Worksheet for Evaluating a Health Research Study Report

This document provides a template for evaluating a health research study report. It includes sections for assessing the front matter, statement of the problem, literature review, research design, data analysis, and conclusion. The evaluation is based on criteria such as the quality of the content, relevance, and overall assessment.

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
HST2122 Assessment 2
Worksheet for Evaluating a Health Research Study Report
Instructions: Use this template to record your evaluation of the article that you have critiqued for Assessment 2. See separate instructions for detailed guidance on completing the assessment.
NOTE: Hide or remove the rows in the summary table, and pages of the detailed critique, not relating to the article chosen for critique. Your summary table should reflect the score and overall
assessment are given (and supported by evidence) for each component, in the detailed tables to follow. The current row width can be expanded as high as necessary to provide a complete
base of evidence.
Reviewer’s Name:
End-text citation of article critiqued:
XXXX
Summary Table
Component of evaluation Max
score
Score Overall assessment of component
Part A: Evaluating the Front Matter in a Research Report 12 The front matter portrays the content of the report. The abstract of the report contains the necessary
information. The authors of the journals are experts of their respective field. The front matter is of good
quality.
Part B: Evaluating the Statement of the Problem in a
Research Report
18 The topic was regarding, how mobile apps have brought a change in the lifestyle of the people. By using
those apps a large group of people is benefitted. The data provided in the report are clearly stated.
Part C: Evaluating the Literature Review in a Research
Report
21 The literature used for reviewing the report is of high quality and the sources from where the contents
are taken are all reliable. The review was critically analyzed and documented.
Part D: Evaluating a Purpose in a Research Report 21 The purpose of the study has been clearly stated. The focus of the study and the participants involved in
the study was appropriate.
Part E1: Evaluating the Research Design in a Quantitative
Research Report
6 Quantitative Research design is used properly for this study and the participants involved in the study
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 1

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
were all correct.
Part F1: Evaluating the Participants and Data Collection in a
Quantitative Research Report
21 The sample size and strategy are appropriate and justified. Ethical quantitative data collecting
procedures have been applied for collecting data.
Part G1: Evaluating the Data Analysis and Results in a
Quantitative Research Report
18 The data so gathered was well prepared. Good analysis and testing procedures for collecting data were
conducted. The result provided was informative and systematic.
Part E2: Evaluating the Research Design in a Qualitative
Report
9
Part F2: Evaluating the Participants and Data Collection in a
Qualitative Report
18
Part G2: Evaluating the Data Analysis and Findings in a
Qualitative Report
21
Part H: Evaluating the Conclusion and Back Matter in a
Research Report
21 Based on the above-stated facts, this research report so obtained can be considered as an outcome of
the highly qualified research conducted.
Quantitative maximum possible score / total score given
And Overall assessment
0 - 68 = Low Quality
69- 106 = Adequate Quality
107- 138 =High Quality
Quant
max
=138
Qualitative maximum possible score / total score given
And Overall assessment
0 - 70 = Low Quality
71- 109 = Adequate Quality
110- 141 =High Quality
Qual
max
=141
Summary evaluation and justification
Lifestyle behaviour and weight gain during college can contribute to the future health issues. The population may not have the required self-monitoring skills to maintaining the healthy lifestyle
behaviours. The main purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the use of the mobile health application which is designed for tracking physical activity and diet and
health behaviours of the college students. A cross-section study was carried out with 401 university students for completing the survey in order to assess the physical activity, lifestyle
choices, eating behaviour and usage of mobile health app. The result depicted that the users of the mobile health app had higher scores significantly for the eating behaviour in comparison to
the non-users. The impact of using is seen in the improvement of eating behaviour. The participants who used the app are feeling healthier, increase physical activity, encouraged to eat
healthier and better self-monitoring of exercise and food intake (Sarcona, Kovacs, Wright & Williams, 2017). A study depicted that young people use the health-related app more in
comparison to the 65 years old people. It is being found that the app helped to weight loss among the younger participants between the age of 16 to 30 years in comparing to the older age
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 2

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
groups who are between 31 to 50 years and 50 to 70 years. Male participants scored higher for physical activity and lifestyle and female participants scored higher for the eating behaviour.
The difference between mobile health app and gender is not seen. Ethnic minority women in college are seen to be more vulnerable to obesity and overnight. However, there is no difference
found among non-whites versus whites in the use of the mobile application. The study did not determine that the obese and overweight individual uses more mobile health apps in comparison
to normal weight individuals. The obese respondents were 3.2 times more than the normal weight subjected to using the application and achieve the health behaviour objectives. The
implementations of effective techniques for treating the high obesity rate are significant to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases. The app users have more positive eating behaviours in
comparison to non-users. Exercise and healthy eating habits are a significant component of health promotion and chronic disease prevention.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 3

