Hospitality and Tourism Management Assignments

This assignment provides a collection of research papers and articles related to hospitality and tourism management. It includes topics such as the impact of social media on tourism, smart technologies for personalized experiences, and the economics of tourism destinations. The assignment also covers various aspects of hospitality and tourism management, including service experience, brand image, and health tourism. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers in the field.

Hospitality Provision in
Travel & Tourism
Sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The interrelation between hospitality and travel & tourism businesses................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry......................................4
2.2 How integrations has affected a hospitality business............................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Develop a rationale for project that justify decisions linked to target market......................8
3.2 Develop a plan for a hospitality business in relations to human resource allocation............9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
In the business sector, travel and tourism also involved which support in handling the
tourists who usually travel from one place to another. At present, there are various firms which
are operating these kinds of businesses and provides various travel and tourism services to the
visitors. In hospitality sector includes hotel business, accommodations facilities, provide
entertainment activities, catering, cafes and restaurants etc. This industry is growing fast because
most of people are travelling for their enjoyment of holiday, business purposes, meeting, events
and sports (Bowie and Mariussen, 2016). This report defines about PKF hotel experts which is
an international market leader in the hotel tourism & leisure consulting and associated with audit,
accounting and tax firms. It will describe about TUI Group and the interrelationship between
hospitality and travel and tourism businesses and implications of integration in hospitality
industry. This assignment also will discuss about integration effects on the hospitality business.
It will develop a rationale that justify decisions linked with target market. Plan for hospitality
business including operational requirements which defined organisation structure in relations to
human resource allocation.
TASK 1
1.1 The interrelation between hospitality and travel & tourism businesses
Tourism and travel business play vital role in the growth of hospitality industry. It generally
related with services sector and it has broad category of field as this includes event planning,
transportation, theme parks and many more within this sector (Bunakov and Zhukov, 2015).
Accommodations facilities should be provided by the hospitality services to tourists including 3
to 5 star hotels, bar, pub, night parties etc. It can be understood by defining accommodations in
appropriate manner such as;
 Hotels: This is most important aspect in the travel and tourism sector as visitors always
wants best hotels to stay, therefore they check their hotel rooms after travelling
(Dickinson and Norgate, 2014). It is the fundamental in the holiday package as tourists
may be opt the packages for accommodations including 3 to 5 star hotels as per their
requirements.
 Motel and guest houses: It is known as small hotel that are designed for motorway
travellers. It is affordable for tourists as they can take rest while travelling as well as
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spend the night before getting back on the road. This is also an important component in
the travel and tourism sector.
 Self-catering apartments: It is going more popular now a days as hospitality service
provider offers various facilities including self cooking. They consist kitchen, dining
areas and living room etc. it is useful in saving visitors money and feel them better.
 Cruise ships: This is another famous component as tour operators consider cruise ships
while providing holiday packages to the tourists (Dredge and Airey, 2014). It is an
essentials which helps to attracts number of customers for visiting by lower costs or
prices and more effective that feel customers relax and fun. Many travel and tourism
industry provide such services with quality foods to their visitors.
 Restaurants: It is also include in the hospitality industry as tourists always looks for
best restaurants by taking care of several factors such as menu, ambience, music as well
as costs etc. This is the integral part of tourist's holiday. Some of the chain restaurants
offers financial security to tourists. For example; McDonald's who serve same quality of
products in Portugal and United Kingdom too as well as everywhere.
Interrelation between hospitality and travel and tourism businesses
Hospitality sector is one of the best services provider in the business fields. In the case
of leisure as well as businesses, people are spending significant time in hotels for specific
luxury status (Guttentag, 2015). Therefore, this industry is growing fast and rapidly as many of
people prefer to visit the several places and get best services or benefits in the less price as well.
Here are some roles of hospitality industries such as:
Package holidays: The major role of hospitality sector is to provide attractive holiday
packages for tourists in significant manner. In this consider the most important component such
as hotel that must be included in the holiday packages which is depends on the price factor. It is
also depends on the customers abilities that how much they want to paid for particular
accommodations. Therefore, in holidays packages generally known as mass purchased in which
customers will get good hotel rooms and airline tickets etc.
