Issues Faced by Black and Latino/a Populations in South L.A.

This report analyzes the issues faced by the Black and Latino/a populations in South L.A., including crimes, lack of effective education, and intimate partner violence. It explores the need for more public spaces and tools for discussions on these issues.

INTRODUCTION
This report is based on the premise that while the predominately Black and Latino/a
population living in South L.A. experience disproportionate rates of violence, low levels of
education, poverty, homelessness, and incarceration, there exists too few public spaces and tools
that allow for discussions of why things are the way they are. They experience a lot of violence
due to which their overall moral is reduced.
Thesis Statement
To analyse the various issues like crimes, lack of effective education, intimate partner
violence etc. which are faced by the people belonging to Black and Latino/a populations in South
L.A.
Viewpoint on the interview
On reading the interview as well as the view point of a college student living in South
L.A., it was analysed that there are not a lot of options available for young adults. This is because
all there were liquor stores over the streets. It was also analysed that in his twenties, the more he
looked into the community, there were more things that he found. He says that he has gained a
lot from this community, be it with the elder people or playing basketball with the young adults.
Ethnically Transforming Neighbourhoods and Violent Crime Among and Between
African-Americans and Latinos: A Study of South Los Angeles
John R. Hipp and George E. Tita, Co-PIs
Luis Daniel Gascón and Aaron Roussell, Research Assistants
Department of Criminology, Law and Society
University of California
Summary of the article
In South Los Angeles, this research thesis explores the phenomena of interracial crime. We use
the area known as South Bureau" by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) to identify our
study limits and explicitly focus on several communities for more comprehensive analysis under

this broader designation. Given the present demographic change in which Latinos are replacing
African Americans as the different white population,
We see no evidence that cross - racial crime is a prevalent theme in South LA, contrary to
mainstream media portrayals of an imminent "race war" between these two groups. Instead, both
lethal and non-lethal violence tends to concentrate between racial/ethnic groups: Latinos
predominantly victimise Latinos and blacks primarily victimise blacks. Much intra-racial
violence continues to be clustered by African Americans in South LA. Homicide teams
collaborate closely with drug units in gang homicide cases and intelligence sharing. We claim
that this has the power to add to the over-attribution of murder to gang motivations (Hallsworth
& Young, 2008). Any murder involving a gang member or associate, either as a witness or
suspect, by customary or unspoken mandate. This also refers to unexplained murders of unclear
reasons happening in "gang land," a particularly controversial term, insofar as gangs with
differing degrees of control have basically asserted as their territory the entirety of South Los
Angeles. While the "gang-motivated" term is officially reserved for situations where the crime
was perpetrated to further the interests of the gang, i.e. murders committed for the intent of
extending the territories of drugs or cartels or internal disciplinary purposes, we experience
substantial murders. In its use, lippage. Where the implementation of these words is extremely
doubtful, we have tried to rely on them.

REFERENCES
Hallsworth, S. & Young, T. (2008). Gang talk and gang talkers: A critique. Crime, Media,
Culture 4, 175-196. Hipp, J., Tita, G. & Boggess, L. (2009). Intergroup and intragroup violence:
Is violent crime an expression of group conflict or social disorganization? Criminology 47, 521-
564.
Vigil, D. (2009). The projects: Gang and non-gang families in East Los Angeles. Austin, TX:
University of Texas Press.

