The Impact of Business Process Reengineering on Employee Productivity in Saudi Arabia Utility Sector

This literature review evaluates the impact of business process reengineering (BPR) on employee productivity in the project management department of the Saudi Arabia utility sector. It discusses the conception and evaluation of BPR, BPR in public sector organizations, dominant perspectives, BPR resources, implementation problems, and challenges confronted in the Saudi Arabia oil and gas industry reengineering efforts.

The Impact of Business process Reengineering (BPR) on Employee productivity
A Case Study of project Management Department in Saudi Arabia Utility Sector

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................3
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................3
2.2 BPR literature: Conception and evaluation...........................................................................3
2.3 BPR in Public Sector Organizations......................................................................................9
2.4 Dominant Perspective..........................................................................................................15
2.5 BPR resources......................................................................................................................21
2.6 BPR Depth and Breadth.......................................................................................................22
2.7 BPR implementation Problem.............................................................................................24
2.8 Summary..............................................................................................................................25
2.8.2 Implication........................................................................................................................26
Chapter 3: Methodology................................................................................................................27
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................27
3.2 Research paradigm...............................................................................................................27
3.3 Ontological and Epistemological Positioning.....................................................................29
3.4 Methodological choices.......................................................................................................31
3.5. Understanding research methods:.......................................................................................34
3.5.1 Discussion on Qualitative Method:..................................................................................35
3.5.2. Quantitative method:.......................................................................................................35
3.6 Reason behind Questionnaire Instruments:.........................................................................36
3.7 Different data Collection Methods and Procedures:............................................................37
3.8 Data Analysis Approaches and Tools:.................................................................................38
3.9 Summary:.............................................................................................................................40
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion................................................................................................40
Introduction....................................................................................................................................40
Demographics................................................................................................................................41
Gender of participants....................................................................................................................41
Educational qualifications of the participants................................................................................43
Professional Career........................................................................................................................43
Re-engineering initiatives of the oil and gas sector in Saudi Arabia.............................................44
Staff Development.........................................................................................................................46

Strategy..........................................................................................................................................47
Technology....................................................................................................................................48
Organization..................................................................................................................................50
Impact of BPR on employee productivity.....................................................................................50
Impact of the Staff engineering.....................................................................................................52
Impact of Technology....................................................................................................................52
Impact of strategy..........................................................................................................................53
Impact of the business processes Re-engineering from a management perspective.....................53
Challenges confronted in Saudi Arabia oil and gas industry reengineering efforts......................54
Reference List................................................................................................................................56

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This particular literature review states various studies on different business process
reengineering (BPR). The business process reengineering identifies various dimensions of
performance that have been employees during the evaluation that have been carried out before
studies. The study evaluates the performance changes after applying BPR; it also evaluates
various major theoretical perspectives that underpin the studies that have been carried out. The
review is carried out in such a way that the main points of a literature review regarding BPR are
carried out at first and then the literature of BPR literature.
This particular chapter is divided into four parts. The introduction is a part of these
chapters. Section one discusses regarding the evolution and conception of BPR. The second
section presents a literature review on the topic of BPR in numerous public organizations. The
third section provides a summary of the review that has been carried out and it highlights the
implications of the current study.
2.2 BPR literature: Conception and evaluation
Business processes are a focus to the community of information technology since around
1960s. This is because IR has been used for automating various processes. The development as
well as the deployment of numerous sophisticated information systems and infrastructure of IT
in order to automate various business processes, the benefits have not been realized (Davenport
and Short 1990; Hammer 1990). Due to this the process of non value adding and processes that
are flawed has been very simple. This circumstance has been called for the improved business

process management, with the help of one particular response of BPR which is an innovation that
is process based. The BPR had been first introduced in 1990 (Davenport 2008). At that particular
time the BPR was considered as an in ovation which follows a process base. BPR was being used
in a dramatic improvement in the performance with the help of a radical redesign of various
business processes that are underlying (Davenport and Short 1990; Hammer 1990). According to
Hammer and Champy BPR had been defined as “the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign
of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of
performance such as a cost, quality, service and speed”. BPR has been defined differently by
different authors. Similarly, Davenport (1993) had defined BPR ‘radical redesign of broad,
cross-functional business processes with the objective in the order of magnitude performance
gains, often with the aid of Information Technology’. As per Teng, Grover and Fiedler (1994)
BPR is defined as ‘the critical analysis and radical redesign of existing business processes to
achieve breakthrough improvements in performance measures’
The definitions that are mentioned above share some common concepts regarding
business radical, redesign, processes and some dramatic improvements. It can be understood for
the definition that the main target of BPR is considered as a business process and the goal of
BPR is innovation in businesses that are process based. It also aims in transforming the processes
of the businesses (Davenport 1993). The provided definitions provide an idea that the
organizations can be managed properly and the performance can also be improved to great extent
by indentifying strategic business processes, redesign the processes if necessary and then support
them with the help o organizational and technological enablers (Davenport 1993; Hammer and
Champy 1993). According to various concepts of organizations, BPR comprises of six basic
concepts. These concepts are very important for achieving the expected dramatic improvement

