way, the company able to increase their market opportunities and
business gathering from different sources.
With the help of vertical integration, Marriott can integrate agreements to work on their
purposes and development. It will assist to fulfil business purposes that assist to reduce operation
cost and operate functions in new way. Furthermore, in the different groups, activities design to
4

follow creative results at workplace. In order to include operations with travel agents, cruises,
etc. the chosen business will able to create vertical integration in the business. Therefore, they
merge the activities and relate it with other businesses. Hence, it create impact on the such
activities of hospitality enterprise, so that value chain consider in effective manner at workplace.
In addition to this, it is also looking towards the maximisation of profits and revenue to focus on
the advantages (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). Furthermore, horizontal integration in the
chosen business maximise their profitability and revenue through attract more customers. As
results, they are able to accomplish desired economic growth in the business. In addition to this,
integration and merger create proper cope up with the travel agent so that employment
opportunities will be increasing in the business. It could be create impact on the accomplishment
of the economics of scale in the business (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). Therefore, more
profits could be gain which increases opportunities in the business. It also assists to look on the
large volume operations which help to focus on the main advantages to looking towards the new
opportunities.
In international market, it creates difficulties and reduces profits because more investment
needed. Furthermore, it can be depicts that vertical integration is method in which there are
different stages of combinations included. Therefore, it helps to control other organisation to
make systematic work performances in the business (Cook, Hsu and Marqua, 2014). Main reason
to implement this process is that adding operational cost to deal with the functions and outcomes.
In respect to decrease the operational cost, this method is best that make more profits and
revenue in the business environment. Therefore, it can be stated that addition of new activities in
the hospitality business control value chain analysis that looked upon the distribution of the new
services. With the help of these advantages, Marriott can cope up with travel and tourism
business so that they can attain more systematic work performances in the enterprise (Xiang,
Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). Distribution of many services in the business is convenient so
that cost also reduces in it. It decreases results and performances of the company so that
resources need to utilise in better manner to attain overall growth and profits. In respect to
implement vertical integration, organisation able to take advantages and get chance to deliver
systematic work performances.
Similarly, horizontal is also important to implement systematic work performances in the
business to enhance profitability ratio. This is because, it consider opportunities to increase
5

overall growth and targets at workplace (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). In order to look
towards the integration, efficiency could be developing in successful way so that merger activity
also signifies in the enterprise to attain overall growth. With the help of integration, the
organisation has opportunity to increase their efficiency and international advantages to cope up
with the effective results. In order to look upon the Thomas cook group, cost of travelling could
be reduces to attain overall profits. It leads to increase profits that save money and attain sales as
well. In addition to this, business reduced their expenses to reach towards the untouched market
as well.
Sharing of the resources in different business reduce wastage of material and attain overall
growth in the business environment. In respect to look towards the benefits, it has been seen that
negative impact could be reduced through focus on the development of the business. It is the
systematic activity that assists to make sure that profit volume continuously increases in the
organisation. In the future, overall brand impact also reduced so that vertical integration assists to
make sure advantages and disadvantages of the vertical integration which create negative impact
on the organisation (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). In respect to look on the value of
brand, it has been seen that firm able to reduce their negative impact through consider effective
functioning in the business. Marriott get affected in term of positive and negative. As results, in
both term benefits develop in the vertical integration to attain overall growth at workplace. In
respect to expand business, customers are getting differentiation as per the products availability
and services development. According to the competitor’s position, the business able to increase
their market share and profit as well (Battour, Ismail and Awais, 2017). With this regard,
travelling activities expanded to make success in the organisation. As results, the business able to
increase market share and results.
2.2 How integration has created impact hospitality business
Importance of pricing policies and branding
In respect to develop vertical integration consider with importance of the pricing and
policies and branding. With the help quality control, it is important to make effective services
that delivered in the other business partners. In order to work with the Marriott hotel, operations
and functions so that effectiveness will be develop in systematic manner. In order to focus on the
integration of vertical, that impact on the balance capacity (Leung, Xue and Bai, 2015). In this
regard, it is hard to make balance between high and low demand. It generates more profits and
6