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Part A: Evaluating the Front Matter in a Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The study’s authors and
journal are reputable.
Sarcona, A., Kovacs, L., Wright, J., & Williams,
C. (2017). Differences in Eating Behavior,
Physical Activity, and Health-related Lifestyle
Choices between Users and Nonusers of Mobile
Health Apps. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318354
121_Differences_in_Eating_Behavior_Physical_A
ctivity_and_Health-
related_Lifestyle_Choices_between_Users_and_
Nonusers_of_Mobile_Health_Apps
Alessandra Sarcoma, West Chester University
Josephine Wright
Laura Kovacs
Christine Williams
2. The title reflects the content
and focus of the study.
Differences in eating behavior, physical activity,
and health-related lifestyle choices between
users
and nonusers of mobile health apps.
The article has mainly focused on the change in the eating habit of the people using
health-related mobile app.
3. The abstract concisely but
accurately summarises the
aim, methodology and main
findings of the report.
Aim, methodology and main finding of the report. Low physical activity and unhealthy food habit are quite common among Australian
students and adolescents. Obesity and overweight are posing a major health challenge.
Mobile apps play a very important role in managing health-promoting strategies. Health
apps are very important in promoting healthy nutrition, sound physical activities and
preventing overweight. Health app can be used as a monitoring tool for promoting health
promotion strategies. Apps can be used to set targets, increase self‐monitoring and
increase awareness.
Research has revealed that some apps like ePASS, eVIP, eSIYP, eTIYP focuses on the
risk of getting overweight. Apps like Ak-Shen, FRapp, App-Hongu, MoSeBo/DiaTrace
mainly focuses on user group aging between 11-18 years. More than 23% of Australian
adolescents have downloaded free apps on a daily basis. Smartphones are more often
used by young and middle-aged people. 66% of the people with no chronic condition are
reported to have downloaded the health app. 53.4% of the people with one chronic
condition are reported to have downloaded the health app (Sarcona, Kovacs, Wright &
Williams, 2017). 38.5% of the respondent without a health condition have downloaded the
health app. An individual with physical activity habit is more likely to use a health app than
one without physical activity habit. Health apps are used two times or more by 21.3% of
the population without a health condition, 2.7% of the population with hypertension, 13.1%
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 4

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
of the population with obesity, 12.3% of the population with diabetes, 12.0% of the
population with depression, and 16.6% of the population with high cholesterol.
In the above-mentioned survey so conducted, it can be concluded that individuals using
health app are more physically active and enjoy sound health. Health apps continuously
monitor the activities of the person using the app. As smartphones are mostly used by
young and middle-aged people, so the problem of obesity in the adolescent people can
also be brought under control. Health app ensures regular adherence to the disease
management programme and in this way chronic illness can be prevented. Health app
ensures adherence to medication and helps in making healthy lifestyle choices. However,
from this survey, the belief of the healthy person regarding health app is known but it is
unknown what belief people with chronic conditions hold regarding health app.
General Evaluation
4. The front matter accurately
reflects the content of the
report and allows an
evaluation of relevance.
- The abstract was well written.
- Brief information about the authors has also been provided in the front matter.
- All the authors were experts in their respective fields.
Overall Quality Part A
0 - 6 = Low quality
7 - 9 = Adequate quality
10 - 12 = High quality
Total
Part A
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part A =
The topic was quite interesting as it deals with changes in the lifestyle brought forward by
using apps. The problem was clearly stated and the importance of awareness is also
justified. The data was also neatly presented.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 5