Competition, Conflict, and Coalitions: Black-Latino/a Relations within Institutions of
Higher Education
Patricia E. Literte
The Journal of Negro Education
Vol. 80, No. 4 (Fall 2011), pp. 477-490 (14 pages)
Published By: Journal of Negro Education
Summary of the article
This case study explores Black-Latino/a partnerships at a California public university, which has
a student body of 31 percent Black and 40 percent Latino. In-depth surveys with teachers and
pupils reveal that Black and Latino/a students understand that they face common school and
socio-economic barriers; yet, there's little Black-Latino/a partnership building since, considering
their numerical majority on campus, Blacks and Latinos/as have been caught off guard of
comfort. Black-Latino/a electoral coalition alliances that still occur off-campus. While there is no
overt friction between the two races, on campus, Black-Latino/a relationships remain tenuous, as
Black-Latino/a conflicts have spilled into campus in the local culture, Black and Latino/a
students contend for limited opportunities against each other and students of both racial groups
appear to stereotype and distrust each other. This study indicates that high schools and colleges
should be constructive in alleviating Black-Latino conflicts by introducing dispute resolution and
peace-building activities, providing ethnic studies courses that highlight Black and Latino related
backgrounds, empowering managers and workers to role model healthy Black-Latino
relationships and creating healthy Black-Latino/a relationships.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Wahab S, Olson L. Intimate partner violence and sexual assault in Native American
communities. Trauma Violence Abuse 2004;5:353–366
Cho H. Racial differences in the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women and
associated factors. J Interpers Violence 2012;27:344–363

Cavanaugh CE, Messing JT, Amanor-Boadu Y, O'Sullivan CO, Webster D, Campbell J. Intimate
partner sexual violence: A comparison of foreign- versus US-born physically abused
Latinas. J Urban Health 2014;91:122–135
Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of
Neighborhood Crime1 Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager University of Wisconsin—
Madison
Summary of the article
This paper explores the relationship between the racial diversity of the community and the views
people have of the level of violence in their neighbourhood. The report incorporates questions
from polls in Chicago, Seattle, and Baltimore on views of urban violence, paired with census
reports and crime estimates from the police department. The proportion of young black males in
a community, also after adjusting for two metrics of crime rates and other neighbourhood
features, is favourably correlated with expectations of the extent of neighbourhood crime. This
supports the belief that views of local crime rates are shaped by stereotypes. The difference in
the perceiver's race impact and racial discrimination consequences was discussed. Gender,
Prejudices, and Criminality
The abusive and criminal African-Americans are more likely to have One of the most easily
invoked contemporary stereotypes is the provisions For whites. As more crime, survey
respondents consistently rate blacks Predisposed to some particular race or cultural group in the
United States (Smith 1991). On In a 1991 poll, 52% of whites ranked blacks as 6 or higher on a
1-10 ratio.
Scale of conflict or hostility, of aggressiveness and violence
The most commonly supported stereotype on a total of five (Sniderman and Piazza 1993, p. 45).2
And in relation to racist attitudes to the concept of Fair justice, there is confirmation of the
blackness and blackness relationship The 1992 General Election Survey and the 1990 General
Social Survey (Peffley and Hurwitz 1998, n3; Bobo and Kluegel 1997) produced comparable
findings. In recent years, criminality has not improved. 3 The image of blacks as criminals is
well recognised and profoundly rooted in the common psyche of criminals. The understanding of
the crime level of the neighbourhood of the respondent is the Our study's main dependent
variable. We use perceived interventions

The seriousness of the issue of neighbourhood crime rather than fear of crime or criminality
Personal danger of becoming a victim because we are most involved in the measurement of
community violence, considering its connection with Neighborhood assessments and judgments
surrounding mobility. Three factors are used in the Chicago sample to assess the views of
respondents of the level of violence in their area. 11 These three indicators were subjected to a
factor analysis. In eight chosen Chicago neighbourhood areas, the Chicago study chose
respondents from census tracts. As a result, with residents in census districts and tracts in
community areas, the data is clustered.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Fiske, Susan, and Steven Neuberg. 2010. “A Continuum of Impression Formation, from
Category-Based to Individuating Processes.” Pp. 1–63 in Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology, vol. 23. Edited by Mark Zanna. New York: Academic Press.
Frey, William H. 2009. “Central City White Flight: Racial and Nonracial Causes.” American
Sociological Review 44:425–48. Furstenberg, Frank F., Thomas Cook, Jacquelynne
Eccles,
Glenn Elder, and Arnold Sameroff. 2019. Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent
Success. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goldstein, Harvey. 2015. Multilevel Statistical Models. New York: Halsted Press. Goodman,
Allen C., and Ralph B. Taylor. 1983. The Baltimore Neighborhood.
Intimate Partner Violence and Its Health Impact on Disproportionately Affected
Populations, Including Minorities and Impoverished Groups
In the United States, racial minorities are impacted overwhelmingly by intimate partner
violence (IPV) toward women. In addition, as a consequence of IPV, inequalities attributable to
social and foreign-born citizenship impair detrimental physical and mental health effects, further
exacerbating these health ramifications. This report discusses 36 U.S. research on physical
disorders (e.g. multiple fractures, disordered eating patterns), psychiatric conditions (e.g.,
depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), and sexual and reproductive health conditions (e.g.,
HIV/STIs, accidental pregnancy) arising from ethnic minority IPV victimisation (e.g.,
Black/African American, Hispanic/Latina, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian

