Identification of Potential Health Complication: Stroke - Mr. Tomasi Joni Case Study
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Read about the case study of Mr. Tomasi Joni and the identification of potential health complication: Stroke. Learn about the clinical reasoning cycle steps and the goals established to prevent the complication.
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IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL HEALTH COMPLICATION: STROKE
MR. TOMASI JONI CASE STUDY
STUDENT NAME:
STUDENT ID:
MR. TOMASI JONI CASE STUDY
STUDENT NAME:
STUDENT ID:
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introduction
Diseases are inevitable to Human beings and as long as you living in the modern
world you are prone to several health complications.
Morever , there are some complication more prevalent to some individuals
compared to others. Some of the increasing the prevalence of medical
conditions compared to others include genetic factors and family medical
history, past patient medical history, and lifestyles.
The latter being common in the modern world. Lifestyle diseases are linked to
the way people live, their behaviors such as alcohol, smoking and other drug
abuse, sedentary lifestyle, occupation among other daily activities defining
oneself living.
The script presentation represents a case study for Mr. Tomasi Joni who
presented his GP clinic for his annual health check. The preview for his
laboratory test and lifestyle assessment will be used to determine one of the
health complications he is likely to develop based on the provided information.
The assessment for the potential health complication for Mr.Tomasi Joni will be
debated by the use of the “Levett-Jones’ (2018) Clinical Reasoning Cycle Steps
Diseases are inevitable to Human beings and as long as you living in the modern
world you are prone to several health complications.
Morever , there are some complication more prevalent to some individuals
compared to others. Some of the increasing the prevalence of medical
conditions compared to others include genetic factors and family medical
history, past patient medical history, and lifestyles.
The latter being common in the modern world. Lifestyle diseases are linked to
the way people live, their behaviors such as alcohol, smoking and other drug
abuse, sedentary lifestyle, occupation among other daily activities defining
oneself living.
The script presentation represents a case study for Mr. Tomasi Joni who
presented his GP clinic for his annual health check. The preview for his
laboratory test and lifestyle assessment will be used to determine one of the
health complications he is likely to develop based on the provided information.
The assessment for the potential health complication for Mr.Tomasi Joni will be
debated by the use of the “Levett-Jones’ (2018) Clinical Reasoning Cycle Steps
Step 1: “Consideration of the Patient’s
situation facts”
This step involves an analysis of the current situation of the patient. According to the current
analysis of Mr. Tomasi from Joni medical clinic, the following information can be gathered.
Laboratory assessment
Mr. Tomasi blood pressure is 142/96mmHg, heart rate is at HR 96bpm. retention rate of 22bpm and a
body temperature of 36.7
Lifestyle
Mr. Tomasi is currently 56 years indicating he is old.is working overtime indicating his work is
stressful. He has no enough time to exercise and engages his life by drinking smoking. He takes
takeaway foods most of the times.
Health assessment
Mr. Tomasi height is 1.7 m and weight is 93kg hence BMI. Of 32 ,Total cholesterol level is at 9.2
mmol/l , fasting BGL is 9.6mmol/L and Albumin to creatine Ratio for Mr. Tomasi is 10mg/mmol
Medical history
Mr. Joni has a health history of hypertension, gout and Acute myocardial infarction( AMI). He is also
suffering from moderate Obstructive Sleep and takes CPAP for overnight sleep. Mr. Joni medications
include Metoprolol, Aspirin, and Allopurinol.
Family history
Mr. Tomasi father has a history of hyperlipidemia and stroke.
situation facts”
This step involves an analysis of the current situation of the patient. According to the current
analysis of Mr. Tomasi from Joni medical clinic, the following information can be gathered.
Laboratory assessment
Mr. Tomasi blood pressure is 142/96mmHg, heart rate is at HR 96bpm. retention rate of 22bpm and a
body temperature of 36.7
Lifestyle
Mr. Tomasi is currently 56 years indicating he is old.is working overtime indicating his work is
stressful. He has no enough time to exercise and engages his life by drinking smoking. He takes
takeaway foods most of the times.
