Illegally Deposited Waste - Assessment

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Professor
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Date
Section A
1. Case study 1
This involves the assessment of the illegally deposited waste. The site accessed for the
analysis includes the public open and park, residential areas with high population, the residential
areas with gardens, allotments among other similar places [1]. The SI work undertaken in this
case involves the collection of the data regarding the health safety measures taken by the site
residential on the waste deposition. The distribution of the waste is considered within the site.
The data regarding the waste disposal is carried out and the generic screening considered by
application of the S4ULS and C4SLS techniques [2]. This is applied for the determination of the
human health risks associated with Illegal deposition of the waste. The volume of the waste is
determined by consideration of how it is a distribution within the identified site. The waste is
classified according to whether they are heavy metals and contaminants [3]. The potential
remediation methods for treating the waste include addressing the contaminants by using the
following techniques. The first one is a thermal treatment, bioremediation, Hvt high Vaccum,
chemical oxidation and ex-situ land farming [4]. These techniques prevent the movement of the
materials by solidification, cap and stabilization of the compounds by chemical oxidation. In the

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analysis of the cost-benefit, the cost of the benzene to be used in the high vaccum is too high [4].
The lime and cement stabilization is beneficial for the stabilization of the waste compound hence
preventing their spread or formation of other harmful compounds.
2. A. The type of wastes that can be used to make the secondary aggregates includes the clay,
silt, sand, and gravel [1] - [3]. Some of the secondary aggregates made from these wastes include
metallurgical slags, fuel ash, China clay stent, and slate aggregate. In the case of the clay, in pilot
trial determines the way to convert it to useful secondary aggregate. In the case of gravel, a lot
more wells are needed. Besides, the asbestos and the ACMs are other wastes that can be used to
produce secondary aggregates such as JIWGAISCoP [5] - [6].
2. B. The process of creating secondary aggregates includes soil washing. This is done after
excavating the soil to get the waste material that should be washed to make the secondary
aggregates [4] - [6]. After the materials needed such as clay and silt are dug from the ground or
the soil segments, they are put through the washing process.
2. C. There should be the replacement of other materials that would be used to fulfill a certain
need. The C& D wastes should be regulated for the construction of the pean product standards
from the wastes [4]. Pre-treatment of the wastes should be done to give room for crushed
concrete. Strict control should be done for quality secondary aggregates production. In this case,
the time is determining fact. This means that construction of the pean products should be allowed
enough time for effective formation [5].
3. A. The three main chemical oxidation technique used in the treatment of the contaminated
soil includes ex-situ land farming [5] - [6]. This process involves the use of hydrogen peroxide

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and Fenton's reagents. In this case, the ex-situ involves excavation followed by the treatment of
the soil to the site. This process involves the application of the peroxide to the soil. The oxidation
by use of the liquid hydroxide peroxide is done in the presence of ferrous iron. Stabilization is
another chemical oxidation used in the treatment of the contaminated soil. This involved making
the compound within the soil more stable to prevent the formation of the more hazardous
compounds [3]. The process involved here is lime and cement stabilisation. The last chemical
oxidation involves solidification which involves locking the contaminants in the soil.
3. B. The advantage of the ex-situ chemical oxidation is that the spread of the soil contaminants
is limited. The disadvantage part of it is that it is so expensive to excavate the soil required for
treatment. For stabilisation, the lime and cementation ensure that the stable compounds are
formed hence no more formation of new contaminant compounds [4]. The disadvantage is that
the chemicals used are so expensive to acquire. The advantage with solidification is that the
contaminants are locked by solidifying them hence easy to remove. The disadvantage part of this
technique is that it requires other treatment techniques such as disposal technique for it to be
effective.
3. C. The type of soil contaminants should be identified. This will be important for the
determination of the chemical compound to be used to eliminate them [5]. The data required is
the cost of the chemicals and materials used in the process. The ongoing operational and
management cost is required to be analyzed.
Section B

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5. The remediation technologies used in the treatment of the asbestos-containing soil include the
soil washing process; this is done after the excavation of the soil the process involves ex-situ
remediation of the soil to remove the harmful contaminants [1] - [3]. The washing is done by
chemical additives followed by separating the treated soil from a contaminated one. The other
technology applied is the lime stabilisation as well as cement stabilisation [4]. The special
regulatory requirements involve the application of the chemical oxidation by the use of types of
the C.O. It is the responsibility of the employer to make sure that the right proportions of C.O are
used with the excavated soil aggregates.
6. Lime stabilisation is the application of the lime that is used to stabilize the pavement subgrade
soil which contains clay. Cement stabilisation/solidification is the addition of the cement in the
soil which acts as the binding agent [6]. It produces a very weak form of the concrete which is
called soil cement. The amount of cement that is added depends on the type of soil. The lime
stabilisation is used for stabilization of the subsoil pavements while cement
stabilization/solidification is employed when there is a need for the addition of the clay fraction
in the soil for binding.

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References
[1]. LaGrega, Michael D., Phillip L. Buckingham, and Jeffrey C. Evans. Hazardous waste
management. Waveland Press, 2010.
[2]. Lens, Piet, et al., eds. Resource recovery and reuse in organic solid waste management.
IWA publishing, 2004.
[3]. Sharma, Hari D., and Krishna R. Reddy. Geoenvironmental engineering: site remediation,
waste containment, and emerging waste management technologies. John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
[4]. Tedder, D. William, and Frederick G. Pohland. "Emerging technologies in hazardous waste
management 8." Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management 8. Springer, Boston,
MA, 2002. 1-8.
[5]. Thassitou, P. K., and I. S. Arvanitoyannis. "Bioremediation: a novel approach to food waste
management." Trends in Food Science & Technology 12.5-6 (2001): 185-196.
[6]. Yao, Zhitong, et al. "Control of Asbestos Regulations Interpretation for Managing and
Working with Asbestos in Soil and Construction and Demolition Materials: Review on
remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals." Procedia Environmental
Sciences 16 (2012): 722-729.

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