High Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles: Impacts & Strategies

This report provides an in-depth analysis of High Reliability Organizations (HROs) within the healthcare sector. It explores the concept of HROs, emphasizing their role in ensuring safety, quality, and efficiency. The report discusses the characteristics of HROs, such as resilience, expertise, and anticipation, and their application in high-risk environments. It examines the impacts of HRO principles, including improved service quality, enhanced safety culture, and proactive problem-solving. Furthermore, the report investigates strategies to maximize the impacts of HROs, focusing on continuous improvement, patient safety, and effective leadership. The analysis also considers potential challenges and negative impacts, such as the need for constant quality improvement efforts and the importance of proper change management. Ultimately, the report highlights the significance of HROs in delivering superior patient care and setting benchmarks for other industries.

RESEARCH

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Theme 1: Understanding concept of high Reliability Organization (HRO) in providing
healthcare services.......................................................................................................................3
Theme 2 : Effects and impacts of high Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles...................5
Theme 3: Understanding the strategies used to maximize the impacts of High reliability
organization .................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

MAIN BODY
Theme 1: Understanding concept of high Reliability Organization (HRO) in providing healthcare
services
According to Sanders (2020) high reliability organization is one that is having the
predictable and the repeatable systems that are very efficient in catching the errors that are likely
to happen before they actually happen. Furthermore, such type of organizations are very well in
achieving their set missions in spite of having massive complexity and high level of risk.
Moreover, such type of organizations have the following characteristics of remaining committed
to resilience and having high level of expertise. However, Grabowski and Roberts (2019) stated
that such category of the firm is only good in healthcare service organization where risk level is
very high and thus the people are more dependent on the positive outcomes in regard to the any
kind of failure. Thus, it might not be applied in those firm where there high reliability is been
required like the small fashion store outlet. Furthermore, Fusco and et.al., (2020) stated that
leaders that are working in such organizations are highly dependable on those employees within
the workplace that have most developed knowledge of the tasks at the hand. Moreover, in
context of health care services in Saudi it can be said that all the health care services provider
that claims to be HRO are able to achieve the required amount of safety, quality and efficiency
goals.
Furthermore, such concepts are been applied to organizations like NASA, aircraft and air
traffic controller as these cannot take the risks of being error free but ensures that all the potential
areas of failures are been identified earlier so that maximum positive results are been achieved.
Moreover, the such organizations are able to run successfully over the years because they are
having the higher level of anticipation and resilience so that all the future negative outcomes
might be overcome in efficient manner. However, Rosen and et.al., (2018) argued that most of
the people believes that health care services are completely error free and thus best treatments I
been offered every time. However, such kind of anticipation is wrong as unexpected events could
also sometimes shape into the worst case scenarios that are earlier unknown to most of the
people. Furthermore, the health care services now are adopting the right kind of leadership skills
so that all the organization task might be manged in effective manner and the employees of the
firm might be directed towards the right path to achieve the certain predefined goals. On the
other hand Habibzadeh and et.al., (2019) argued that claiming HRO is not only the required

things but it is very essential that management of the heath care services provider is very well
aware that right kind of training tools and meetings are been undertaken so that chances of errors
are very minimum among the employees.
Furthermore, it is very much essential that such type of organizations are very good at
organizing the people, process and fairly penalizing the mistakes so that better outputs are
derived in the end. Also, Torkayesh and et.al., (2021) stated that such type of organization does
not require huge marketing campaign or resource investment that is otherwise need be most of
the firms. This is because that people think that such type of firms are highly reliable and
therefore chances of the errors are also very less. Also, it is been seen that high performing
organizations such as healthcare are ones that follows the working of the firm based on three
pillars such as using the Improvement Process platforms, adopting the patient safety culture and
the showing the commitment to the team work. Thus, all these pillars are the basis through which
the best decision are taken by the management team of the health care services providers so that
complicated procedures are carried out in the simplest form and also the valuable decision are
been used for the later working of the business.
However, Stadhouders and et.al., (2019) argued that even though health care service
providers are categorized into HRO it is been noticeably seen that these organizations have to put
constant efforts of increasing quality and finding the new ways of improvement. Furthermore,
they are in constant pressure of developing the focused learning culture through using the right
kind of tools and developing the optimal patient care environment so that best quality might be
delivered every time. Moreover, another major competent of HRO organization is one where
patient safety is of prime importance. Also, the major focus is on addressing all healthcare
burnouts so that all the negative effects might be reduced to large extent. Moreover, such
burnouts are been classified as the errors, infections, decreased patient satisfaction and much
more.
Also, such type of HRO firms are only developed when psychological safety is been
provided which means that all the front line workers of the companies feel empowered to speak
up the and feel comfortable enough to say when they feel that something is not working quite
well in right direction. Furthermore, another major competent of HRO is developing the
continuous learning system which is transparent so that maximum benefits might be gained and
also it will help the employees of the health care providers to learn and grow in the most