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Part B: Evaluating the Statement of the Problem in a Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The topic is interesting. Wang, Q., Egelandsdal, B., Amdam, G., Almli,
V., & Oostindjer, M. (2016). Diet and Physical
Activity Apps: Perceived Effectiveness by App
Users.
Physical activity app has increased the level of health status and physical activity. This
research is mainly focused on the potential of the apps to influence individual behavior, the
efficiency of the apps to influence individual behavior and to identify what kind of app the
users mainly prefer. The main purpose of this research is to identify the mechanism, which
influences the physical activity behavior in the physical activity app. Regular physical
activities are quite effective in preventing both primary and secondary chronic diseases.
Physical activities also reduce the chances of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic health
issues, obesity-related conditions, stroke, and another related heart disease. Physical
activities can improve mental health, cognitive functioning, and academic performance.
Health apps have emerged as a potential tool for increasing the level of physical activity
and health status (Wang, Egelandsdal, Amdam, Almli & Oostindjer, 2016).
2. There is a meaningful problem. Change in the lifestyle has raised the possibility
of developing chronic diseases.
45.9% of the population using physical activity app was within the age group of 35 to 54
years. 82.1% of the population using physical activity app are white population. 94.2% of
the population using physical activity app are of Latino ethnicity. 51.2% of the population
using physical activity app are females. 41% of the respondents use the physical activity
app on a daily basis. 48.3% of the respondents use the physical activity app many times a
week.
3. The importance of the problem
is justified.
Research has shown that due to change in the
eating habit many young people are facing the
threats of obesity.
This research is to find out what behavioral changes have been incorporated by the
physical activity app and to explore the relationship between the mechanism of behavioral
change and the actual change in physical activity.
4. There are deficiencies in
knowledge about the problem.
Despite tremendous efforts in this regard, the
problem of obesity cannot be curbed totally
because of peoples' ignorance in this regard.
The victim must know that unhealthy food habits can increase obesity, which in turn can
increase the possibility of developing chronic diseases. Healthy food habits help people to
live long and stay fit.
5. There are audiences who can
benefit from the missing
knowledge.
Parents, young people, educators, and health
care personnel.
The lives of the victim's parents got affected, the victims may become unable to attend
school regularly due to illness and staying unfit.
General Evaluation
6. The passage is well written. - The subject matter was covered.
- There is a logical flow of information throughout the article.
- The presentation of the data was orderly.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 6

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Overall Quality Part B
0 - 9 = Low quality
10 - 14 = Adequate quality
15 - 18 = High quality
Total
Part B
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part B =
The topic was of social importance as people must pay attention to their health. In this
particular article, it has been stated how apps can change the lifestyle of people.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 7

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Part C: Evaluating the Literature Review in a Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The review includes relevant
literature.
Caburnay, C., Graff, K., Harris, J., McQueen,
A., Smith, M., Fairchild, M., & Kreuter, M.
(2015). Evaluating Diabetes Mobile
Applications for Health Literate Designs and
Functionality. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12.
doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140433
The study focuses mainly on the effectiveness of the app to promote healthy eating. Apps
are convenient to use and are cost-effective at the same time. Most of the apps are less
time consuming and easy to use. The users have asserted that apps have brought a
change in their daily lifestyle by recommending healthy food habits and physical activities.
The problem of obesity and overweight has remarkably decreased by adhering to the daily
regime as suggested by the app.
2. The review examines sources
that are recent and of high
quality.
The article highlights changes in the lifestyle of
the people and eating habit after using this app.
Mobile applications encourage physical activity and healthy lifestyle. Apps are growing
health concern among the public by encouraging physical activity. Though many relations
between using of app and change in physical activity is not known it can certainly be
stated that mobile apps to promote a healthy lifestyle among masses. Using apps is
positively related to feeling better about oneself (Caburnay et al., 2015). The main aim of
this research study is to reveal the relationship between app usage and change in the
physical activity, lifestyle, and health of the individual. The app is helpful in improving the
self-images of the user. Research is needed to determine the relationship between using
the app and developing healthy physical behavior.
3. The literature review is
appropriately documented.
Online service has increased the number of
planning and supports the overall growth of
human beings due to the positive utilization of
this planning.
58% of the respondent has agreed that the use of physical activity app has increased their
desire to stay healthy. 56% of the respondent has agreed that the use of physical activity
app has increased their desire to stay physically active. 46.4% of the respondent has
agreed that the use of physical activity app has helped them in setting their goal to be
physically active.
4. The literature is thoughtfully
synthesized.
With the increase in the use of information and
technology communication in every sector, a
revolution has been brought on the
communication sector.
The apps are useful in changing the behavior pattern among the users of the app. The app
users are finding it increasingly convenient and cost-effective to use. Earlier they have to
visit the clinic of a dietician to get a suggestion regarding a healthy diet to curb down
obesity but now this particular function is performed by the apps. This is not only cost-
effective but has also helped in time management of the people. The health apps enable
one to document and analyze what one eats and drinks in a day. As the apps are
calculating the calorie intake of an individual, they can easily prevent one from overeating
and thus prevent obesity.
5. The literature is critically
examined.
The literature has illustrated the potential
impact of using the app on both immediate as
well as an indirect factor on the behavior of
young people.
Smartphones that make use of the app on digital assistance have increased compliance
and had resulted in a better outcome. Health apps use a movement sensor to track
walking, cycling and running. As these apps track exercise, the individuals can check the
physical activities performed by them. Majority of the health apps do suggest workout
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 8

