Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Teaching Methods

This report discusses Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and its impact on learning. It explores various intelligence theories, including linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence. Additionally, it discusses teaching methods that help students learn, such as online learning, experimental learning, differentiation, blended learning, and student-centered learning.

Individual Essay
1

Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................3
Main body........................................................................................................................................3
Various intelligence theories according to Howard Gardner's...................................................3
Teaching methods according to Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences that helps
students learn..............................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References.......................................................................................................................................7
2

Introduction
Intelligence is stated as an individual person ability to acquire various types of skills and
knowledge. It is basically considered as the mental quality of person that involves the abilities to
learn from different experience in the life or to properly handle the different circumstances. In
this report different intelligence are discussed in context with the Howard Gardner's Theory.
This represent that different people have different intelligences and this can influence the person
learning skill. According to the Howard Gardner's Theory the various teaching methods are too
discussed that many teachers may use to help the students learning facts more effectively. One of
the maximum awesome functions of the principle of multiple intelligences is the way it presents
eight extraordinary ability pathways to learning(Shearer, C.B. and Karanian, J.M., 2017). If a
instructor or teacher is having issue achieving a students with the extra conventional linguistic or
logical methods of instruction and the principle of different intelligences shows numerous
various methods wherein the cloth is probably provided to facilitate the powerful learning for the
students.
Main body
The theory of Howard Gardner's states that the people did not have inherit intelligence
they have to work hard in their own life to get the intelligence. The psychologist that has given
this theory has firstly recognized that various people have different skills to solve problems and
the ways to learn. The concept of multiple intelligences proposes a primary transformation
within side the manner our faculties are run. It shows that instructors has been taught to offer
their training in a huge sort of approaches like of music, cooperative learning, artwork activities,
function play, multimedia, area trips, internal reflection, and plenty extra. The suitable
information is that the concept of multiple intelligences has grabbed the eye of many educators
across the country and it enables the masses of faculties are presently the usage of its philosophy
to remodel the manner it educates children. The awful information is that there are hundreds of
faculties nevertheless accessible that educate withinside the identical vintage stupid manner,
through dry lectures and dull worksheets and textbooks(Hopper, B. and Hurry, P., 2000).
Various intelligence theories according to Howard Gardner's
Linguistic intelligence: - It is one of the theories of Howard Gardner's multiple
intelligence theory which has to deal with the sensibility to the written and spoken languages,
3

abilities to achieve specific goals by using the language and the quality of learning new
languages. The examples of people who has linguistic intelligence are Oprah Winfrey and
William Shakespeare, these people have the quality to examine the information and the
capability to create various products that consists of written and oral languages like memos,
books and speeches(Gardner, H., 2011). These type of persons has also the ability to use
different words very well both while speaking or writing and these people are normally very
good rather than other people in writing essays or stories, reading and memorizing different
informations.
Logical mathematical intelligence: - This intelligence theory of Howard Gardner's
defines the capability to examine the logical problems, deeply investigate the scientific issues
and conduct an effective mathematical operations. The person who has this capabilities are Bill
gates and Albert Einstein because these people have an ability to make new proofs and equations
or to solve the complexest problems or to make new equations. It is said that the people who are
very good in logical mathematical intelligence has the quality to examine the very complex
situations or problems. They can also have the ability to recognize the difficult patterns and to be
good at solving the logical reasoning problems. These type of persons are considered to always
think about the patterns, relationship and numbers(Kornhaber, M.L. and Gardner, H., 2013).
Spatial Intelligence: - It is considered as one of the most important multiple theories of
Howard Gardner's which involves the power to influence and determine the patterns of wide
spaces that are mainly used by pilots or navigators as well as the examine of various patterns of
much more bounded areas. The people who have this intelligence are Amelia Earhart and Lloyd
Wright, these persons have the quality to determine and influence the fine grained and large
scale spatial images. The individuals who have very strong spatial intelligence are considered to
be much better from other persons at visualizing varieties of things. These people are normally
good at analysing charts, pictures, maps and videos as well as the directions(Maker, C.J.,
Nielson, A.B. and Rogers, J.A., 1994).
Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence: - This theory of multiple intelligence is considered as
the much effective intelligence theory in which the part of the body such as mouth or hand or
the whole body are used to solve the problems. The persons who has implemented this
intelligence theory in themselves are Simon Biles and Michael Jordan. They basically uses the
capabilities of their own body to solve the problem by using the mind and body both or to
4