Aviations: It is related with airline industry which are successfully depends on the
accommodation facilities as well as availability as it has major impacts and chances of losing in
the case of full capacity of hotels (Moroz, 2015). These problems generally occurs when airline
fly in small destinations where hotels can be fully booked. Therefore, airlines started onboard in
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which includes catering as well as sleeping arrangements. They also serve foods and beverages
at extra cost from packages.
Business travel: In the hospitality industries, most of hotels are booked by business
people as they visit any particular place for the purpose of their seminars, conferences and
meetings. They search best hotels through internet for finding suitable place and also ready for
spending time and money for pool, spa and outing for feeling relax and get experience.
Conferences and exhibitions: It is also another important aspects for national and
international travel and tourism industries. TUI group is generally conduct or organise such
conferences and exhibitions for attracting number of tourists towards particular hotel and invite
them to attend this event (Kropinova and Zaitseva, 2015). This was supported in increasing
economy of industry and country as well. There were caters also available from different hotels
who provided proper food facilities to the visitors. One the best example is International
Tourism Bourses (ITB) which is an international exhibition that attracts more exhibitor from
various countries around the world.
Visitor attractions: It is defined as the attraction of people and get attentions which they
talk and get interest of visitors and others. In this included that aspects which are made by man
as well as created by human such as museum and theme parks, natural parks and many more
attractions. Theme park is one the most famous visiting place that attracts huge visitors as
collect millions of visitors on yearly (Law and Fong, 2015). The example of Disneyland which
is one of the most popular flagship attractions and situated at several countries such as United
States, France, Japan and China.
It is the major aspect of the hospitality industry and closely related with travel and
tourism sector. Theme park is best mode to attracts more tourists towards particular country or
places as they also have their own restaurants and cafes so that families can have meal or enjoy
food and then get back to having fun. The another advantages of Disneyland that they have best
hotels and resorts which are included in holiday packages and also popular in the world.
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TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry
Integration is an essentials that helps in tourism industry as to work together by sharing
available resources and customers. Hospitality industry always focus on managing entire
integrations and utilisations of resources by horizontal and vertical manner of integration. The
term integration gained popular in the 1900's as every firms focused on for the purpose of
reaching at economies of scales by operating business at lower costs. There are number of
companies who are going to be close for the purpose of enhancing business and satisfy
customers in an effective manner (Dittmer, 1993). These companies generally make strategies
for achieving their set common goals or targets with the help of collaboration and coordination in
better ways. They also consider several tools or techniques as well as technologies for effective
coordination. It can be understood by taking example of TUI group as they integrated with
multiple hotels or airlines firms. It will support in utilising available resources in an effective
manner by architecture customisations and also helps in expanding business at different
countries. Here are defined some ways TUI Group is integrated with another organisation in two
categories such as;
Vertical Integration:
It is defined as the integration where a firm purchase any other company or hire its
suppliers in the distribution chain which are known as vertical. It is an essential as the
implications of vertical is result lower cost as well as maximise profits in an effective manner.
TUI Group is one of the best example of travel and tourism sector because it has better control
on the distribution chain so they focus on providing training and development of individual and
train people from inside rather than outside employing (Manhas and Tukamushaba, 2015).
Therefore, they wants to provide entire services at the all level or places as well as focus on
managing the standard of services at every places. This is very supportive that do not accept any
harmful or factors which can affects on the reputation. Example of Thomas Cook and Sons that
they want to starts their business at different countries or in other cities. It is more powerful
brand that support in attracting number of customers towards organisation. They ensure
regarding their services which also provided by another companies and people will feel and
experience same with other competitors.
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Vertical integration is the process that various firms enters and merger agreements with
other organisation which generally enters in the distribution chain. It will support in developing
business and achieving competitive advantages as well as goals or objectives. Marriott
International, Accor Hotels are serving several services from competitors (Minazzi, 2015). It is
an essential and helpful components that support in improving market shares as well as
profitability. Verticals integration also support in cutting costs or lowering expenses which must
be necessary to perform by every firm in an appropriate manner. AccorHotels bought the
Toronto-based parent company of the luxury Fairmont so it is their merger. They are focusing in
enhancing the qualities of services as well as provide number of facilities to the visitors after the
integration in an effective manner.
AccorHotels and Toronto-based parent company of the luxury Fairmont are generating
higher services so that more audiences can be targeted towards firms and achieve their set goals
or objectives. This very beneficial for attracting more customers towards firm. This is also
supportive in increasing brand image or create reputation among competitors in the marketplace.