American/Alaska Native, Asian American Native, Most research either did not have an
appropriate sample size of ethnic minority people or did not use proper methodological methods
to analyse differences between different racial/ethnic groups. Few research focusing on Native
American/Alaska Native and immigrant ethnic minority women have confused race/ethnicity
with wealth and other social determinants of health, and many of the intra-ethnic group studies.
Nevertheless, there is proof of health inequities related to both minority status and IPV from the
available results. Technical, cultural, structural, and political obstacles (e.g., medical distrust,
historical bias and trauma, perceived inequality, immigrant status) to patient-provider contact
and IPV-related help-seeking practises, which can affect health outcomes, need to be considered
in order to react adequately to the health needs of these categories of women. The racial/ethnic
and social inequalities linked to IPV and associated health effects and attitudes can be mitigated
by this systematic method. This literature review uncovered a variety of dominant themes that
encourage a favourable and important relationship among ethnic minority women between
different types of IPV (i.e. physical and/or sexual) and physical, behavioural, and sexual health
outcomes. IPV was correlated with a number of negative physical health effects in African
American, African Caribbean, Hispanic/Latina and South Asian women, including: disordered
eating habits, physical injuries (e.g., fractured bones, face injuries, head injuries), and low
perceived and general health. IPV was associated with numerous mental health conditions
among African American, Latina, Indian/Alaska Native American, and South Asian immigrant
people, including: depression, suicidality, PTSD, low functioning of mental health, and mood
disorders. Finally, IPV was correlated with sexual and reproductive health outcomes among
African American, Latina and South Asian immigrant women, including: discoloured vaginal
discharge, etc. Experts also said that Black and Latino residents work overwhelmingly as critical
front-line staff in positions where they must leave home to get paid. According to a Pew
Research Center survey, they are the highest-paid Americans who have the best opportunity to
work from home.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Sharps PW, Campbell JC. The contribution of intimate partner violence to health disparities for
women of color. Fam Viol Prev Health Pract

2006. http://futureswithoutviolence.org/health/ejournal/archive/14/printable/
ipv_health_disparities.htm Accessed March9, 2014
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV among women. Atalanta: CDC, 2014.
Available at: www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk_women.pdf Accessed March13, 2014
Campbell JC, Baty ML, Ghandour RM, Stockman JK, Francisco L, Wagman J. The intersection
of intimate partner violence against women and HIV/AIDS: A review. Int J Inj Contr Saf
Promot 2008;15:221–231
Gielen AC, Ghandour RM, Burke JG, Mahoney P, McDonnell KA, O'Campo P. HIV/AIDS and
intimate partner violence: Intersecting women's health issues in the United States. Trauma
Violence Abuse 2007;8:178–198

Appendix
In the words of Mike Amezcua, a college student who grew up in South L.A.:
“All I could see down my neighborhood streets were liquor stores and churches, not very many
options for an active youth. Now in my early twenties, I realize that the deeper I look into
the community that raised me, the more treasures I find. Whether speaking with the elders
who have lived here for a lifetime or conversing with young kids on the basketball courts, I
started gaining more from my own community.”