Health assessment
Mr. Tomasi height is 1.7 m and weight is 93kg hence BMI. Of 32 ,Total cholesterol level is at 9.2
mmol/l , fasting BGL is 9.6mmol/L and Albumin to creatine Ratio for Mr. Tomasi is 10mg/mmol
Medical history
Mr. Joni has a health history of hypertension, gout and Acute myocardial infarction( AMI). He is also
suffering from moderate Obstructive Sleep and takes CPAP for overnight sleep. Mr. Joni medications
include Metoprolol, Aspirin, and Allopurinol.
Family history
Mr. Tomasi father has a history of hyperlipidemia and stroke.
Step 2: “Collection of information”
This step involves the consideration of the past medical history of the patient.
Mr. Tomasi Joni has a history of hypertension, gout, Acute
Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
His medications include Metoprolol, Aspirin, and Allopurinol.
The current investigation reveals the following results for Mr. Tomasi
His weight is 93 kilograms, height is 1.7 meters and there is evidence of
abdominal fats being excess. The waist circumference is also 104centimeters. This means that he is
obese.
His total level of cholesterol is 9.2mmol/L. This is a high level of
cholesterol since the normal cholesterol level should be 5mmol/L or less
for healthy adults (Cook, 2015).
His fasting blood glucose level is 9.6mmol/L. A high fasting blood
glucose level above 7.0mmol/L is considered to be risky.
His Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (Urine ACR) is 10mg/mmol.
This Urine ACR level signifies Microalbuminuria.
This step involves the consideration of the past medical history of the patient.
Mr. Tomasi Joni has a history of hypertension, gout, Acute
Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
His medications include Metoprolol, Aspirin, and Allopurinol.
The current investigation reveals the following results for Mr. Tomasi
His weight is 93 kilograms, height is 1.7 meters and there is evidence of
abdominal fats being excess. The waist circumference is also 104centimeters. This means that he is
obese.
His total level of cholesterol is 9.2mmol/L. This is a high level of
cholesterol since the normal cholesterol level should be 5mmol/L or less
for healthy adults (Cook, 2015).
His fasting blood glucose level is 9.6mmol/L. A high fasting blood
glucose level above 7.0mmol/L is considered to be risky.
His Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (Urine ACR) is 10mg/mmol.
This Urine ACR level signifies Microalbuminuria.
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Continuation
His weight is 93 kilograms, height is 1.7 meters and there is evidence of
abdominal fats being excess. The waist circumference is also
104centimeters. This means that he is obese.
His total level of cholesterol is 9.2mmol/L. This is a high level of
cholesterol since the normal cholesterol level should be 5mmol/L or less
for healthy adults (Cook, 2015).
His fasting blood glucose level is 9.6mmol/L. A high fasting blood
glucose level above 7.0mmol/L is considered to be risky.
His Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (Urine ACR) is 10mg/mmol.
This Urine ACR level signifies Microalbuminuria.
His weight is 93 kilograms, height is 1.7 meters and there is evidence of
abdominal fats being excess. The waist circumference is also
104centimeters. This means that he is obese.
His total level of cholesterol is 9.2mmol/L. This is a high level of
cholesterol since the normal cholesterol level should be 5mmol/L or less
for healthy adults (Cook, 2015).
His fasting blood glucose level is 9.6mmol/L. A high fasting blood
glucose level above 7.0mmol/L is considered to be risky.
His Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (Urine ACR) is 10mg/mmol.
This Urine ACR level signifies Microalbuminuria.
This step involves the processing of the patient’s current health status is gathered
information considering the patterns of pharmacology and pathophysiology in
order to come up with a relevant decision.
Based on the gathered information, the following conclusions about Mr. Tomasi
Joni’s current health status can be drawn.