Therefore, it can be said that vertical integration is playings crucial role in achieving competitive
advantages in an appropriate manner (Ladkin, 2015). In this consider various technical tools or
techniques at the workplace so that integration can be make successful in most appropriate
manner. These techniques are useful in improving supply chain management by up gradation of
technologies in the travel and tourism sectors.
As per the market research, it has founded that Marriott hotel is going to enter into new
market as they focus on new market segmentation with the help of vertical integration ( Griffin,
1993). There are number of barriers are available which can be occurred and they have major
impacts on the business because they directly affects on the reputation or image of the
organisation. In this included new market strategies, customers expectations, competitions as
well as market analysis. Therefore, it must be necessary to have proper control over the
operations so that integration can be more successful.
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Horizontal Integration:
In this consider that when two organisation integrate and make a big organisation as they
can be form of identical in the particular products and services. the major output of horizontal
integration is developing or building new organisation which usually the combination of two
firm in an effective manner. For Example Starwood Hotels & Resorts by Marriott International,
valued at 12,2 billion US$ that Marriott takeover Starwood hotel for the purpose of making big
organisation. This is very useful method to develop business and increase growth or revenues in
ans appropriate manner (Neuhofer and Buhalis, 2015). Company can take action or make
decisions regarding business expansions at other country in better manner. The main objective of
horizontal integrations is to increase as well as build profitability and productivity so that
company can achieve competitive advantages in an effective manner (Dittermer, 2001).
Therefore, it is beneficial for both organisation as they can enhance their business and generate
more revenues by providing accommodation or several services in more efficient way.
Hotel Marriott is always focusing on expanding business at different countries and cities
so that wealth can be maximise. Therefore, it is the most beneficial or important advantage of
horizontal integration as it helps in increasing capabilities and resources for business
development (Page, 2014). In this also found various outcomes such as company can improve its
efficiency ins the different level. Marriott hotel is focusing on improving its brand image and
build good image across the different countries. As per the globalisation, travel and tourism
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Illustration 1: Hospitality Provisions 2018

business always support in generating revenues and more incomes through international tourism.
Therefore, it can be analyse that there are number of conflicts that can be arise in the running
organisation. Every firm have their own vision and mission that must be achieved by them so
some of conflicts or barriers can be occurred while making business decisions or taking
corrective actions.
In the modern era, many of businesses have merged with other organisation for the
purpose of expanding business and make big firm so that number of customers can be attracted
towards firm. In the globalisation, integrations can be seen because it is an essential to maximise
wealth in the international market (Dittermer, 2001). Hospitality industry also considered this as
TUI and Thomas Cook integrates with number of firms including airlines, restaurants, cabs, and
other transportations facilities so that visitors can be satisfied and enjoy their tours in well
manner. Globalisation has major impacts on the hospitality industry. Companies can collaborate
with other businesses at different countries for developing the firm in well manner.
2.2 How integrations has affected a hospitality business
Integrations is one of the helpful and best method that support in developing business and
achieve growth in the travel and tourism industry. It is generally related with maximising
organisation by integrations and create a good reputations in the market. It combine the
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Illustration 2: visitors report

competencies regarding two organisation which helps in attracting number of customers as well
as already attracted highly customers in more effective manner (Marchante, 2014). Integration is
an essentials for every travel and tourism industry that helps in achieving competitive advantages
for organisation. In this included various beneficial components which make organisation
success as it focuses on utilising available resources, set competitive prices as well as uses of
various new technologies in an appropriate manner. There are defined different impacts of
integration at various companies in travel and tourism sector which are as follows;
Cost Integration: In this defined that the vertical and horizontal integration always
permits to firms and allows many of companies to make appropriate decisions regarding business
expansions. They can spend time or money at high level for their business expansions. In this
consider several factors or uses of resources to provide best quality of accommodation services
or facilities in an appropriate manner so that huge visitors can be attracted and achieve set goals
or objectives in better ways (Sánchez and García, 2014). In this included the proper investments
of technologies as well as appropriate human resource for treating tourists in best manner. The
organisations takes any decisions or actions with mutual understanding or agreements as they set
prices as per the travelling and also set holiday packages as per their decisions. For example
takeover of Starwood Hotels & Resorts by Marriot International, valued at 12,2 billion US$
which is bg decision. As in this required high investment for taking business decisions.