(Hammer and Champy 1993; Davenport and Stoddard 1994; Linden 1994). The six basic
concepts include fundamental rethinking, business process orientation, radical redesign, top
down, IT enablement and dramatic improvement. The details of this description of all the six
parts are provided in chapter three.
Since the time the concept of BPR has been introduced numerous firms have adopted the
concepts within some time. The discourses’ of BPR has also grown very rapidly as well as
exponentially (Wang 2008). Along with the success stories, the literature review on BPR shows
that various projects that have been implemented using BPR have been failed to provide
expected results, it dues the difficulties that meet the demand of various radical redesign which
reengineering should start with a clean slate, it should also challenge the quo of the status (Feller
and Bentley 2001; Wang 2008). When numerous projects that were done with the help of
concepts of BPR have failed, the researches started to question regarding the strategies followed
by BPR and started criticizing the principles of BPR. It had been argued that the principles of
BPR have forgotten the human element in a business. It was also said that the clean state
approach was completely unrealistic (Feller and Bentley 2001; Wang 2008). The maximum
criticize BPR has been received in its technology used and the central focus of its efficiency. The
disregard of the human dimension of BPR was also criticized. This means that the BPR was
accused of dehumanizing the working environment by increasing the managerial and IT based
system control as well as serving in the form of a tool which reduces major part of the
workforce(Feller and Bentley 2001; Wang 2008). According to Davenport, “the rock that
reengineering has foundered on is simple: people. Reengineering treated the people inside
companies as if they were just so many bits and bytes, interchangeable parts to be reengineered.
But no one wants to “be reengineered”” (Davenport 1995b, p. 70).

Various stories where BPR has failed and received criticisms in the aspects of clean state
approach and the treatment of human element, has resulted in practitioners and researchers to
stop the usage of BPR label. It has also resulted in devising new labeling and conceptualizations
(Wang 2008). This has resulted in generation of three conceptualizations that are BPR related:
business process change (BPT) (Guha et al. 1997; Kettinger, Teng and Guha 1997), business
process management (BPM) (Alsaigh 2010; Hammer 2010; Rosemann and Brocke 2010),
business process transformation (BPT) (Grover and Markus 2008; Zwass 2008). Casement of the
provided conceptualizations against the concepts that have been provided above distinguishes the
actual version of BPR from the others.
An example of this is that the BPC is a comprehensive approach to business process
management. This approach acknowledges a continuous process of improving business
processes to the radical redesign of various processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements
in the processes (Guha et al. 1997; Kettinger, Teng and Guha 1997). Besides improving the
business processes, the BPC also applies to top down as well as bottom up approaches. It also
focuses on organizational and changes management aspects like strategy, people, structure,
culture issues instead of enabling technology (Guha et al. 1997). According to Guha et al. (1997,
p. 121) BPC is an initiative of organization which helps in designing processes for achieving
business goals, along with improving the business goals, it also improves the performance of the
organization. The application of BPC improves the relation between various departments of the
organization such as people, stakeholders, technology, structure, people, management and many
more. The initiatives might range in process improvement to a new process design which is
contingent upon the degree of particular change that has been undertaken in every organizational
subsystem and interaction among them.

The second concept of BPR that is related to conceptualization is BPT. It focuses on the
maturity of various business processes with the help of deep transformation of the existing
business processes (Grover and Markus 2008; Zwass 2008). The important features of BPR are
more needed for deep transformations of the present business processes. This is the result of
inter-organizational cooperation and integration for exchanging the knowledge and data (Zwass
2008), development in the electronic business, development in the electronic government and it
also comprises of implantation of enterprise resource planning and systems that are knowledge
based (Wang 2008; Alsaigh 2010). Grover and Markus (2008) have been argued that the
transformation of the process in order to improve the performance of an organization is more
important nowadays than the previous days, because the processes have been used for numerous
times and they have been very old and this requires the processes to be renovated. It also checks
the various kind of article along with investigating with the given relationship with BPR. It also
checks the organizational performance in the context of the private sector. With respect to
research method employed, much of article makes use of the case study method, the survey
method and various conceptual studies. The given lesson is mainly inclusive of various
advantages of BPR success for completing and sustaining the outcome of BPR outcome. It is
mainly done for understanding the continuous improvement plan. It mainly highlights the need to
research which aims to investigate the overall effect of BPR at the level of output. The measure
of organizational performance in the given public sector helps are mainly differentiated from the
private sector. There is a need for proper research for fulfilling the gaps. Implementation of the
radical BPR is not possible and feasible in case of the public sector. This leads to the fact that the
management of the project gets performed with the help of the better management of the project.