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
routines to the individuals. Most of the apps can read the bar code on the foods and the
drinks to calculate the calories. Medication reminder app reminds individuals to intake
medicines on time and they are particularly helpful when an individual has to intake
multiple medicines at different times of the day.
General Evaluation
6. The study has a strong
foundation in the literature.
The study illustrates how many people have
been benefitted by using the mobile app. The
health apps are helping people to stay healthy
and fit by following a regular health regime.
The purpose of this research is to find out what behavioral changes have been
incorporated by the physical activity app and to explore the relationship between the
mechanism of behavioral change and the actual change in physical activity. A majority
have stated that the use of physical activity app has increased their desire to stay healthy
and fit. A few respondents have reported that physical activity app has enhanced their
knowledge regarding disease from physical inactivity.
7. The use of the literature fits the
study's overall research
approach.
Physical activities and healthy eating are
important among children to prevent obesity.
Physical activities help people to stay fit.
Studies have revealed that people using health app have the strongest urge for performing
healthy physical activity. Chronically ill patients believe that health apps have the potential
to improve their health conditions. As smartphones can be used anywhere, so health apps
have the potential to reach many people and contribute to their health promotions and
health protections. In response to the global digitalization, the terms “healthcare mobile
app development" and "mHealth apps" have emerged. The demand for mobile health app
has increased among both physicians and patients. The health app can urgently provide
advice and feedback.
Overall Quality Part C
0 - 10 = Low quality
11 - 16 = Adequate quality
17 - 21 = High quality
Total
Part C
Score =
The literature reviewed is of high quality and the sources used are reliable and relevant.
The review has been critically analyzed and thoroughly documented.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part D: Evaluating a Purpose in a Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The study's purpose is clearly
specified.
Yes, the purpose of the study is clearly
specified.
The purpose of the study is to reveal how the participants have found the app helpful and
easy to use. Some studies have revealed that the accuracy of the diet and nutrition
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 9

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
measurements involving smartphone devices and personal data assistants are correct.
The use of apps has facilitated better dietary compliance for lower calorie, low fat, and
high fiber foods. Doing physical activities have resulted in more weight loss. Apps are a
low-cost intervention for improving diet, nutrition and addressing obesity among the
masses (Anderson, Burford & Emmerton, 2016).
2. The focus of the study is
appropriate.
How the health app has introduced behavioral
changes.
This research report has analyzed the effectiveness of the smartphone app to improve diet
and nutrients among the population. This study has further examined, how far has the diet
helped in reducing weight. App has the potential to improve the accuracy of self dietary
intake in weight control mechanism. Smartphone reduces the burden of paperwork in
monitoring dietary intake.
3. The overall intent of the study
is appropriate.
To bring health awareness among people by
introducing the use of health app.
Respondents prefer applications that are quick and easy to administer and increase
awareness regarding the intake of food and weight management. Smartphone recording
regarding food intake is found to be moderately good than the traditional method. Apps are
useful and are low-cost intervention for promoting healthy eating and weight loss.
4. The participants and sites are
appropriate.
Young people, parents, and adolescents. The apps also improve health by preventing overweight and obesity among the masses.
Apps increase the physical activity level among the users by making the users of the app
aware of the daily amount of physical activity and by encouraging them to exercise. The
app mainly focuses on the intake of fruits and vegetables in the diet to increase dietary
fiber, which checks obesity. Some apps focus especially on the high risk associated with
obesity and prescribe measures to remain fit and healthy. Apps help in self-monitoring the
intake of the diet.
5. The purpose is narrowed
through appropriate research
questions and/or hypotheses.
The major reason that increases the problem of
obesity among young people.
Mobile apps can promote healthy nutrition and physical activities among the masses to
keep themselves fit. Healthy eating prevents overweight in adolescents and students.
Mobile apps are effective in health promotion. Effectiveness of health promotion apps
depends on theoretical mechanisms for changing behavior. Theory-based interventions
use one or more theories for their development. Apps aimed at improving health by
promoting healthy eating habit and incorporating physical activities in the regime.
General Evaluation
6. The purpose follows logically
from the statement of the
problem and literature review.
Various studies have revealed low awareness
about using the mobile application among the
parents. A positive relationship between
parents and children can develop health
awareness among them by using health apps.
Smartphones are convenient to use as it can be carried everywhere. The apps allow
accessing the picture before and after the consumption of food and beverages by users.
Most apps are a part of a prevention programme. The apps like ePASS, eVIP, eSIYP, and
eTIYP mainly focus on a healthy lifestyle programme. The CHAT app supports students
through text messages.
7. The purpose is consistent with
the study's overall approach.
To increase health awareness by promoting the
use of mobile apps.
Apps help in self-monitoring the intake of the diet. In most of the apps, the apps allow
specifying the type and intensity of the physical activity. The apps measure the physical
activity level with the help of inbuilt sensors like pedometer or accelerometer.
Overall Quality Part D Total My Overall Assessment of Part D =
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 10

