Heart & Respiratory Diseases

This assignment delves into the connection between unhealthy lifestyle choices and the prevalence of heart and respiratory diseases. It examines how factors like poor diet, smoking, and lack of exercise contribute to circulatory and cardiac illnesses. The assignment also highlights the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and quitting smoking, in preventing these conditions.

Task 28-Human Respiratory and Cardiac Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task..................................................................................................................................................1
Control process of breathing and pulse rates..........................................................................1
Blood redistribution process during exercise.........................................................................1
Effects of circulatory diseases on the circulation system.......................................................2
Relationship between environmental factors and circular diseases.......................................3
Effects of respiratory diseases on respiratory system ............................................................3
Relationship between environmental factors with respiratory diseases.................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
In this report, human respiratory and cardiac systems will be described. To understand
this, the assignment will elaborate breathing system as well as cardiovascular system.
Furthermore, it is presented to demonstrate various circulatory diseases and impact of smoking
on the respiration and circular system (Draghici and Taylor, 2016). By this, it will be discussed
how these diseases impact negatively on human cardiac and breathing mechanisms.
Task
Control process of breathing and pulse rates
Heart rate or it can be called as pulse rate should be in lower level. If a person is going
through stress and anxiety, it can make heart rate high which is not good for human body and
mind. There are several ways to control it that are given as follows:
Through diaphragmatic breathing: Firstly, person has to lie in a comfortable position then put a
hand on his abdomen below the rib cage and other hand on chest. Now, start inhaling as deeply
as possible through nose. It will feel like stomach is expanding followed by chest (Eggleston,
Clark and Marraffa, 2017). Then hold the breath for at least 2 to 5 seconds. Exhale by mouth and
the individual will feel chest collapse then stomach. Now, repeat breathing for 5 times or till
heart rate falls and person will feel calm. Finally, check pulse rate through heart rate monitor.
Through alternate nostril breathing: This is another way to low down pulse rate and breathing
process. First step is to sit comfortably. People should not try this while standing and if deep
breathing makes them dizzy. Next, they need to put thumb of right hand on right nostril and put
the middle finger of right hand to left nostril (Process of Redistributing Blood During Exercise,
2010). Close left nostril and breathe from right one deeply. They can feel their stomach and
chest expanding. Now do the opposite and repeat this process five times or till heart rate falls. In
the end, check heart rate with the help of heart rate monitor by taking pulse.
Apply one from the above discussed process which suits best to individuals. They are
required to discuss stress level, triggers and also breathing exercises with their doctor so that he
can advise other changes needed in life style.
Blood redistribution process during exercise
When people exercise, the blood flow is redistributed in their body. In this process, less
blood flows to heart and the brain and more goes to muscles and skin. Blood vessels widen in
working muscle when individual do exercise. Furthermore, blood flow improves by capillary.
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This increased blood flow improves the oxygen exchanges. As nervous system prepares body to
exercise with passing hormones that gives signal of blood dilation to vessels in the heart and
muscles that are in working order. All these systems work more effectively to redistribute blood.
However, the procedure of blood redistribution takes few minutes. If a person suddenly
stop doing exercise, this will leave him light headed because of the minimisation of pumping
action from legs to returning blood to heart and if he suddenly starts to do exercise, this can
leave him breathless and will strain any muscle that is not prepared yet for exercise. The blood
becomes thin with this process still capillaries increase in working muscles. This thinning blood
flows through water and from dissolved proteins and added to plasma volume so that it is
increased and the concentration of RBC decreases.
Effects of circulatory diseases on the circulation system
There are various circular diseases occur in circulation systems. The circulatory system
includes heart, blood vessels, veins and arteries. So, it is important to keep these functioning
proper. There are certain factors such as genetics, daily routine and lifestyle that can result in
such diseases (Faes, Porta and Nollo, 2015). Smoking is one of the major reasons which affect
circulation system badly.
Effects of smoking on circulatory system: Smoking is one of the main causes of death of
people. It affects every body part of humans adversely. Below are several effects due to smoking
habit to human body: Reduction in blood circulation: It reduces blood circulation and results in high blood
pressure, increased pulse rate, blood clotting etc. further, it can create problems in toes
and fingers also.