perform vital skills or to make the products by using their own body parts or the whole body.
These type of people are said to have control in their physical movements as well as in
performing different actions. The person who has a strong hold in this specific area are said to
have an excellent coordination between the hand and eye at the time of performing various tasks
or activities.
Musical intelligence: - This intelligence depicts the abilities of an individual in
performing, appreciating and composing different musical patterns(Rettig, M., 2005). The
persons having this theory of intelligence are Ed Sheran and Beethoven, they has the skill to
create musical tone, rhythm and pitch as well as to recognize the same tone, rhythm and pitch.
The persons who have potent musical intelligence are usually very good at thinking of different
sounds, rhythms and patterns. These people are greatly appreciated by the large audience and
much good at performing the performance.
Interpersonal intelligence: - This intelligence represents the capability to get an
acknowledgement about the motivations, intentions and desires of some other individual. The
persons who have this type of theory of intelligence are Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela.
These persons has the skill to analyse and understand the behaviour, intentions and mood of
some other people. The individuals who has potent grab in this interpersonal intelligence are
usually good at interacting with other individual and understanding them. These people are
basically as very skilled in assessing the intentions, motivations and emotions of the person that
are around them.
Intrapersonal intelligence: - This intelligence reflects the capability to get an
understanding about oneself, it basically offers an effective model which helps to analyse oneself
capacities, fears and desires. The people with this intelligence are Maya Angelou and Aristotle
who have the skills to acknowledge and determine their owns intentions and moods. This form
of intelligence theory of Howard Gardner's helps an individual to get the wisdom about the life
goals and their importance(Plucker, J.A., Callahan, C.M. and Tomchin, E.M., 1996). The
persons who are highly following this theory of Howard Gardner's are considered to be much
good than a normal person at understanding their owns feelings and emotional states. These
people tend to enjoy doing self analysis and self reflection as well as assessing their own
strengths.
5

Naturalist intelligence: - This theory of multi intelligence consists various skills of an
individual in classifying and recognizing the numerous spices of their surroundings. The famous
persons who are having this intelligence are Jane Goddall and Charles Darwin and these type of
persons majorly has the capabilities to determine and distinction of various types of plants,
weathers and animals which are found in the nature(Ekinci, B., 2014). This theory is the most
recent theory of intelligence introduced by Gardner's. The individuals of this theory are basically
more interested in learning about the species, exploring the surroundings and environment as
well as highly interested in breeding.
Teaching methods according to Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences that helps
students learn
Online learning: - This teaching method have the freedom for both the teachers and the
students to work and learn from home respectively. The important thing about this method is that
it is accessible to a large number of people because many students are not able to go to school.
This is conducted through some applications or platform where the teachers as well as students
both are present in the online platform and conduct an effective class(Becker, W.E. and Watts,
M., 1995).
Experimental learning: - This teaching method is considered as a great teaching method
due to the fact that it encourages the creativity and helps the students to learn them from their
mistakes and moreover prepare them for handling the experiences in future. This method may be
much more effective for the teachers of some subjects like sports coaching, science experiments
and conducting group projects. The easy paths to increase the importance of experimental
learning is by encouraging the students to assess themselves on what they have learn regularly.
Differentiation: - This learning method specifies the instructions to different students
that are wholly depended on their needs. To conduct this learning method, teacher should make
sure that they create an effective classroom where different types of students that are having
different abilities are treated equally. In the classroom there must not be any kind of inequality
regarding sexuality, race, gender etc. The most effective way for the teachers to use this teaching
method is by teaching the students in varieties of ways that involves books, images, films etc.
This moreover helps the students to be always interested in the class, which enables them to
learn more new facts and data(Chan, D.W., 2006).
6