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
0 - 10 = Low quality
11 - 16 = Adequate quality
17 - 21 = High quality
Part D
Score =
The purpose of the study has been clearly stated. The focus of the study has been clearly
mentioned and the participants involved in the survey were appropriate.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part E1: Evaluating the Research Design in a Quantitative Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The choice of the research
design is appropriate and
justified.
The research design was developed based on
the quantitative research process.
Due to high competition in the international market, there is a positive support for
enhancing overgrowth in a market.
General Evaluation
2. The study used a rigorous
research design.
By adopting strategic planning for understanding the major factor influencing the
research project in a systematic way.
Overall Quality Part E
0-2= Low quality
3- 4= Adequate quality
5-6= High quality
Total
Part E
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part E =
The quantitative research approach has been used for this study and the research has
been conducted by going through a rigorous process.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 11

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part F1: Evaluating the Participants and Data Collection in a Quantitative Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The sampling strategy is
appropriate and justified.
The sampling strategy has been systematically
laid out.
A different strategic method has been adopted in this research work for establishing
correct data analysis of collected data.
2. The sample size is appropriate
and justified.
Yes, the sample size is appropriate and
justified.
The research conducted with a number of participants is considered correct.
3. High-quality instruments are
used to gather data.
Survey questionnaires. It is necessary for establishing research work in a systematic process and significantly
understanding the result of that research work.
4. The data are gathered using
ethical quantitative procedures.
Application survey process. This data collection supports the major factor that increases the use of mobile apps
among young people. Increase in the application of internet communication influences
the socialization status of the public.
5. The data are gathered using
standardized quantitative
procedures.
Primary and secondary In this particular research work, various secondary data collection measures have been
considered for understanding various theories which support the fact that health apps
are useful in increasing awareness among the public regarding health. A quantitative
method has been utilized for understanding data in various ways.
General Evaluation:
6. The study has a high level of
internal validity.
Ethical measure and implication of the data
protection act.
This type of data collection method is helpful for achieving the correct work.
7. The study has a high level of
external validity.
Different types of process have been adopted
for the accomplishment of research work.
There is positive support in this context to reduce the growing problem of obesity among
young people and to encourage them to stay healthy and fit.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 12

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Overall Quality Part F
0 - 10 = Low quality
11 - 16 = Adequate quality
17 - 21 = High quality
Total
Part F
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part F =
The sample size and the sampling strategy used are appropriate and justified. The data
is collected through a quantitative data collection method.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part G1: Evaluating the Data Analysis and Results in a Quantitative Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The data were rigorously
scored and prepared.
Well planned data deduction. Increase in the use of the internet has a great influence on the lifestyle of the people.
Apps aimed at improving health by promoting healthy eating habit and incorporating
physical activities in the regime. The apps also improve health by preventing overweight
and obesity among the masses. Apps increase the physical activity level among the
users by making the users of the app aware of the daily amount of physical activity and
by encouraging them to exercise. The app mainly focuses on the intake of fruits and
vegetables in the diet to increase dietary fiber, which checks obesity.
2. Good descriptive analyses
were conducted.
Descriptive data analysis techniques are used. 58% of the respondent has agreed that the use of physical activity app has increased
their desire to stay healthy. 56% of the respondent has agreed that the use of physical
activity app has increased their desire to stay physically active. 46.4% of the respondent
has agreed that the use of physical activity app has helped them in setting their goal to
be physically active.
3. Good hypothesis testing
procedures were used.
The procedure for hypothesis testing is
appropriate.
Using of the app has enhanced the knowledge of young people regarding healthy diet
and physical activities. The apps are less time consuming and more convenient to use
as smartphones can be carried anywhere.
4. The results are comprehensive. The influence of apps is described. App usage has brought behavioral changes among the users such as choosing low-fat
products, mineral water instead of sweetened beverages and counting calories. App
usage has reduced the tendency of purchasing ready-made meal instead are prepared
at home (Dallinga, Mennes, Alpay, Bijwaard & Faille-Deutekom, 2015). App users, unlike
non-users, have a tendency to consume low-fat products. App users, unlike non-users,
have a higher probability to undergo weight loss. Most of the app users have given
positive feedback regarding using such an app and has stated that using such app are
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 13