As per Zwass (2008), there are two trends that actually emerge from various
transformations for organizations along with various business processes. The first trend is in
effect, digitalization of all the processes, standardization and resulting in the commodity
processes. The next trend consists of nourishing the knowledge of the organization and innovates
with the help of the exploration of approaches that help in process transformation along with the
exploitation of various standard routines. This is done in order to improve the efficiency of the
company. Davenport (2010) stated that the data that is required in order to carry out the
renovations are carried out with the help of distribution, digitization as well as their application.
BPT helps more in relating to higher levels
BPM that is considered as the third conceptualization is also considered as a management
that is process based which helps in getting efficiency as well as effectiveness in the processes
that have been implemented. This is done with the help of innovating the processes, flexibility
and integration with the help of technology by using business process modeling and automation
tools, methods and techniques like packages for workflow automation processes, simulation
codes and mathematical processes (Alsaigh 2010; Rosemann and Brocke 2010). Unlike the way
BPR performs, the BPM performs less radically. This does not include clean state or any
fundamental rethinking. The BPM methods advocate both bottoms up as well as top down
approaches. BPM does not target a holistic approach; it targets small and ongoing processes. It
also targets the ongoing processes (Alsaigh 2010). Having concurrent deigning, qualitative and
quantitative approaches are been merged across the process. This provides a comprehensive
examination of the research issue. This includes qualitative approach addressing the overall
process. Besides, the quantitative approach has been also explaining the results. Here, the uses of
assimilation of a couple of research approaches are suited best for solving the issue (Alsaigh

2010; Rosemann and Brocke 2010). These approaches are involved with their individual
weaknesses and strengths. The different categories of re-engineering activities in their
companies, impact on the activities across various organizations are stated in this unit of the
paper.
2.3 BPR in Public Sector Organizations
This particular part focuses on a review that has been carried out on public sector BPR
literature (Scholl 2003, 2005; Martin and Montagna 2006; Sundberg and Sandberg 2006;
Weerakkody, Janssen and Dwivedi 2011). The main objective of this part is to understand as
well as appraise the literature, identify various theories that are available and relevant to the
present study.
The review that has been provided in this section is built on the perspectives that have
already been identified in the literature of BPM, they are extended in light of various
circumstances that are unique and found in organizations that are based on public sectors.
Various public organizations have specific as well as unique characteristics which distinguish the
public sectors from numerous private sectors (MacIntosh 2003). The BPR aims in improving the
business processes and efficiency of the processes; it also improves the delivery of the processes
(Halachmi and Bovaird 1997). Some pressures have decreased the gap between the public as
well as private organization management practices. They have also made it possible to
implement business management in public sectors and reform some tools like Total Quality
management. Total Quality Management helps in improving the performance of the processes
that have been implemented (Scholl 2003, 2005; Martin and Montagna 2006; Sundberg and
Sandberg 2006; Weerakkody, Janssen and Dwivedi 2011).

There has been debates regarding the processing of the government and private
organization and this is the main aspect that is taken into consideration form better management
of the project. The ability of the BPR in terms of the functionality of the project is one of the
main reason that instances the project management and this is considered t be one of the main
concerns that are taken into consideration. BPR skepticism is one of the few articles that must be
gone through in order to understand the better management of the project. This is considered to
be one pf the most important articles that helps in better commencement of the project. After
completion of the checking of the BPR skepticism the implementation of the BPR optimism is
taken it consideration. After understanding the data that are present in the commencement of the
project management the article that is taken into consideration is the BPR pragmatism.
According to the data that are present in the BPR skepticism, the main concern that is
taken into consideration is that the projection of the management of the project can be performed
with the help of the management of the projection of the profits that are earned with the help the
manager of the earned profits. In case the revenue that is earned in the time of the project
management is high the project management can be preferred with highest efficiency. This is one
of the main reasons that the project management is performed with least efficiency in case of the
government organization. This is the main reason that the execution of the entire project is
performed with higher efficiency by the private business organization. Despite the fact that the
project that are to be performed by the government organization are of higher efficiency, the
main advantage that is gained instills the fact that the project management that is performed. The
employees that are hired by the government organizations are more efficient in nature this leads
to the fact that the stakeholders of the business organization are better than the business
organizations that are private in nature. The transparency of the private business organization are

