Report on Afiamalu-Malololelei Water Supply System Download

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HYDRAULICS
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Reorganization of Malololelei water supply to meet urbanization and climate change
challenges for sustainable servicing
Introduction
This research work is mainly focused on concept of upgrading the water supply system of
Malololelei in order to sustain the population increase and effects of changes in climate that are
caused by rapid changes in the weather patterns. Changes in weather patterns may result to either
little or too much water. When there is a lot of water, it could result to the malfunction of the
systems, a rise in turbidity as well as destruction of assets. On the other hand, little water implies
that there won’t be enough water supplies to the customers. A rise in the natural disaster due to
changes in climate will affect the quality and supply of water.
Background
Malololelei Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is currently one of the 3 major slow sand filtration
plants that serve the larger Apia urban region. Up to 4000 people depend on it for water. The
Vaisigano River provides it with the raw water intake. The reorganization of Malololelei water
supply system will increase its coverage to the surrounding communities and hence ensure there
is a constant and resilient connection of water (Freas and Munévar, 2014).
Literature review
Water distribution systems need proper reorganization in order to derive increased demand for
water that arises from an increase in population mainly due to an increase in the population
density or even an expansion into new regions. Whenever the increased demand is marginal, the
pumping improvement is generally enough. Whenever there is a substantial increase, there is

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need for provision of parallel pipelines, laying new pipelines, increasing the capacity of pumping
for the already laid pumping plants and even provision of new pumping stations. This whole
process can be referred to as reorganization of existing water distribution systems (Swamee and
Sharma, 2010).
Most water treatment and distributions plants are designed for a specific period of time,
depending on the projected rate of increase in the demand for water. For normal scenarios where
there is anticipation of a growing demand, it is important to first design the system then carry out
reorganization whenever the demand rises past its capacity (Doane, 2012).
A highly complex reorganization of a system is always required. Besides just strengthening the
system, there is need to deal with the inclusion of extra demand nodes with corresponding extra
input nodes and pipe links at preset locations in order to attain the increased system demand.
Reorganization could also be required to modify a system that is already in existence in order to
increase the capacity of delivery. This can be achieved by adding new delivery systems, pipe
links as well as new storage facilities (Walski, 2013).
An algorithm for strengthening a water distribution system was first presented by Bhave (2008).
In the invention, a looped network was first transformed into a branched network. The pipes of
the converted branched-network configurations were the only ones strengthened. The rest of the
pipes that maintained a looped network nature were replaced by either a replacement of least
minimum suggested size or by new pipes that have similar size.
Methodology
Urbanization and climate change are common problems that in one way or another affect
existing water distribution systems. Changes in climate will most probably result to increased