revenue with objectives and goals. Therefore, it leads to reduce dependency to the other
organisation to accomplish desired results. It reduces diminish flexibility in the Thomas Cook
group. In order to focus to reduce flexibility, Thomas Cook Group need to includes different
actions, need to be taken to minimise consequences with vertical and horizontal integration
(Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014).
With this regards, first responses in the business taken on the enterprise to create
standardisation with different services with different partner at workplace. It is helpful to face
challenge to operate different functions and operations in global environment. In order to look
for maintain capacity, it is important to consider flexibility and capabilities in the business
(Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). With the help of the diminish dependency on the other
businesses, organisation able to attain effective results and objectives as well. In order to make
good brand image of the company it is important to implement several advantages. Hence, these
advantages could be developing with competition. With the help of the different consequences,
vertical and horizontal integration in the business operations could be developed at workplace
(Eid and El-Gohary, 2015).
TASK 3
3.1 Rationale for selected project with discuss decisions linked with the target marketplace
In respect to create plan, hotel industry need develop their effectiveness to satisfy
customers and their requirements. It is important to understand need of particular services which
provided by the hotels. However, it creates impact on many customers who have select hotel in
term of physical evidence first with assess design (Cook, Hsu and Marqua, 2014). Room design
and other facilities which are good looking also implemented which make supportive to attract
towards the organisation. In addition to this, attractive and hygiene elements also assists to attract
customers in the business. It will assist to look for the fundamental aspects in the business.
Interior and exterior design assists to make excellent results which are beneficial to make
memorable trip (Fan, 2017).
Beside this, it can be depict that services scope is the best aspect that assists to implement
creative components which create positive impact. Hence, customers could be attracted easily in
the business environment. Each hotel need to focus on the style of guest so that they can serve
accordingly. In addition to this, they need to look upon the best way through customers could be
attracted in more quantity. It will focuses on interior and exterior design which require
7

excellence and also beneficial to make memorable trip (Xiang, Du and Fan, 2017). As per the
requirement of guest and customer, Marriott need to deal so that they are able to make initial
goals and objectives to cater requirements of the guests. In order to make comparison with the
competitors, it is the best way to the business to attain overall goals and objectives as well.
3.2 Develop a plan for hospitality business which involves operational requirement in the
business.
In respect to consider effective results, it is important to implement operational plans that
assist to meet with desired goals and objectives. Budget also set to target ultimate customers in
the business (Boniface, Cooper and Cooper, 2016). First objective need to set operations plan
with implement following elements:
Development:
 Concept: In order to develop effective results, concept develops with ideas to increase
customers. Main objective behind this is to develop profits and revenue. Vision of the
Marriott is developing with initial concept in the business (Remington and Kitterlin-
Lynch, 2018).
 Market research: In respect to this, Marriott need to concentrate on the market research
with consider with different stages. There are several areas in which stages develop to
make effective results (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). There are different methods
to conduct market research that it uses.
 Target market: In order to conduct target market with effective results. In this way,
segmentation consider on the basis of income, gender, numbers, etc. (Brandon-Jones,
Lewis and Walsman, 2016).
 Location: With this regard, in London market consider with specific areas. This is
because, decision also develops to attain more specific and ascertain more profits and
revenues.
 Scale: In order to develop effective functioning, size and market also develop to attain
effective results at workplace. In order to attain desired results, it is important to focus on
the systematic results (Schuckert, Liu and Law, 2015).
 Funding: Furthermore, it is important to arrange fund from investors, loans, budget, etc.
In this way, Marriott will able to create effective functioning.
8

 Products and services: Moreover, products and services need to develop with details
with ascertain effective results. With the help of the effective material, company attain
their targets and goals (Law, Leung and Fong, 2015).
 Licensing: In respect to develop effective results, licensing also assists to make effective
results. In order to make creative results, Marriott need to implement quality, sign,
grading, etc. It will assist to look for the new development program in the business.
Design
 Ambiance: In order to develop effective results, ambiance is element implement design
to attain effective results at workplace. In order to make effective results, it is important
to deal with design (Prebežac, Schott and Sheldon, 2016).
 Culture: As per the culture of customers, Marriott need to develop effective results in the
business. With the help of the systematic functions and operations, it is important to look
upon the effective results. It will assist to develop functions and operations to attain more
significant advantages.
 Brand: With the help of the creative and effective results, Marriott need to implement
brand at workplace. It will help to attain more significant advantages and more
profitability as well (Xiang, O’Leary and Fesenmaier, 2015). Brand in the products and
services assists to look upon the creativity.
 Interior: Interior design of the business, also help to attract different kinds of customers.
This is because, it is the best way to attain overall growth and make creativity in the
business. This element focuses on the creativity and performances to find business
attraction among customers (Fong, Law and Yap, 2016).
 Exterior: With the help of the outer design, customers are also attracted in the business.
It will assist to look upon the creativity and business development as well. In this way,
outer activities of the company mainly attract customers in the business. Therefore, it will
assist to attain growth and profits as well (Cook, Hsu and Marqua, 2014).
 Functional areas: In the functional areas, the chosen business needs to focus on the new
activities and functions as well. In order to make systematic activities, it is important to
ascertain more profits and revenue (Mohammed, Guillet and Law, 2015). To develop
systematic results, functions are also developing to attain overall growth as well.
9