higher than that of the government organization and this is the main reason that the projection of
the business management is performed in a better manner in the private business organization.
The performance that are provided by the private organization are much better than that of the
public business organization.
Schmidt and Nurcan(2016), stated that the main instance that is taken into consideration
includes the fact that the projection of the project management is performed in a better manner
and this is one of the main reason that the project management in the private business
organization is performed with higher efficiency. This is en of the main reason that innovation is
brought faster than the project management of the public sector. Due to the fact that the
organization structure of the business organization is not very well posted in the government
organizations the main problem that is present in the prosecution of the project includes the fact
that the management of the project gets difficult with time ad this affects the functioning of the
project that is undertaken by the business organization. The fact that the employability of the
employees of the public institutions are life long, leading to the fact that the management of the
project is not taken into consideration in a very serious node. This is also one of the main reason
that the management of the project is not performed with higher concern and the efficiency of the
project reduce s for the government organization. A difference in the processing of the business
management and this is the main reason that the commencement of the project gets least efficient
in nature and this is one of the cost important aspects that is taken into consideration for the
better management of the project. A difference in the BPR managing is also spotted in the
project management of the private sector and public sector. This is one of the main reasons that
the commencement of the project follows different process in case of the private and the public
statures. Again in case the project management process that are in both private and public

organizations re similar in nature the project management will be performed with least efficiency
for both the management structures. Both private and public management process will degrade
and this is one of the main reasons that a different methodology is implemented in the project
management. This difference that is present in the curse of management of the project, the main
instance that is taken in consideration is that the environment of the business organization is
taken in consideration as the entre scenario differs in terms of the project management and this is
the main reason that the management of the project gets diversified.
Implementation of the radical BPR is not possible and feasible in case of the public
sector. This leads to the fact that the management of the project gets performed with the help of
the better management of the project. The main reason that acts as a barrier in the project
completion with the help of the implementation of the radical BPR is that the management of the
public sector is not very efficient, leading to the fact that the prosecution of the project
management gets degrade. Again it can be stated that the management of the project can be
performed with the help of higher authorities of the business organization and this is the sole
reason that the management of the public sector does not implements the radical BPR
methodology.
According to Pfister and Schwabe(2015), In case of the BPR optimism, the main concern
that is present in the course of management of the project is that the management of the project
must be performed with the help of better management of the business as the performance in the
private sector is similar to that of the public sector and this is the most important conclusion that
can be drawn after several research. The project management in between the terminology of the
public sector as well as that of the private sector is similar in nature and this is the sole reason
that lessons can be learned from the private organization for better commencement of the

projects that are undergone by the public sector. Again Bhaskar and Singh(2014), stated that the
project management methods that are used in the private organization if used in the public
organization will lead to the failure in the projects and this is the main reason that the project
commencement can be performed with least efficiency in case similar BPR methodologies are
used in the project management system. , stated that the workflow process of the project is much
lesser that the project management and this is due to the fact that the commencement of the
project gets hampered in case of the public sector in case of the usage of the dame methodology
as the private organization. After taking survey from the project management in terms of the
improper management of the project in case of the usage of the same man management process
of that of the either sector uses. This contrast in the projection of the management techniques that
are to be used has been one of the major concerns that have to be taken into consideration for
better understanding pf the project management of both sectors. This is the main reason that
proper research is important in the projection of the management of the business organization.
This is the main reason that the commencement of the business organization can be performed
with the help of the better understanding of the management of the project. This is the main
reason that the projection of the business management can be performed with different approach
in the proceeding. Again if the projection of the better understanding of the better management
of the process can be performed with the help of appropriate research and better management of
the project.
According to Azizuddin(2016), The BPR program view that is implemented in the
projection of the management of the public sector as well as the private sector differs in a huge
manner and this is the main reason that the commencement of the project is performed with
highest efficiency and this is the main reason that the commencement of the project gets difficult

in nature and this is the reason that the management of the project can be performed with least
efficiency. The project management of the business organization deals with the aspect that the
project management deals with the aspect that the management of the project can be performed
with the help if the different terminologies namely AS-IS assessment in a TO DO methodology
this is the sole reason that the implementation of the project can be performed with the help of
the better management of the project.. This is the sole reason that the commencement of the
project requires proper implementation of the risk assessment and man management processes in
order to complete the project management in an efficient manner. This is also considered as one
of the main reason that the implementation of the top down methodology is used in the better
management of the public commencement of the data management and this is the sole reason
that the management of the business organization.
Out of the three techniques that are undertaken in the process of management of the
business organization it can be stated that the projection of the business projection will require
better project of the management of the BPR in case of the public terminology. In case of the
implementation of the BPR terminologies in an efficient manner the main issue that will be
present in the case of management of the project management is that the data that are generated
in the course of the management of the process ensures the fact that the management of the hinds
is performed with higher efficiency. This is the main reason that the management of the project
will be performed with the help of maximum efficiency. In case the management of the project is
programmed with higher integrity the outcome of the project will be better in nature and this is
the reason that the commencement of the project requires differential projection of the project
management technologies. This also affects the functioning lf the business management in a
better manner. Implementation of different BPR methodology helps in better completion of the