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
relatively easier. Most of the app users are of the view that the app could increase their
behavioral intention and eHealth literacy. Health behavior change is a central objective
of health promotion is often not maintained. However, there is no evidence to prove the
effectiveness of the app and the actual change in the health behavior of the app users.
Though for many using the app is fun but for some using the app is time-consuming. The
app users by seeking an understanding of eHealth information can guide their actions
accordingly.
5. The results include sufficient
information.
According to the article, using the app has a
positive impact on young people. The app
provides better opportunities to adolescents for
adopting healthy behavior.
Many applications relating to diet and nutrition are available in a smartphone. Apps
relating to diet and nutrition promote health research and practice. In this research, the
use of the application for promoting healthy diet and nutrition will be taken into account.
Obesity is mainly responsible for causing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other
chronic illness. This ill effect of obesity has promoted people to promote healthy eating
and weight control. Smartphone platforms have lowered the cost of maintaining a
healthy lifestyle. Apps provide a useful and low-cost way to spread information about
proper diet and nutrition. Apps include providing feedback, the setting of goals, healthy
intake of nutrients, weight tracking and planning social change and support. Most of the
theories are based on health behavior change and does not include evidence-based
recommendations for taking diet and nutrients. Smartphones app has been designed to
enhance the acceptability and affectivity of proper diet and nutrition necessary to lose
weight.
General Evaluation:
6. The data analysis represents a
good quantitative process.
Based on the data that are collected, several
factors have been identified regarding how
apps promote healthy eating and increases
awareness regarding staying fit and healthy.
This research report has analyzed the effectiveness of the smartphone app to improve
diet and nutrients among the population. This study has further examined, how far has
the diet helped in reducing weight. App has the potential to improve the accuracy of self
dietary intake in weight control mechanism. Smartphone reduces the burden of
paperwork in monitoring dietary intake. Smartphone recording regarding food intake is
found to be moderately good than the traditional method. Apps are useful and are low-
cost intervention for promoting healthy eating and weight loss.
Overall Quality Part G
0 - 9 = Low quality
10 - 14 = Adequate quality
15 - 18 = High quality
Total
Part G
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part G =
The data gathered was well prepared. Data analysis and testing of the procedures were
adopted appropriately. The result was systematic and informative.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 14

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Part E2: Evaluating the Research Design in a quantitative Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. A research design guides the
conduct of the quantitative
study.
Data has been collected through a survey of
people belonging to different age group.
23% of Australian adolescents have downloaded free apps on a daily basis.
Smartphones are more often used by young and middle-aged people. 66% of the people
with no chronic condition are reported to have downloaded the health app. 53.4% of the
people with one chronic condition are reported to have downloaded the health app.
38.5% of the respondent without a health condition have downloaded the health app. An
individual with physical activity habit is more likely to use a health app than one without
physical activity habit. Health apps are used two times or more by 21.3% of the
population without a health condition, 2.7% of the population with hypertension, 13.1% of
the population with obesity, 12.3% of the population with diabetes, 12.0% of the
population with depression, and 16.6% of the population with high cholesterol.
2. The choice of the research
design is appropriate and
justified.
The research has been conducted among
young as well as adult males.
Diet and physical activity app promote healthy eating and expenditure of energy through
dietary intake and physical activity. Previously no clear evidence had shown the
effectiveness of this app in promoting healthy eating and physical activity. This study has
aimed to identify how the users of diet and physical activity app are getting affected. This
study will also investigate if such an app is successful in bringing any change in diet and
physical activity.
General Evaluation:
3. The study used a rigorous
research design.
The study has adopted a quantitative approach
while collecting data.
70% of the m-health app publishers choose both ios and android platform. Telehealth
programmes are conducted to increase physical activity among older people. Telehealth
programmes also provide information on stroke prevention. Telehealth programs help
older people to access their health and help in health promotion.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 15

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Overall Quality Part E
0 – 4= Low quality
5 –7= Adequate quality
8 – 9= High quality
Total
Part E
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part E =
Quantitative approach has been taken while collecting data.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part F2: Evaluating the Participants and Data Collection in a quantitative Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The sampling strategy is
appropriate and justified.
The sampling strategy has been systematically
laid out.
A different strategic method has been adopted in this research work for establishing
correct data analysis of collected data.
2. The sample size is appropriate
and justified.
Yes, the sample size is appropriate and
justified.
The research conducted with a number of participants is considered correct.
3. The data types are appropriate. The data are collected by conducting a survey
of different people of different age group.
38.5% of the respondent without a health condition have downloaded the health app. An
individual with physical activity habit is more likely to use a health app than one without
physical activity habit. Health apps are used two times or more by 21.3% of the
population without a health condition, 2.7% of the population with hypertension, 13.1% of
the population with obesity, 12.3% of the population with diabetes, 12.0% of the
population with depression, and 16.6% of the population with high cholesterol (Miron-
Shatz & Ratzan, 2011).
4. The data are gathered using
rigorous quantitative
procedures.
Data are collected by conducting a survey and
reaction of people of different age group
towards using the health app.
The adolescents find it much easier to use the app as it is cost effective and convenient
to use. Smartphones are convenient to use as it can be carried everywhere. The apps
allow accessing the picture before and after the consumption of food and beverages by
users. Most apps are a part of a prevention programme. The apps like ePASS, eVIP,
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 16

