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House of commons Third reading House of Commons If England-only issue amendments First readingBack to House if section rejected Second readingGeneral principles Committee stage Theme of the Bill Report stage Grand Committee of English MPs approves relevant part English MPs Committee stage House of lord Double majority of English MPs and all MPsRoyal Assent
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Describe the process of making a law in the UK: The first reading of a Bill is the first stage of its passage through the House of Commons; it is usually a formality that occurs without debate. The second reading is the first opportunity for MPs to debate the Bill's general principles and themes. The second reading debate is initiated by the Government minister, spokesperson, or MP in charge of the Bill. The official spokesperson for the opposition responds with their thoughts on the Bill. The debate continues, with comments from other Opposition parties and backbenchers. At the end of the debate, the Commons votes on whether the Bill should be given a second reading, indicating that it can move on to the next stage. After the second reading, the Bill is sent to committee, where each clause (part) and any amendments (proposals for change) to the Bill can be debated. The Committee stage is where the Bill is thoroughly examined. It usually begins a few weeks after a Bill's second reading, though this is not guaranteed. After the committee stage, the Bill coming to the third reading where the amended Bill can be debated and further amendments proposed. The third reading is the last opportunity for the Commons to debate the contents of a Bill. It usually happens right after the report stage as the next item of business on the same day. At the conclusion of the debate, the House decides (votes on) whether to approve the Bill's third reading. If the Bill was introduced in the House of Commons, it is sent to the House of Lords for its first reading. When a bill has passed through third reading in both Houses the bill is ready for royal assent once the exact wording has been agreed upon by the Commons and Lords. When a bill has passed through all of the parliamentary stages in both Houses, it is ready for royal assent. The Queen formally agrees to make the bill into an Act of Parliament at this point.