project and this is due to the fact that the management of the project in case of public
organization supports least innovation and the flexibility of the project that is present in the
management of the project will be least.
After the implication of the literature that are related to the projection of the business
management the aim instance that is taken into consideration is that the management of the
project gets performed in a diversified manner.
2.4 Dominant Perspective
A public sector review which is related to the BPR has been directly been identified in
the perspective of the dominant as being an resource of the BPR, BOR implementation problem
and the BPR depth. This section directly puts emphasis on the sector of the each of the
prospective which can be applied to the domain of working.
Table 1.1. The Dominant Perspectives as Found in the Developed Economy Public Sector
BPR Literature
Ref. Performance
Focus
Perspective Theory Method Finding
(Andersen 2006) Impact BPR depth Lit review conceptual The potential value
which is related to the
process of the public
sector.

(Gulledge and Output BPR Depth Lit case study It directly radically
changes the structure of
the process and the
enabling of the process.
Sommer review
2002)
(Halachmi and Output Resources Lit Conceptual The success of the
project directly depends
on the working of the
concept of the capacity
of the BPR
Bovaird review
1997)
(Harrington et Output BPR Lit case study The main sector of
emphasis is related to
the working of the

stakeholders and
assocaited person.
al. Implement review
1998) a-tion
problem
(MacIntosh 2003) Output Resource Lit review case study Success factor of the
project
(McAdam and
Micheli 1998)
Output BPR depth Lit review Conceptual Proposed transformation
of the working of the
organisation.
(McAdam and Output Resource Lit Case study The management of the
top support and the
working which is
related to the internal

working of the
organisation.
Donaghy review
1999)
(McAdam and Impact Resource Lit Case study Team changes and the
working
Corrigan review competencies are
2001) critical for BPR
success
(McNulty and Output BPR Lit case study BPR failed to
Ferlie 2004) implement review achieve the intended
- ation radical change due
problem to a lack of BPR
project management
capability on the part
of

change agents
(Ongaro Impact Resource Lit case study Implementation of
2004) review BPR results in a
significant
reduction in license
issuing time, and an
increase in quality of
information, user
satisfaction,
responsiveness to
customers and
flexibility. The finding
noted problems of
resources and
expertise while
implementing.
(Scholl Output Resource Lit survey Resources which would
be allocated for the
project
2003) review

(Scholl Output Resource Lit survey IT, BPR team
2005) review competency, electronic
record system, and
financial capacity are
critical for BPR project
success
(Sia and
Neo 2008)
Impact BPR depth Lit
review
survey Empowerment process
and the working of the
concept.
(Thong et Output Resource Lit case study Concept of the working
al. 2000) review competencies are
important for BPR
project success
Weerakkody,
Janssen and
Dwivedi 2011)
Outcome BPR depth Lit review case study IT/IS organisation and
the working which is
related to the concept.

2.5 BPR resources
Relating to the private sector it can be stated that the public sector of the organization
would be under certain constraints. These constraints can be stated to be one of the few factors
which can drive the sector of the working which is related to the organization. In most of the
working of the organization it can be stated that the satisfaction of the public sector can be one of
the few points which can enhance the working and it can be considered as few of the points
which can drive the project. It can be stated here that BPR implementation in the sector of
working can directly depend on the organizations capacity to implement the BPR. In the sector it
can be stated that distinguishing the value adding mission and the service of non-value adding of
the process. Relative to the sector of the private BPR it can be stated that Alsaigh, (2010) stated
that financial capacity can be considered to be more crucial in the sector of the working which
can enhance the working of the BPR project success.

It can be stated here that there are many private sectors which can be identified which can
be stated to be playing a significant role in the BPR team competencies. Based on the sector of
working which is related to the case study it can be stated that the sector of the emphasis can be
stated in the domain of the reengineering team and how the completion of the different working
can be done. MacIntosh, (2003) found that the support which is related to the top management
can be considered to be knowledgeable area which is related to the proper working of the sector.
According to the case study it can be stated that in the health care sector and in most of the areas
the result which is obtained can be stated to be very much obvious due to the strategic area of the
implementation and how the working is linked to the sector. Similar it can be stated in the
domain of the most of the area of the concern can be related to the working that can brought
about satisfaction of the customer expectation which would be directly involving certain factor
of the risk factor and it can always have a positive attenuate towards the work time and the
concept which is linked to the overall interaction of the customers and the working which is
linked to the working.
2.6 BPR Depth and Breadth
One of the important factors which can be related to the sector of the working can be
stated to be changes which are made within the organization. Some of the sector of the working
is directly related to the factor of the changes of the organization changes and the working which
is related to the working. In most of the cases it can be stated that according to the IT/IS system
the changes which are made should be affecting the overall working of the organization and the
linkage which is seen should be gaining of the competitive advantage of the organization. In
most of the areas it can stated to be very much beneficial for the working of the organization and
the sector of the linkage of the working and the strategy of the organization.