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
eSIYP, and eTIYP mainly focus on a healthy lifestyle programme. The CHAT app
supports students through text messages.
5. Data collection issues are
handled ethically and
thoughtfully.
Application survey process. This data collection supports the major factor that increases the use of mobile apps
among young people. Increase in the application of internet communication influences
the socialization status of the public.
General Evaluation:
6. The database provides
extensive and credible
information about the central
phenomenon.
Different types of process have been adopted
for the accomplishment of research work.
Smartphones that make use of the app on digital assistance have increased compliance
and had resulted in a better outcome. Health apps use a movement sensor to track
walking, cycling and running. As these apps track exercise, the individuals can check the
physical activities performed by them. Majority of the health apps do suggest workout
routines to the individuals. Most of the apps can read the bar code on the foods and the
drinks to calculate the calories. Medication reminder app reminds individuals to intake
medicines on time and they are particularly helpful when an individual has to intake
multiple medicines at different times of the day.
Overall Quality Part F
0 - 9 = Low quality
10 - 14 = Adequate quality
15 - 18 = High quality
Total
Part F
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part F =
The sample size and the sampling strategy used are appropriate and justified. The data
is collected through a quantitative data collection method.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 17

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Part G2: Evaluating the Data Analysis and Findings in a quantitative Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The analysis process used
rigorous quantiative
procedures.
Well planned data deduction. Research has revealed that majority of the respondents was within the age group of
26 to 54 years. 45.9% of the population using physical activity app was within the
age group of 35 to 54 years. 82.1% of the population using physical activity app are
white population. 94.2% of the population using physical activity app are of Latino
ethnicity. 51.2% of the population using physical activity app are females. 41% of the
respondents use the physical activity app on a daily basis.
2. Strategies were used to
validate the findings.
Descriptive data analysis techniques are used. This is not only cost-effective but has also helped in time management of the people.
The health apps enable one to document and analyze what one eats and drinks in a
day. As the apps are calculating the calorie intake of an individual, they can easily
prevent one from overeating and thus prevent obesity (Coughlin et al., 2015).
3. The findings include a
description of the people,
places, or events in the study.
Findings include the data stating what
proportion of the people use health apps.
Using the apps is very convenient as people carry their smartphones with them
everywhere they go. People can easily track their weight loss and intake of calories
on these health apps. After performing all these research it is clear that mobile apps
are very effective in weight loss programme.
4. The findings include
appropriate themes about the
central phenomenon.
The main theme is to reduce obesity by
following apps related to physical activities.
The research has revealed that participants have found the app helpful and easy to
use. Some studies have revealed that the accuracy of the diet and nutrition
measurements involving smartphone devices and personal data assistants are
correct. The use of apps has facilitated better dietary compliance for lower calorie,
low fat, and high fiber foods. Doing physical activities have resulted in more weight
loss. Apps are a low-cost intervention for improving diet, nutrition and addressing
obesity among the masses. Respondents prefer applications that are quick and easy
to administer and increase awareness regarding the intake of food and weight
management.
5. The findings relate multiple
themes to each other.
The finding has revealed that using the app is
more common among people who are under
medication as the app reminds them to take
medicines on time. The app is more common
among younger people as older people
consider the app as time-consuming.
Digital medication reminder app reminds individuals to intake medicines on time. The
app is helpful for persons who are in taking multiple medicines at different times on
the same day.
General Evaluation:
6. The data analysis represents a
good quantiative process.
Data can provide accurate and effective
information regarding the usage of the app
among young people.
Health app generally serves two main functions of collecting or recording data and
providing access to health information in the form of nutrients, healthy diet and
workout routine. The health app makes individuals pay attention to what they eat and
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 18