His blood pressure is high at 142/96mmHg.His heart rate 96bpm, Retention Rate is 22bpm
and SpO2 96%
His cholesterol level is also high at 9.2mmol/L since it exceeds the normal range
His fasting blood glucose level is high at 9.6mmol/
His Urine ACR of 10mg/mmol indicates his kidney is moderately damaged which
signifies Microalbuminuria.
body temperature of 36.7degree Celsius
information considering the patterns of pharmacology and pathophysiology in
order to come up with a relevant decision.
Based on the gathered information, the following conclusions about Mr. Tomasi
Joni’s current health status can be drawn.
His blood pressure is high at 142/96mmHg.His heart rate 96bpm, Retention Rate is 22bpm
and SpO2 96%
His cholesterol level is also high at 9.2mmol/L since it exceeds the normal range
His fasting blood glucose level is high at 9.6mmol/
His Urine ACR of 10mg/mmol indicates his kidney is moderately damaged which
signifies Microalbuminuria.
body temperature of 36.7degree Celsius
.Step 4: “Identifying the
problem” This step involves the identification of the possible health complication for Mr.
Tomasi based on the gathered and processed patient information.
One of Mr. Tomasi Joni’s one possible health complication is identified is Stroke
According to research carried out by O'donnell et.al (2010) stroke risk factors
include overweight or obese, lack or reduce physical activity, alcoholism and
substance abuse such as tobacco, medical risk factors contributing to stroke
include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, high blood sugar, and
obstructive sleep.
Another risk factor contributes to stroke include Age, where people aged 55 at
high risk. Sex, where men at higher risk compared to women, the race where
African-Americans have a higher risk than people of other races
The health complication can be justified by the following evidence which includes
the causes of stroke.
He has a high blood pressure of 142/96mmHg.
He is obese. Obesity is a cause of stroke.
He also engages himself in alcohol and tobacco abuse. Mr. Tomasi takes a couple
of beers every Thursday and smokes a packet of cigarettes to relieve stress from
his demanding job.
problem” This step involves the identification of the possible health complication for Mr.
Tomasi based on the gathered and processed patient information.
One of Mr. Tomasi Joni’s one possible health complication is identified is Stroke
According to research carried out by O'donnell et.al (2010) stroke risk factors
include overweight or obese, lack or reduce physical activity, alcoholism and
substance abuse such as tobacco, medical risk factors contributing to stroke
include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, high blood sugar, and
obstructive sleep.
Another risk factor contributes to stroke include Age, where people aged 55 at
high risk. Sex, where men at higher risk compared to women, the race where
African-Americans have a higher risk than people of other races
The health complication can be justified by the following evidence which includes
the causes of stroke.
He has a high blood pressure of 142/96mmHg.
He is obese. Obesity is a cause of stroke.
He also engages himself in alcohol and tobacco abuse. Mr. Tomasi takes a couple
of beers every Thursday and smokes a packet of cigarettes to relieve stress from
his demanding job.
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continuation
Alcohol and tobacco have been named as a cause of stroke.
From the case study, we are notified that Mr. Tomasi has moderate
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hence required to use “Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure (CPAP)” for overnight sleep. Obstructive Sleep Apnea is
alsoa cause of stroke.
MR Tomasi has a past medical history of hypertension and takes the
Metoprolol dosage which treats hypertension. Hypertension is a major
cause of stroke.
His cholesterol level is also high at 9.2mmol/L. High. Cholesterol is also
a cause of stroke. Accumulation of cholesterol accumulate on
bloodvessel leading to the mind leading to stroke
There is also a family medical history of stroke. Stroke is hereditary disease and since her
mother had been diagonised of stroke, Mr. Tomasi is on high risk.
Alcohol and tobacco have been named as a cause of stroke.
From the case study, we are notified that Mr. Tomasi has moderate
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hence required to use “Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure (CPAP)” for overnight sleep. Obstructive Sleep Apnea is
alsoa cause of stroke.