Taking into consideration the constraint which is related to the transformation of the
potential BPR it can be stated that public sector and the difficulty which is related to the some of
the assumption which is related to the clean slate in the sector of the public. The model which is
stated here can be stated to be one of the factor which takes into consideration different sector
which is related to the characteristics of the public sector such as the level of the potential
interfaces. In most of the sector it can be stated that there are many working areas which can be
limited to the internal and the external part of the working which can be directly be involved in
to the working of the concept. The model which is related to the working can be stated to be very
much extensive which would be including some of the working area which is related to the
working of the prospective. In most of the sector it can be stated that which underlines the
organization which can be related to be public in the domain of the exertion of the different
process. The process directly takes into consideration different aspect which is related to the
working and how the changes would be directly 9involved in the section of the working of the
organization. The main finding which can be stated here can be directly be related to the working
of the concept and how the overall working of the concept can be altered.
In the sector of the transformation which is related to the e government it can be stated
that two case studies are taken into consideration. Their finding can be stated to be one of the
important factors which can be stated to be one of the crucial factors which play a significant
role in the sector of the implementation. In most of the areas it can be stated that there is various
sector of implementation which can done. There is a constant argue that the BPR is very much
relevant to the transformation of the public administration and the affect which can be stated or
be very much radical and the working which is linked to the working, it can be stated that the

BPR can be stated to be one of the impotent factor which can directly lead to the factor the
success.
2.7 BPR implementation Problem
Alsaigh, (2010) stated that the BPR can be stated to be implemented in the domain of the
implementation of the health care and the sector of the report of the UK stated that organization
mostly fail due to the improvement problem. In most of the areas it can be stated that the
implementation of the BPR can be stated to be one of the important factor which is related to the
working and in most of the cases it can be stated powerful professionalism. In most of the cases
it can be stated that the existing sector of the implementation can be done in order to match the
requirement and the status which is linked to the working. In most of the cases it can be stated
that the working of the organization should be modified according to the sector of the working of
the organization. Alsaigh, (2010) identified that the sector of the working of the different
stakeholders can be stated to be playing a more significant role in the domain of the working of
the concept. In most of the cases it can be stated that the requirement of the stakeholders can be
stated to be very much significant due to the factor that it directly includes the working which is
linked to the concept. In most of the situation it can be stated that the matching of the need of the
customer can be stated too be very much crucial in the working of the organization and in
different cases it can be stated that working of the organization should be linked to the sector of
the working. On the other hand, it can be stated that t6he requirement of the organization can
directly enhance the working which is related to the working. There is various sector of
implementation which can be seen in the domain of the implementation.

2.8 Summary
The finding of the review can be stated to be very much crucial in the working of the
organization so it can be stated that there is various section of working which can be included
into the working of the organization. In most of the cases it can be stated that the sector of the
implementation of the details can be done in order to match the requirement of the organization
and the linking of the sector of the working of the organization. It can be stated here that there is
different sector of working which can be related to the concept of the working and in majority of
the cases there are different form of competitive advantage which can be gained by the business
organization in the sector of the implementation of the BPR. It can be stated that the BPR is in
the verge of research and it can be stated that in the infrastructure it would be playing a more
dominating role. The implementation sector can be stated to be one of the important factors
which should be focus and the alignment of the BPR should be done in a manner that the
organization would be gaining different form of competitive advantage within the working of the
process. Hence it can be stated that professional involvement can be stated to be one of the
concern area so that it can directly help in the sector of the implementation.
Evaluation of Theoretical and Empirical
Based on the analysis of public sector firms, the articles of BPR focus on certain number
of theories which is guided and properly informed by all the given findings. All the given
reviews are totally based on literature of BPR. It mainly highlights the need of public sector
which lacks the given theory. It also checks the various kind of article along with investigating
with the given relationship with BPR. It also checks the organizational performance in the
context of private sector. All the given studies mainly highlight the resource perspective which is

an important factor for BPR outcome. With respect to research method employed, much of
article makes use of case study method, survey method and various conceptual studies.
2.8.2 Implication
A proper review of the given public sector that is literature of BPR emphasize on three views
which is undertaken by various extant. It focuses on literature on applicability on the BPR
practices and various lesson learned from public sectors. It mainly focuses BPR skepticism, BPR
optimizing and lastly BPR pragmatism. All the review is mainly done by making use of BPR
pragmatism which is taken to be most dominant view among all the given views. The reviews
help in gathering proper lesson from the current study. The given lesson is mainly inclusive of
various advantages of BPR success for completing and sustaining the outcome of BPR outcome.
It is mainly done for understanding the continuous improvement plan. It requires involvement of
employee and all the required stakeholders in the implementation of BPR. It focuses on
allocating required amount of financial resources to the BPR. It aims in selecting some of the
financial resources which is needed by a reengineering team. It focuses on role of IT in the BPR
and required function of BPR. The main focus of IT in BPR and the function of organization
need to be reengineered. It focuses on securing the top level of management for support and
commitment. It also intends to empower the front line of the employee.
At the time of measurement and proper evaluation of the public sector at the outcome of BPR
which is taken to be an outcome. It mainly highlights the need to research which aims to
investigate the overall effect of BPR at the level of output. The measure of organizational
performance in the given public sector helps are mainly differentiated from the private sector.
There is a need of proper research for fulfilling the gaps. There is a need of further organizational
effect of organization BPR sector. A proper review has been provided with respect to the given