Therefore, it can be analysed that hospitality business are affected by integrations.
Technologies: It is another factor that can be affects on the travel and tourism business
by technology integration because it helps to every firm that to make decisions of adopting new
innovative technologies as per the market changes. There are various organisation such as Accor
Hotels who adopted latest technologies and several tools for the purpose of speed up operations
in an effective manner (Smith and Puczkó, 2014). They are considering this for making more
effective or easy to interact as well as contact with end users. In this, the major impact of
technologies is to create better coordination between organisation. Integration are available in
various locations. Therefore, it can be said that technical tools are essentials for improving speed
of making decisions, coordinate several activities and also bring new innovative ideas.
Lack of knowledge: Intercontinental Hotels Group has been integrated by several ways
as horizontal and vertically. They are focusing on entering new market segment for developing
their business as there are many of changes that has occurred while developing strategies of
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market. Intercontinental Hotels Group was faced various complexities as well as different
complication when handling the new customers. It must be required to find target customers who
can take interest in the packages. This firm is trying to provide better training and developing
programmes so that customers can be treated as more appropriate ways.
Globalisation: Greene King is best hospitality industry that integrated with different
organisations but it has various issues or problems regarding business expansions in the global
level. There are different globalisation factors exists that can affects on the business such as
culture, rules or regulations, terms and conditions that may be face operational difficulties while
running an organisation. Green King hotel has faced more difficulties during making global
policies because it very complex to make the accommodation packages for different country's
people.
Quality: There are various effects of integration on the business as negative as well as
positive. In this, it is not necessary to get success after mergers or acquisition as there is less
chance of improvement of quality (Boyer, 2014). In this consider human resource for better
quality for both organisations. Therefore, mutual relationship and coordination while performing
tasks is the key components for enhancing qualities and facilities in an appropriate manner.
Integration has major impacts on the hospitality industries because firms are growing
fasts or rapidly therefore hotels and restaurants also are considering to increase their business at
various countries. It can be seen that there are number of hotels who provide various facilities for
tour or visiting purpose such as airlines, cabs, canteens, holiday packages and many more so it
also contributing in economic development of the country. Integration is one of the best way to
develop the business in hospitality industry. For example TUI is giving may more services to
visitors which helps in providing facilities and services to them with effective costs.
TASK 3
3.1 Develop a rationale for project that justify decisions linked to target market
In this defined that cafe cappuccino is planning to enter into new market as in the food
and beverages business by analysing the growth as well as opportunities for getting benefits with
industry. Management has founded after conducting survey and research as it increase more
revenues as well as economic potential by running an organisation. It will support in encouraging
people to get best food and beverages throughout attractive prices so that they will be able to
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spend more money for satisfy their needs or wants in an effective manner (Standing and Tang,
2014). Therefore Cafe Cappuccino is trying to set new standard in providing best quality of food
or beverages to the customers so that they will satisfy their needs or wants as well as meet their
desired outcomes. They have examined that every consumer is looking for different or unique
taste in food products as well as they also concentrate on products quality rather than focus only
on price. Therefore, cafe cappuccino is considering every class people including high, middle
and lower for their food. It will support in targeting more audiences towards firm but their main
focus on upper middle class people those are ready to spend their money for getting luxury
services or lifestyles as well. They are focusing on adopting best tools or techniques for
developing firm as acquires several benefits or market values with up growing phase of industry.
Cafe cappuccino is going to start the restaurant at London because it is the best location
and city where number of people come for visiting and they spend leisure as well as quality time
for getting maximum satisfaction. This restaurant is dealing with providing various products
enrich in which included tastes and qualities that are supporting in adding more fun in the food
or beverages in well mannered. Therefore, management is making decisions of promoting
business by using several tools or form of promotions such as advertisements on social sites or
websites and different places (Stephenson, 2014). Their marketing strategies are to reach at
potential customers and achieve target audiences so that they are applying more methods, make
use of sponsorship programs and also offers discount on products. It must be required to acquire
more attentions of customers through using an appropriate tool so that target customers can be
attracted towards firm.