 Customer’s flows: Customer flow considered with the business, there are different
activities implemented to attract them at workplace.
 Link to the target market: With the help of the target market, the company can also
work to implement systematic results. This is because; target market is important element
to focus on the new goals and objectives of the business (McKercher and Tung, 2015).
 Customers with individual needs: Every customer has different needs so that according
to needs they are targeted at workplace. With the help of the effective activities and
goals, customers focus by the business.
 Sustainability: With the help of sustainability activities, the company able to attain
creative results at workplace (Sigala and Gretzel, 2017). In this way, the chosen business
able to make their effective functions at workplace.
Operations
 Staffing by functional areas: According to the business functions, customers are needed
to be targeted towards the business. It will assist to look upon the effective results in the
business.
 Special qualifications: Special qualifications of the staff members assist to develop more
profits and revenue (Sun, Fong and He, 2017). In this way, effectiveness could be
developing through focuses on the target market.
 Staffing issues related with seasonality: In Marriott, staffing issues occurred because in
season business require more people.
 Cultural diversity: With the help of the innovative functions and operations, it can be
stated that different culture also creates impact on the business (Sotiriadis and
Apostolakis, 2015).
 Recruitment policies and procedures: In the chosen business, recruitment policies and
procedures are considered to develop effective results at workplace.
 Compliance with legislation: In order to gain more profits and revenue, legislation need
to apply to attain overall growth and results at workplace. With the help of the legislation,
the company can attain more significant advantages (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier,
2015).
 Promotional activities: In order to promote products and services, it is important to look
upon the promotional tools that assist to make effective functions in the business.
10

 Pricing: The chosen business also needs to set pricing to the business products and
services that assist to meet with the effective results (Cook, Hsu and Marqua, 2014).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be stated that in Marriott hotel, there are several activities has
been set to attain growth and profits. In this consideration, it is important to look upon the new
customers to provide them several benefits. It will assist to gather relevant information in the
business. Furthermore, it summarised about the travel and tourism to attain overall growth and
advantages in the business. In order to consider vertical and horizontal integration, effectiveness
in the business enhances. Therefore, it will assist to focus on the innovations and creativity of the
company to develop target market. Operation plan also include to make to attain overall growth
and outcomes. With this plan, the company can set their creative outcomes. In the target market,
it is important to make effective functions and operations to attain overall growth in the business
environment.
11

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Battour, M., Ismail, M.N. and Awais, M., 2017. Islamic tourism: an empirical examination of
travel motivation and satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), pp.50-
67.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
and tourism.
Brandon-Jones, A., Lewis, M. and Walsman, M.C., 2016. Examining the characteristics and
managerial challenges of professional services: An empirical study of management
consultancy in the travel, tourism, and hospitality sector. Journal of Operations
Management, 42, pp.9-24.
Cook, R.A., Hsu, C.H. and Marqua, J.J., 2014. Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel.
Boston, MA: Pearson.
Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2015. Muslim tourist perceived value in the hospitality and tourism
industry. Journal of Travel Research, 54(6), pp.774-787.
Fan, D.X., 2017. 35th International Society of Travel & Tourism Educators (ISTTE) annual
conference,“Global Strategies in Tourism & Hospitality Education”, Hangzhou, China,
October 12–14, 2016. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(2), pp.135-137.
Fong, L.H.N., Law, R. and Yap, M.H.T., 2016. Experimental research in hospitality and tourism:
a critical review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,
28(2), pp.246-266.
Law, R., Leung, R. and Fong, L.H.N., 2015. Distribution channel in hospitality and tourism:
Revisiting disintermediation from the perspectives of hotels and travel agencies.
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), pp.431-452.
Leung, X.Y., Xue, L. and Bai, B., 2015. Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism: a
review and journal preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management, 27(7), pp.1556-1572.
McKercher, B. and Tung, V., 2015. Publishing in tourism and hospitality journals: Is the past a
prelude to the future?. Tourism Management, 50, pp.306-315.
12

Mohammed, I., Guillet, B.D. and Law, R., 2015. The contributions of economics to hospitality
literature: A content analysis of hospitality and tourism journals. International Journal
of Hospitality Management, 44, pp.99-110.
Prebežac, D., Schott, C. and Sheldon, P. eds., 2016. The tourism education futures initiative:
Activating change in tourism education. Routledge.
Remington, J. and Kitterlin-Lynch, M., 2018. Still pounding on the glass ceiling: A study of
female leaders in hospitality, travel, and tourism management. Journal of Human
Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(1), pp.22-37.
Schuckert, M., Liu, X. and Law, R., 2015. Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends
and future directions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(5), pp.608-621.
Sigala, M. and Gretzel, U. eds., 2017. Advances in Social Media for Travel, Tourism and
Hospitality: New Perspectives, Practice and Cases. Routledge.
Sotiriadis, M. and Apostolakis, A., 2015. Marketing challenges in travel, tourism and hospitality
industries of the European and Mediterranean regions. EuroMed Journal of Business,
10(3).
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(1),
pp.82-113.
Sun, S., Fong, D.K.C. and He, S., 2017. An updated comprehensive review of website evaluation
studies in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management, 29(1), pp.355-373.
Xiang, Z., Du, Q. and Fan, W., 2017. A comparative analysis of major online review platforms:
Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. Tourism
Management, 58, pp.51-65.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal
of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp.244-249.
Xiang, Z., O’Leary, J.T. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Adapting to the internet: trends in
travelers’ use of the web for trip planning. Journal of Travel Research, 54(4), pp.511-
527.
13