Major Bones and Muscles in Human Body, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Elimination of Waste Products from Human Body

HLTAAP001

Contents
PROJECT 1......................................................................................................................................1
Major bones and muscles in human body....................................................................................1
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................2
Fluid and Electrolyte balance in human body..............................................................................2
Elimination of waste products from human body........................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................2

PROJECT 1
Major bones and muscles in human body
Bones are made up of connective tissues consist of majorly calcium ans other specialised cells of
bones. Human body skeleton constantly goes into remodelling process as break down of older
bone tissues occur and replaced by new bone tissues. Balanced and healthy diet, regulation of
hormones and regular exercise are important for healthy bone structure. A healthy skeleton is
made up of 206 bones. Human body consist four different types of bones and that are: Long
bone, Irregular bone, Shorts bone, and Flat bone. Different layer of bone tissues are: Periosteum,
Compact or dense tissue, Bone marrow, and Spongy tissue (Cowan and Kahai 2019). Five major
bones in human body are:
 The Skull comprises of Maxilla, Cranium, and Mandibles.
 Shoulder girdle made up of Humerus, Radius, and Ulna.
 Hand composed of Phalanges, Carpals, Metacarpals.
 Chest consist of Sternum and Ribs.
 Spine comprises of Cervical area, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
 Pelvic girdle made up of Ischium, Ilium, and Pubis.
 Leg composed of Femur, Fibula, and Tibia.
 Ankle consist of Calcaneus and Talus.
 Foot comprises of Phalanges, Metatarsals, and Tarsals.
Human body consists of 600 muscles. There are three main types of muscles in human body and
these are: smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles.
 Skeletal muscle: These specialised tissues provide attachment to bones and facilitate
movement. Skeletal muscles and bones together are known as musculoskeletal. These
muscles re under conscious control, hence known as voluntary muscles.
 Smooth muscle: These muscles are generally present in internal organs like uterus,
digestive tract, and blood vessels. Arrangement of these muscles in in the form of
layered sheets. Movements of these muscles are not in human's conscious movement,
this is why called as involuntary muscles.
 Cardiac muscle: These muscles re specifically responsible for heart composition. The
contraction and relaxation process of heart is not in conscious control.
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