 Heart diseases: Due to smoking, coronary heart diseases occur which is the main cause
of death. It also causes peripheral vascular disease and strokes. Women should not take
oral contraceptive pills because it can result in stroke and other heart diseases and
smoking can increase this risk further.
Circulatory diseases and their impacts on circular system:
Atherosclerosis: It is hardening of arteries and occurs when plaque built on artery's walls and
results in blockage of blood flow (Circulatory System Diseases, 2018).
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Angina pectoris: In this, special kind of pain occur in heart and it is accompanied by breath
shortage and fatigue.
Ischaemia: when heart muscles do not get sufficient blood flow and blood is carrying out less
oxygen then, chances of this disease may occur.
Impacts: Due to these diseases, chances of low blood flow, strokes, heart failures can increase
drastically and damage circulatory system very badly because these are the main parts of
circulatory system.
Relationship between environmental factors and circular diseases
It is seen that heart and other vascular system is highly affected by environmental factors.
Exposure in environment is very risky and can generate various circulatory illness. There are
several factors like air pollution and spreading cadmium, arsenic are responsible to making
people suffering from illness. Due to expose in polluted air, individuals possess at high risk of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Nedoma and et. al. 2017). Furthermore, smoking and diabetes
mellitus are the traditional factors because these exposures increases risk associated with blood
pressure, lipid metabolism and vascular functions. Therefore, people should reduce to be in
contact with polluted areas and avoid being in touch with people who frequently smoke.
Effects of respiratory diseases on respiratory system
There are various respiratory diseases that can affect breathing system. Some of them are
as follows:
Asthma: It is a common chronic respiratory situation due to which individuals face problems in
breathing. Environmental factors play major role in this illness.
Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease: It is an umbrella term that causes breathing illness. In
this, people find difficult to exhale normally.
Emphysema: This is a serious respiratory illness and it is caused by smoking.
Effects:
 It results in functional impairment depends upon the severity of disease.
 It reduces ventilation level and creates abnormalities regarding breathing.
 This can also affect both upper and lower airways.
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Relationship between environmental factors with respiratory diseases
Various respiratory diseases can increase with being in contact with environment. For
instance, asthma can be increased drastically due to exposure in polluted air. It results in severe
problems related to breathing because environment consists for air that is polluted by allergens,
air pollutants and tobacco smokes (Sherwood, 2015). Furthermore, emphysema can be increased
so much in contact with smoke and it damages respiratory system. In addition, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease may also reach to severe level due to various allergens occurred
in air.
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment, it can be articulated that today, various heart and respiratory
diseases are taking place. It is because of unhealthy life style and daily routine of people. In
addition, there are several other reasons that contribute to severe circulatory and cardiac illness
(Smolensky and et.al., 2015). The solution of such condition is that people have to pay attention
on what they eat. Moreover, they are needed to do breathing exercises on a regular basis and
individuals need to quit smoking so that these problems cannot harm them.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Draghici, A.E. and Taylor, J.A., 2016. The physiological basis and measurement of heart rate
variability in humans. Journal of physiological anthropology. 35(1). p.22.
Eggleston, W., Clark, K.H. and Marraffa, J.M., 2017. Loperamide abuse associated with cardiac
dysrhythmia and death. Annals of emergency medicine. 69(1). pp.83-86.
Faes, L., Porta, A. and Nollo, G., 2015. Information decomposition in bivariate systems: theory
and application to cardiorespiratory dynamics. Entropy. 17(1). pp.277-303.
Nedoma, J. and et. al. 2017. Non-invasive fiber optic probe encapsulated into
PolyDiMethylSiloxane for measuring respiratory and heart rate of the human
body. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 15(1). p.93.
Sherwood, L., 2015. Human physiology: from cells to systems. Cengage learning.
Smolensky, M.H. and et. al. 2015. Diurnal and twenty-four hour patterning of human diseases:
Cardiac, vascular, and respiratory diseases, conditions, and syndromes. Sleep medicine
reviews. 21. pp.3-11.
Online:
Circulatory System Diseases. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/circulatory-system/circulatory-system-diseases/>
Process of Redistributing Blood During Exercise. 2010. [Online]. Available through
<http://emma-casey.blogspot.in/2010/06/process-of-redistributing-blood-during.html>
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