MR Tomasi has a past medical history of hypertension and takes the
Metoprolol dosage which treats hypertension. Hypertension is a major
cause of stroke.
His cholesterol level is also high at 9.2mmol/L. High. Cholesterol is also
a cause of stroke. Accumulation of cholesterol accumulate on
bloodvessel leading to the mind leading to stroke
There is also a family medical history of stroke. Stroke is hereditary disease and since her
mother had been diagonised of stroke, Mr. Tomasi is on high risk.
Step 5: “Goals establishment”
This step involves the identification of goals geared towards protecting MR
Tomasi from contradicting the stroke. In the consultation with Mr. Joni, we can
set the following goals to help reduce the risk of developing a stroke. The two
Identified goals as follows.
The first non-pharmacological management for Mr. Tomasi is physical
exercise.
The second pharmacological control is on Hypertension.
This step involves the identification of goals geared towards protecting MR
Tomasi from contradicting the stroke. In the consultation with Mr. Joni, we can
set the following goals to help reduce the risk of developing a stroke. The two
Identified goals as follows.
The first non-pharmacological management for Mr. Tomasi is physical
exercise.
The second pharmacological control is on Hypertension.
Step 6: “Take action”
This step involves putting the identified intervention into practice to
prevent the identified health complication and to achieve the set goals.
Actions areimplemented to achieve the planned treatment goals.
For the non-pharmacological goal, Mr. Taomi has to do some several things
with her weight. He needs to improve on his diet and more so avoid fatty
food mainly from the takeaway foods. To exercise, Mr. Tomasi should make
an effort to walk to the bus station or even cycle to his place of work. He
should set aside some few hours to go to the gym and jog along.
For the pathological goal, MR Tomasi should be placed under the following
interventions achieve the set goal of controlling hypertension. Mr. Tomasi
can be put under one of the following medication;
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Eg Benazepril, Angiotensin
II receptor blockers (ARBs) Azilsartan (Edarbi), Beta-blockers. Metoprolol eg
(Lopressor, Toprol XL), or Calcium channel blockers eg.amlophine
This step involves putting the identified intervention into practice to
prevent the identified health complication and to achieve the set goals.
Actions areimplemented to achieve the planned treatment goals.
For the non-pharmacological goal, Mr. Taomi has to do some several things
with her weight. He needs to improve on his diet and more so avoid fatty
food mainly from the takeaway foods. To exercise, Mr. Tomasi should make
an effort to walk to the bus station or even cycle to his place of work. He
should set aside some few hours to go to the gym and jog along.
For the pathological goal, MR Tomasi should be placed under the following
interventions achieve the set goal of controlling hypertension. Mr. Tomasi
can be put under one of the following medication;
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Eg Benazepril, Angiotensin
II receptor blockers (ARBs) Azilsartan (Edarbi), Beta-blockers. Metoprolol eg
(Lopressor, Toprol XL), or Calcium channel blockers eg.amlophine
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Conclusion
Clinical Reasoning Cycle Steps 1-6" has helped greatly assess Mr.
Tomasi health case and possible health has been drawn from the cycle.
From this, I have learned that the cycle plays a very important role in
the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. It saves times
and is less expensive. However, for the model to be most effective, the
findings should be backed up with laboratory findings, lifestyle audit or
the patient or family health records
From the assessment done, MR Tomasi was assessed to be in the risk
of contracting stroke. Stoke is a killer disease all over the world and
causes death within a short time unless the condition is treated. From
the set goal, it will be advisable offer enough knowledge on the
importance of meeting the target to improve on his health and prevent
on the occurrence of more health complication; such as the prophesied
stroke attack.
Clinical Reasoning Cycle Steps 1-6" has helped greatly assess Mr.
Tomasi health case and possible health has been drawn from the cycle.