Blended learning: - This teaching method can be a great help for both the students and
teachers because it makes a middle form between the traditional based methods and new
methods. This method uses varieties of technologies to keep the students interested and focused
towards the study as well as it provides the opportunities to students and teachers to talk
effectively(Hughes, K.H. and Hood, L.J., 2007). The great example of this learning method is
make the use of virtual reality in the classrooms. This can be a major help for the teachers to
teach students effectively with the virtual reality which enables the students to grab the
understanding of concepts in much more effective way.
Student Centred learning: - This is one of the most traditional teaching methods in
which the students are encouraged to do something creative and be active in the classes rather
than involving in activities like writing an essay or listening to lectures. This method suggests
that the teachers should encourage the students to take participation in the group activities. The
great example of this approach is to involve the students in taking participation in debates,
exhibitions, cultural activities etc. and the teachers job is to encourage the students to take part in
the activities. At the last, this method reflects that the teachers must ask students to show the
talents that they learned in the classes(Patel, K.M. and Moxham, B.J., 2008).
Conclusion
From the above report it has been concluded that intelligence plays an important role in
the life students as well as teachers. The above discussed Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple
Intelligences reflects that the different people have different skills of learning the concepts and
facts. It has also been analysed that the different multiple intelligence theories has a great impact
on an individual life. The different types of person have a different type a intelligence theories,
some famous persons that have the respective intelligence theory are also mentioned in the above
report(Sedov, S.A., 2019). At the last, various teaching methods that helps the teachers to learn
students new facts are also fully explained in the above report.
7

References
Becker, W.E. and Watts, M., 1995. Teaching tools: Teaching methods in undergraduate
economics. Economic Inquiry, 33(4), pp.692-700.
Chan, D.W., 2006. Perceived multiple intelligences among male and female Chinese gifted
students in Hong Kong: The structure of the student multiple intelligences
profile. Gifted Child Quarterly, 50(4), pp.325-338.
Ekinci, B., 2014. The relationships among Sternberg's triarchic abilities, Gardner's multiple
intelligences, and academic achievement. Social Behavior and Personality: an
international journal, 42(4), pp.625-633.
Gardner, H., 2011. Multiple intelligences: Reflections after thirty years. Washington, DC:
National Association of Gifted Children Parent and Community Network.
Hopper, B. and Hurry, P., 2000. Learning the MI way: The effects on students’ learning of using
the theory of multiple intelligences. Pastoral Care in Education, 18(4), pp.26-32.
Hughes, K.H. and Hood, L.J., 2007. Teaching methods and an outcome tool for measuring
cultural sensitivity in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Transcultural
Nursing, 18(1), pp.57-62.
Kornhaber, M.L. and Gardner, H., 2013. Multiple intelligences: developments in implementation
and theory. In Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice (pp. 257-
278). Routledge.
Maker, C.J., Nielson, A.B. and Rogers, J.A., 1994. Multiple intelligences: Giftedness, diversity,
and problem-solving. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(1), p.4.
Patel, K.M. and Moxham, B.J., 2008. The relationships between learning outcomes and methods
of teaching anatomy as perceived by professional anatomists. Clinical Anatomy: The
Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and the British
Association of Clinical Anatomists, 21(2), pp.182-189.
Plucker, J.A., Callahan, C.M. and Tomchin, E.M., 1996. Wherefore art thou, multiple
intelligences? Alternative assessments for identifying talent in ethnically diverse and
low income students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 40(2), pp.81-91.
Rettig, M., 2005. Using the Multiple Intelligences to Enhance Instruction for Young Children
and Young Children with Disabilities. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(4).
Sedov, S.A., 2019. Modern lessons’ construction based on the taxonomy of pedagogical
objectives and the multiple intelligences theory. International Journal of Educational
Management.
Shearer, C.B. and Karanian, J.M., 2017. The neuroscience of intelligence: Empirical support for
the theory of multiple intelligences?. Trends in neuroscience and education, 6, pp.211-
223.
8