conceptual models which does not have any kind of element for performance and which is
needed for testing and proper validation.
The last section of mainly deals with literature review in the given public sector which lacks the
theory of underpinning for guiding various models. It is needed for proper formulation of
research question and hypotheses. The development of the overall measurement, data analysis
and interpret of findings. The suggestion is needed for further research which is based on certain
number of models and validation of various instruments which is needed by future research.
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Introduction
This particular chapter helps in researching the philosophy and proper paradigm which
has been guided by the study and various other kinds of research methods and techniques that
needs to be pursued. Both the section that is 1 and 2 aims to highlight the various philosophy
based on research and paradigm which has been used in this particular research. As dictated by
the required paradigm, a particular one needs to be taken for this research. The third section
focus on various methods of data collection and process. While section 4 aims focus on data
analysis step and processes.
3.2 Research paradigm
Each of the vital aspect of the project has been properly guided and properly governed by
some of the beliefs and lastly assumptions. A list of beliefs focuses on the existence and nature
of the overall reality, perceived relation with object for being studied which is taken to be real in
nature. The process and method of understanding something can be considered to be real one.

There are some fundamental principles which need to be properly guided and shaped. A list of
research needs to be done can be considered to be collective paradigm.
Ontology can be stated as one of the branch of the metaphysics which is based on nature
of reality. It mainly focuses what is taken into consideration and whether it is real in nature. The
stating type of evidence needs to be accepted and to be inserted for something which is real in
value and nature. A research can easily make use of phenomenon which method of inquiry. It is
considered to be very much subjective nature which exists through human action only.
Epistemology is mainly related with the required for philosophy for knowledge about reality
which should be acquired about the method of data collection. A research aims to work through
view frames which are based on interaction of thing that is being researched. The main objective
of epistemology for understanding the knowledge.
The last aspect that is third and final aspect focus on research paradigm which is based on
methodology. It focuses on the research methods for conducting the empirical research at the
time of looking for phenomenon. It is very much related to strategic approach instead of specific
methods and technique for employing the data analysis and collection. Methodology aims to look
for qualitative and quantitative approach for conducting the overall research.
The paradigm comes up with large set of assumption like axiology and rhetoric which has
been considered. The paradigm is totally based on position of given research based paradigm. It
is totally based on certain number of position for the research which focus on three basic
components. The main problem of the paradigm is positivism, critical realism.
It can be easily stated that the whole paradigm comes up with three steps of assumption
that is axiology and rhetoric. The given paradigm is totally based on overall position of the

research based on three components. They are mainly classified as positivism and lastly critical
realism.
It can be easily concluded that the research paradigm can be considered to be helpful in
checking the positivist which is based on the overall methodology of the research report. It is
totally based on research question which has been posted. It focuses on reducing the turns which
are based on adaptation along with methods of collection of evidence, inferences. By the
exception of the positive paradigm the researchers need to be dependent on the observer and both
the two researchers are considered to be an important part of the overall investigation. The goal
of positivism paradigm is to make use of valid and proper and reliable generational for the given
theory and is totally based on empirical based findings. Positivist based oriented provides
research question which is related to overall theory of testing. The research question which is
formulated in the terms of reasoning of deductive. They aim to come up with proper testable
hypothesis which has been drawn from certain number of theories. The hypothesis aims to work
along through support or rejection which is done through empirical data.
By making use of proper paradigm, the main aim of gaining the proper understanding and
explaining the overall phenomenon. Critical realism comes up with some ontological based
instances which is similar to positivism and much better development.
3.3 Ontological and Epistemological Positioning
Ontological and choice of epistemological which is needed for positivism, critical realism
which is not totally based on approach for superior needed. As stated by Orlikowski and Baroudi
all research philosophies … can offer an insightful perspective on the phenomena of interest in
information systems research. What is required is that researchers understand the implications
of their research perspective and act in ways that reflect that knowledge. … Research methods