systematic manner. On the other hand Epstein and et.al., (2019) critically argued that if the
health care systems lack well-designed learning system than it would only create the care issues
in all type of working within the different levels of department. Thus, it can be said that HRO
organization are ones that reflects attitudes and behaviors of the people that are delivering any
type of care services. Furthermore, HRO sets the framework that shows that all the components
work together so that best facilities and patient care services might be provided to large number
of people and masses in most systemic manner (Gao and Sunyaev, 2019). Also, through
implementing the best HRO model the firm would be able to deliver the best care facilities
throughout the whole communities across the world and set examples for other business other
too. Furthermore, through the use of the new robust processes within the workplace better
outcomes are surely to achieve in health care services providers in coming years.
Theme 2 : Effects and impacts of high Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles
According to Bania and et.al., (2022) HRO impacts means that there needs to be
consistent excellence in the quality and all the services that are maintained over long period.
Furthermore, major impact that such organizations have is that they deliver the highest quality
services and eliminate all kinds of quality failures that does not usually exist in current times
within the health care services. Moreover, major effects of such firms is that people of the
organizations have the heightened awareness of the relevant systems and processes that are
causing the problems and further such errors are eliminated through taking the corrective actions
on time so that the same mistake is not repeated in the future. Furthermore, Aceto, Persico and
Pescapé (2020) stated that impacts of best HRO organizations in health care systems is that they
are having safety culture workplace where all the staff could speak up openly about any negative
activities that is occurring within the firm. Thus, this ensures that best opportunities are find out
for the future and also best lasting change might be easily implemented within the firm.
Moreover, it can be said that when the workforce is empowered in the right manner than it
tends to deliver the high quality outputs that are needed for maintaining the organization
standards in long run. However, Shi and et.al. (2020) argued that through such HRO
organization tends to deliver the highest results but in-spite of it can be said that if the best
available methods are not taken and set of tools are not used properly then it would impact the
competencies in the negative manner. Moreover, change management systematic approach had
to be used by the firm otherwise it would not be able to claim as the best HRO firm that is

purely based on the delivering the excellent quality. Furthermore, in the working of the health
care systems there are large number of the complexities that causes problems in the carrying out
the successful activities and therefore if there is lack of proper management team that is
efficient (enough) than it would simply result in the wastage of human efforts and cause adverse
impact on those who claims to be HRO. Also, it can be said that impacts of high Reliability
organization is that they tend to implement the best reliability enhancing strategies through
conducting the proper examination which means that people associated with such type of
organization would rely on completely having the best outcomes to be achieved in the end.
Moreover, such organization are the ones that are not only good in quality services but also
having standardized systems that attract most of the people for future reliability of services.
Also, effects of such type of firms is that these firms are well effective in creating the
environment where all kinds of potential problems are anticipated and there is better respond
system that ensure smooth functioning over the years.
On the contradictory note, Brown, (2018) Depicted that HRO is the organization that
used to achieve the safety, quality and goals by having the major five principles. These principles
used to have both negative and positive impact that helps them to grow in the market. There is
the great impact of HRO as these organizations are related with providing the high class facilities
to the patients. In order to do, so they have to maintain the consistency in quality and safety
related with all services that are maintained for the long term. They must have the high level of
performance by eliminating the major quality failures that does not exist in the recent health care.
As not every failure is basically obsessed with the major disaster in the HRO as most of
the problems used to results with the small ones. The decision- making in the HRO is needed to
be understand and this makes the people to actually do the work. HRO depends on the front line
employees in order to accurately and completely rely on the conditions in order raise that what is
going wrong in the companies. There are some people who are more known about the given
subject so this helps them to make the right decisions. It is very important as this helps them to
know what is going wrong and having bad impact on the HRO. The team members used to learn
and identify the errors that are required to be get corrected and have the innovative solutions to
improve them. By this there will be positive impact on the working in HRO and used to have
skilled and talented employees that provides them better opportunity in the competitive market.
The HROs also used to spend lots of time in order to think about what might fail and how to