For this purpose, marketing strategy is play crucial role in establishing good reputation
and create better positions in the market. Companies are focusing on adopting various marketing
strategies for achieving competitive advantages in an effective manner. Therefore, cafe
cappuccino is focusing on several effective approaches that will support in creating more
awareness among target audiences. It will support in leading more inflows of customers as well
as their satisfaction. This organisation is finding a most effective or appropriate values and
benefits in various alternative that will support in drawing the interest customers which influence
their buying behaviour (Vanhove, 2017). It must be required in cafe cappuccino restaurant that
have excellent services and best quality of food that are essentials for transferring customers in
one time into regular or loyal ones in more efficient manner. Along with this, the management of
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cafe cappuccino is also focusing on every customers demands or needs towards food or
beverages as by research or gathering data, it has been analysed that people are loving Asian,
Chinese as well as continental foods for satisfying their needs or wants in an effective manner.
This restaurant is using modern approaches for the purpose of designing and providing various
additional facilities and services in an effective manner.
3.2 Develop a plan for a hospitality business in relations to human resource allocation
Cafe cappuccino is a food and beverages organization, that studies the opportunities in
market that can enhance benefits. The manager of the company analysed that the economy is
raising that also increasing the income of consumers because of that people are spending there
money in food and beverages, focusing on that managers suggested that it should set a standard
of the restaurant for the people who are looking for the more tasty food items with quality and
not focusing on the price (Fesenmaier, 2015). Considering this Cafe Cappuccino primarily
focused on upper – middle class people who are having lavish life style, that have the beneficial
market values in growing industry.. There are some operations which it needs to take in actions
effectively, that are as follows:
Stage:1
Development - This restaurant is a place where people checked in to spend some time
for pleasure from other countries, and this make them feel joyful with its delicious enrich tastes
of foods and beverages offering the conceptual services to the customer is not easy. The main
objective is to have skilled and experience staff that serves with hygiene and healthy food and
beverages,and less cost of products with quality standard that offers competitive advantages.
Stage 2: Design
Ambience - Customers are demanding for luxury and adorned interior, that offers them a
n ambience which make them feel satisfied and tranquil pleasure (Xiang and Magnini, 2015).
Making an impression in customer thoughts that pull their decision to stay with this for so long.
Culture – Culture is a reorganization for pubs and restaurant, so management needs to
put efforts to develop a good culture, the staff of the restaurant like waiters, managers, are the
face of business, so it essential that they must be well trained and behave.
Functional Area – Cafe Cappuccino should focus on the functionality to interact with
customers, through online booking and payment services, etc.
Stage 3: Operations:
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This phase elaborated about dedication that applied for development and design for a
particular part of planning. Cafe cappuccino will bring various benefits regarding restaurants as it
results in achieving growth in an effective manner. Operational strategies are very useful in
enhancing productivity and profitability of the firm.
Recruitment: It is an important process which is necessary to perform for hiring high
skilled person as well as experienced holder who has ability to deliver efforts for the
organisational to achieve goals or objectives. Cafe cappuccino is focusing on finding suitable
candidates who can manage the restaurant in an effective ways therefore, they conduct
recruitment process in well manner to accomplish objectives.
Staffing: It is also very necessary for deciding job profiles which are carried out by
selecting best candidates (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014). For this, there is organise proper training
and development program for enhancing capabilities of receptionists, chiefs, cleaners, waiters as
well as managers etc. so that they can perform well and achieve success.
Legislation: This is very necessary to consider the legislation in the restaurants such as
employee's rights, conflicts with governmental issues and customers. Cafe cappuccino have to
take permissions from government and clarify the contents in the products packaging which will
support in mentioning the brand registrations.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it can be analysed that hospitality sector of united
kingdom help in increasing the GDP rate. This project is describing about relationship among
hospitality and travel and tourism industry. An organisation are sharing issues with customers for
expanding their business in other locations. Along with this, people also get quality based
standard and flexibility in time of travelling as they are acquiring food, accommodation, etc. in
this study they can analyse two type of integration such as horizontal and vertical. There are
factors such as technology, cost, lack of knowledge, quality are certain factors which directly
affect on hospitality business in better manner. The report has been described effective plan for
developing and making strategies in proper way. This will also explain the operational
requirement and organisation structure that are related to human resources structure in
appropriate manner.
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