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
how much they work out. Using apps consistently makes a difference in life. Health
apps use a movement sensor to track walking, cycling and running. Many health
apps do suggest workout routines.
7. The findings provide a good
exploration of the central
phenomenon.
The findings are able to establish to research
work properly which is mainly based on data
analysis.
Evidence has shown that people retain very little knowledge received from doctors
during their clinical visits. Primary caregivers recommend health apps to bring
behavioral changes and education among the users of the app.
Overall Quality Part G
0 - 10 = Low quality
11 - 16 = Adequate quality
17 - 21 = High quality
Total
Part G
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part G =
The data gathered was well prepared. Data analysis and testing of the procedures
were adopted appropriately. The result was systematic and informative.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
Part H: Evaluating the Conclusion and Back Matter in a Research Report
Quality Criteria Quality
Rating*
Identify Element
with evidence from the article
State Assessment with Reasoning
The Key Elements
1. The major results are identified
and summarized.
The results were described in details. The increased utilization of information technology has brought positive changes
among the public regarding the use of health app.
2. The results are thoughtfully
examined in relation to the
literature (and personal
reflections if appropriate).
Mobile applications encourage physical activity and healthy lifestyle. Apps are
growing health concern among the public by encouraging physical activity. Though
many relations between using of app and change in physical activity is not known it
can certainly be stated that mobile apps to promote a healthy lifestyle among
masses (Aija, 2016). Using apps is positively related to feeling better about oneself.
The main aim of this research study is to reveal the relationship between app usage
and change in the physical activity, lifestyle, and health of the individual. The app is
helpful in improving the self-images of the user. Research is needed to determine
the relationship between using the app and developing healthy physical behavior.
3. Appropriate implications of the
results for practice are
identified and justified.
The result can be implied for future use. Apps include providing feedback, the setting of goals, healthy intake of nutrients,
weight tracking and planning social change and support. Most of the theories are
based on health behavior change and does not include evidence-based
recommendations for taking diet and nutrients.
4. Thoughtful critiques of the
study’s limitations are provided
The limitation was mentioned in the front
matter.
App usage has reduced the tendency of purchasing ready-made meal instead are
prepared at home. App users, unlike non-users, have a tendency to consume low-fat
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 19

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
and appropriate for the
research approach.
products. App users, unlike non-users, have a higher probability to undergo weight
loss.
5. Suitable implications of the
results for future research are
identified and justified.
The data gathered were practical and can be
used for conducting further research.
Apps relating to diet and nutrition promote health research and practice. In this
research, the use of the application for promoting healthy diet and nutrition will be
taken into account. Obesity is mainly responsible for causing cardiovascular
diseases, cancer, and other chronic illness. This ill effect of obesity has promoted
people to promote healthy eating and weight control.
General Evaluation:
6. The interpretations are
consistent with the study’s
results and limitations.
7. The back matter is appropriate
for the study report.
The black matter states how many people have
been benefitted by using health apps.
Health behavior change is a central objective of health promotion is often not
maintained. However, there is no evidence to prove the effectiveness of the app and
the actual change in the health behavior of the app users. Though for many using
the app is fun but for some using the app is time-consuming.
Overall Quality Part H
0 - 10 = Low quality
11 - 16 = Adequate quality
17 - 21 = High quality
Total
Part H
Score =
My Overall Assessment of Part H =
The result obtained was examined in relation to literature. The interpretation of the
result was correct and appropriate for the study.
*Quality Rating Options: 0 = Fail 1 = Poor 2= Good 3 = Excellent
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 20

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
References
Aija, L. (2016). Mobile applications for chronic disease self-management : building a bridge for behavior change. Frontiers In Public Health, 4.
doi: 10.3389/conf.fpubh.2016.01.00103
Anderson, K., Burford, O., & Emmerton, L. (2016). App Chronic Disease Checklist: Protocol to Evaluate Mobile Apps for Chronic Disease
Self-Management. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(4), e204. doi: 10.2196/resprot.6194
Caburnay, C., Graff, K., Harris, J., McQueen, A., Smith, M., Fairchild, M., & Kreuter, M. (2015). Evaluating Diabetes Mobile Applications for
Health Literate Designs and Functionality. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140433
Coughlin, S., Whitehead, M., Sheats, J., Mastromonico, J., Hardy, D., & Smith, S. (2015). Smartphone Applications for Promoting Healthy Diet
and Nutrition: A Literature Review. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725321/
Dallinga, J., Mennes, M., Alpay, L., Bijwaard, H., & Faille-Deutekom, M. (2015). App use, physical activity and healthy lifestyle: a cross
sectional study. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552464/
Miron-Shatz, T., & Ratzan, S. (2011). The Potential of an Online and Mobile Health Scorecard for Preventing Chronic Disease. Journal Of
Health Communication, 16(sup2), 175-190. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.602464
Sarcona, A., Kovacs, L., Wright, J., & Williams, C. (2017). Differences in Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Health-related Lifestyle
Choices between Users and Nonusers of Mobile Health Apps. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318354121_Differences_in_Eating_Behavior_Physical_Activity_and_Health-
related_Lifestyle_Choices_between_Users_and_Nonusers_of_Mobile_Health_Apps
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 21

HST2122 Health Research Methodology
Wang, Q., Egelandsdal, B., Amdam, G., Almli, V., & Oostindjer, M. (2016). Diet and Physical Activity Apps: Perceived Effectiveness by App
Users.
6593980000655036109.docxAdapted from tables in HST2122 textbook Plano Clark and Creswell, 2015. Page 22