overcome from such failure. This must be understand by them as this helps them to improves the
problems and identify the best cause that helps them to have effective solution in the market.
Theme 3: Understanding the strategies used to maximize the impacts of High reliability
organization
According to Polonsky, (2019) suggest to High Reliability Organization is the type of
organization that helps to succeed in order to avoid the catastrophes in the environment in which
the normal activities can be done due to the risk factors and complexity in the market. There are
different strategies that helps the HRO to maximize the impact of this. The normal accidents and
HRO theories used to show some characteristics, the HROs also shows the same characteristics.
By having the focus on the quality improvement in the healthcare services, there are some skills
that are needed to be measure which used to have sustainable improvements as this is considered
as one of the important part to maximize the impact of High reliability organization. Further
Grabowski and Roberts, (2019) also suggests that this is one of the most important organization
that helps the patients and their families to have the proper health care services. These also
includes the leadership, safety culture, dedication towards the continuous learning and
improvement. By having precautions with the failure it helps the person to have better culture in
order to improve the reliability by having better process. As nowadays everyone is so focused on
the errors and near learning which helps them to overcome from the negative impact in the
market. In order to achieve the High reliability the organization used to require the three
fundamental underlying systems or pillars. These are access to and consistent, improvement in
the process platform, culture to patient safety and the radical commitment towards the teamwork.
These are the successful organization in Saudi that used to complete their mission rather than
having the high risk and complexity. It includes the Federal Aviation, Air crafts carriers, NASA,
etc. This organization helps the people to know about the proactive problems which helps them
to solve in the systematic way. Moreover Harolds, (2022) says that in related with the health
care services in the Saudi it can be concluded that all the health care services provider in HRO
must be required to achieve amount of safety, quality and efficiency goals to satisfy the patients
and their families. This helps them to improve the things by providing them better training and
developments programs in the market.
On the contradictory note Zadeh and Haggerty, (2021) suggest that there are five key
principles of the High reliability organization that are very important in order to improve the

initiative to get succeed. These are deference to expertise, reluctance to simplify, preoccupation
with failure, sensitivity to operate and commitment to resilience. By having the preoccupation
with the failure is one of the best strategy that helps the organization to get safe from the
negative impact in the market. High reliability science is basically the study of the organizations
like the Commerical aviations, hazardous conditions that are required to maintain the safety
levels better than the health care. The hospitals used to make the substantial progress towards
HRO by undertaking the specific changes and initiative in the market. Further the research and
practical experience are most necessary to have the proper facilities in the Health care sectors.
The necessary pieces that helps in developing the sustaining the culture and systems which helps
to have the accessible learning.
Further Engemann, (2018) says that there is the model sin order to have safety and
reliability care in the HRO. This model was proposed in 1975 that helps the organization to have
the best and mindful culture. The nurses and doctors must be trained which helps to have they
positive impact on the patients in the high reliability organizations. The main idea behind the
models is to have the healthcare professionals to provide best in the healthcare environment. The
most effective solution in order to improve the quality improvement is to work with
collaboration. The pinnacle of the culture is to generate the culture by having the full safety in
the organizations. According to ... suggests that the HRO thrives as because of the leadership
used to take charge , engage staff, promotes the culture of the safety and have continuous
learning and improvement in the HRO's. The effective leadership is the one of the important
component of the HRO. The organization by having the proactive culture must have the effective
leadership in Saudi which helps them to have better strategy to achieve the goals in the
organization. These organizations also used to have nevertheless focus in order to have better
culture process but not a destination.
Furthermore Thomas, Pandit and Krevat, (2020) contradicts that the HRO operations
must have the good attitude with the employees as they must provide them training and
development. As when the companies used to move forward with the culture based high
reliability characteristics they must have the better learning. This learning must be their routine
activity that helps them to develop their knowledge in the market. It is basically the
responsibility of the leaders to be aware of providing training and development that used to
improve the performance of the employees. As nowadays most of the companies are investing

their financial resources in order to provide the best training and development to their
employees. This is one of the rapidly growing sector so the employees and other staff are
required to have training and development in order to have better competition in the market. This
can be considered as one of the most important strategy that helps the company to have better
health care services. By this the employees used to become more responsive and agile by having
changes through training and development. By developing the skills this helps them to have
better jobs and this will benefit both organization and employees as well.
From the point of view of Jahn, Myers and Putnam, (2018) says that it is too difficult for
the company to maintain the impact strategy in order to have better impact on the working in the
healthcare organizations. If the employees are not properly trained or developed it used to have
great impact on their working and affects the working of company. So it is very important
strategy for the HRO to provide the best evaluation of the employees and thus helps them to
provide the best health care facilities. Every employee in the company used to get a chance in
order to get a challenge and push themselves in order to have proper management and better
facilities to the patients and their families.

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