From this, I have learned that the cycle plays a very important role in
the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. It saves times
and is less expensive. However, for the model to be most effective, the
findings should be backed up with laboratory findings, lifestyle audit or
the patient or family health records
From the assessment done, MR Tomasi was assessed to be in the risk
of contracting stroke. Stoke is a killer disease all over the world and
causes death within a short time unless the condition is treated. From
the set goal, it will be advisable offer enough knowledge on the
importance of meeting the target to improve on his health and prevent
on the occurrence of more health complication; such as the prophesied
stroke attack.
References
Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review
and meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(1), e004473.
Gibson, A. L., Wagner, D., & Heyward, V. (2018). Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise
Prescription, 8E. Human kinetics.
Jimenez-Conde, J., Biffi, A., Rahman, R., Kanakis, A., Butler, C., Sonni, S., ... & Cortellini, L. (2010).
Hyperlipidemia and reduced white matter hyperintensity volume in patients with ischemic
stroke. Stroke, 41(3), 437-442.
Lim, S., Kang, S. M., Shin, H., Lee, H. J., Yoon, J. W., Yu, S. H., ... & Ryu, J. O. (2011). Improved
glycemic control without hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients using the ubiquitous healthcare
service, a new medical information system. Diabetes care, 34(2), 308-313.
O'Donnell, M. J., Xavier, D., Liu, L., Zhang, H., Chin, S. L., Rao-Melacini, P., ... & Mondo, C. (2010). Risk
factors for ischaemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study):
a case-control study. The Lancet, 376(9735), 112-123.
Urban, P. P., Wolf, T., Uebele, M., Marx, J. J., Vogt, T., Stoeger, P., ... & Wissel, J. (2010). Occurrence and
clinical predictors of spasticity after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 41(9), 2016-2020.
van Hinsbergh, V. W. (2017). Physiology of blood vessels. The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology, 17.
Von Steinburg, S. P., Boulesteix, A. L., Lederer, C., Grunow, S., Schiermeier, S., Hartmann, W., ... &
Daumer, M. (2013). What is the “normal” fetal heart rate?. PeerJ, 1, e82.
Wang, X., Dong, Y., Qi, X., Huang, C., & Hou, L. (2013). Cholesterol levels and risk of hemorrhagic
stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 44(7), 1833-1839.
Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review
and meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(1), e004473.
Gibson, A. L., Wagner, D., & Heyward, V. (2018). Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise
Prescription, 8E. Human kinetics.
Jimenez-Conde, J., Biffi, A., Rahman, R., Kanakis, A., Butler, C., Sonni, S., ... & Cortellini, L. (2010).
Hyperlipidemia and reduced white matter hyperintensity volume in patients with ischemic
stroke. Stroke, 41(3), 437-442.
Lim, S., Kang, S. M., Shin, H., Lee, H. J., Yoon, J. W., Yu, S. H., ... & Ryu, J. O. (2011). Improved
glycemic control without hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients using the ubiquitous healthcare
service, a new medical information system. Diabetes care, 34(2), 308-313.
O'Donnell, M. J., Xavier, D., Liu, L., Zhang, H., Chin, S. L., Rao-Melacini, P., ... & Mondo, C. (2010). Risk
factors for ischaemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study):
a case-control study. The Lancet, 376(9735), 112-123.
Urban, P. P., Wolf, T., Uebele, M., Marx, J. J., Vogt, T., Stoeger, P., ... & Wissel, J. (2010). Occurrence and
clinical predictors of spasticity after ischemic stroke. Stroke, 41(9), 2016-2020.
van Hinsbergh, V. W. (2017). Physiology of blood vessels. The ESC Textbook of Vascular Biology, 17.
Von Steinburg, S. P., Boulesteix, A. L., Lederer, C., Grunow, S., Schiermeier, S., Hartmann, W., ... &
Daumer, M. (2013). What is the “normal” fetal heart rate?. PeerJ, 1, e82.
Wang, X., Dong, Y., Qi, X., Huang, C., & Hou, L. (2013). Cholesterol levels and risk of hemorrhagic
stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 44(7), 1833-1839.
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