Human Relationships and Life Transitions

Running head: HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS 1
Human relationships and Life Transitions
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HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS 2
Human relationships and Life Transitions
Introduction
The children who are between the ages of 2 to 5 years grow and develop rapidly. The age
in bracket is referred to as preschool years. During this period, children develop from a young
toddler to preschoolers (Lind, 2017). During this period, children develop from a young toddler
to preschoolers. It is at this age that they start to learn essential skills and knowledge. One
significant way that children these young children acquire basic skills about the world is via their
psychosocial development (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2018).
Some of the significant features of psychosocial development for preschoolers include
physical, cognitive, emotional, and social and language development. Other aspects include
motor development and sensory, psychosocial development. According to Erickson's theory of
psychosocial development, preschoolers are at a magic time of development; thus, the need for
parents to take care of them (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2018). One central aspect that a preschooler
undergoes is physical development. In this case, the child starts to become stronger. Besides, the
child increases the height as he or she becomes ready to learn.
Another significant feature that preschooler goes through is cognitive development. In
this case, the child thinking capacity increases as the child at this stage is able to think and
reason. As a result of their ability to think and reason, they start learning from different colors,
letters, counting, and other activities from their friends (Hutchison, 2018). Also, children
experience emotional and social development. They start gradually learning and managing their
feelings. By the age of 5, they make friends that they can interact with while playing. A good
example is the case scenario of Andrew provided where we get to know that Andrew enjoys
singing and dancing with his extended family. In this case, Andrew has made other friends from

HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS 3
his extended family apart from his mother and father with whom he can sing, dance, and enjoy
singing together. Another essential aspect that the children at this age develop is learning of
language. By the age of 2, most toddlers can say at least 40 words, but by the age of 5, they may
know thousands of words and be able to talk and tell (Hutchison, 2018). This is evidenced by the
case study of Andrew, who is currently in this preschool stage. Andrew, who is now two and a
half years old, is able to speak in four to five words. Besides, Andrew is able to communicate for
his needs well. Furthermore, as Maria, Andrew's mother, explains in the case scenario, Andrew
is able to enjoy music, able to dance well and sing silly songs with his father and his extended
family at large.
Another crucial aspect of children under the age of 2 to 5 is sensory and motor
development. At this period, preschoolers are able to learn how to write and draw. By the age of
5, they are able to dress and undress (Newman & Newman, 2017). This can be evidenced by the
case study of Andrew as he is able to sing and dance well with his father and his extended
relatives. Based on his theory, children aged between 2 to five years are at the third stage of
psychosocial development. At this stage, children are able to initiate tasks and assert control over
their environment via the use of social interactions like playing. At this stage, they are supposed
to resolve the activities of initiative vs. guilt. In the process of socializing with other children,
they get the opportunity to learn by mastering the tasks (Ball, 2014).
According to Erick’s theory preschoolers are influenced by the environment. In the
process, they end up developing with self-confidence, and they can feel they have a sense of
purpose. Those who end up being unsuccessful, which may be as a result of being controlled by
their parents, they end up developing the feelings of guilt (Settersten, 2015).