and assumptions are not learned and appropriated in a vacuum. They are heavily influenced by
the doctoral program attended [and] the agendas of powerful and respected mentors.
Depending on three instances of the current study which has been guided and formed for
the list of reasons. The first step is form research based activities which are needed for
understanding the hypotheses for understanding the impact of formal proposition and certain
measures of variable. It is very much relevant to the required study which makes use of
difference of effect of BPR for the productivity of the employee. The project management
mainly depends on the department of the utility sector of the given organization.
The major part of the research is focus on certain number of deductive policies which
aims to provide reasoning for the aim of confirming and extension of stipulated resources in the
given developing countries. It is considered to be main characteristic of paradigm of positivist.
The second thing which is more common under the investigation of the experience of
BPR is organization for having proper survey of the organization. It will make use of list of
question which is needed for quantifying the values of measurement. It makes use of some
statistical method which has been provided by hypothesis. The model validation for proper
measurement and structure model for testing large number of hypothesis with respect to relation
between the research constructions along with reliability of measurement. The ultimate role of
researcher is to gather the analysis and have to interpret the results for it against the hypothesis
which does not have any amount of data. The main goal of this particular research is to focus on
positive paradigm.
The research focus on the positivist based assumption for the reality for being separated
results is very much applicable. The most basic idea is to look for some process which needs to
be design and followed for various survey instruments. The given validation focuses on certain

number of process for proper establishment along with structural and model validity and lastly its
reliability.
The fourth value of research emphasize on both training and proper experiences which is
needed for quantitative method and procedure along with the positivism paradigm. It aims to
keep an eye on the positive research in the information system research.
Ontological: The ultimate goal of research is to understand the effect of BPR for the
productivity of the employee productivity. It can be easily measured based on some of the
research and its instruments. It can be easily tested by making use of empirical study analysis.
Epistemologically: The objective of the research is considered to be independent in
nature. Like this, researcher will not focus on implementation of BPR. It comes up with certain
number of methods and approach which is needed for studying the BPR experiences of the given
organization. The method and approach of researcher will ultimately allow for gaining
experiences. The given procedures are needed to be adopted and believed for preventing the
overall bias.
3.4 Methodological choices
The overall choice of research mainly depends on the epistemological based choices
which come up with certain number of objectives. The present study is based on the paradigm. It
focuses on the main purpose for the given research which is taken for previous studies and
proper study. The main goal of the research is to check the validation for following the methods
and generalization of large number of population. It mainly aims to check the main goal of
theory of validation and deductive based approach. The main goal of the study is all about
hypothesis by making use of statistical methods and its generalization.

Quantitative Methodology which aims to provide the ability for procedure and objective
which is needed generalization of the large population. Quantitative survey aims to provide
objective and reliable data which is needed for some large population. The survey is needed for
very little amount for the phenomenon for some large population. A qualitative method is needed
to be mixed with qualitative methods for the existing the enhancing the study.
Thus, it is seen that the above research methodology can be deployed for the current
study effectively. Further, this is a mixed-method strategy. Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004, 17)
have defined research as the design with various philosophical assumption with various
strategies of inquiries. Whenever, any methodology includes, these types of philosophical
assumptions guiding this includes analysis and collecting of information. This is also an
admixture of quantitative and qualitative approaches at various phases within this overall
process. This has concentrated over gathering, assessing and connecting qualitative and
quantitative information to one study or various studies in series. The central premise has been
the qualitative and quantitative approach together provided better understanding of issues of
researches whether one of approach can be taken individually (Creswell, 2009).
Moreover, (Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) and Creswell (2009) referred “mixed-method”
research as the approach for inquiring combination of the above forms of researches. Besides,
has also defined mixed-method research as the research class. Here the researchers has been
combining and mixing the above research techniques, approaches, methods, languages and
concepts into one study. Thus, from the above definitions, particular elements of the research can
be seen as the premise that the admixture has provided effective insights that is gained through
the above two approaches. Here, there three primary strategies of the mixed-method researches.
These are transformative mixed methods, concurrent mixed methods and sequential mixed

methods (Creswell, 2009). Within the strategy of mixed method strategy. The researcher
develops and reinforces various outcomes of various methods with others (Tashakkori and
Teddlie, 1998; Creswell, 2007, 2009; Morgan, 2007).. Here, for instance the study starts with
qualitative interview for different exploratory reasons. This follows up quantitative survey
method for generalizing the outcomes of their population. Here, the adverse is also possible as
there is any necessity is they comprises of testing. This is followed by future access with some
situations to analyze the results. Having concurrent deigning, qualitative and quantitative
approaches are been merged across the process. This provides comprehensive examination of
research issue. This includes qualitative approach addressing the overall process. Besides, the
quantitative approach has been also explaining the results. Furthermore, it is also helpful for
researches with collect qualitative and quantitative data at the same time. Then it uses both in
interpreting the outcomes.
Within the strategy of transformative mixed-method, the researcher implements theory-
based system. This entails the designing of the research. It also embraces qualitative and
quantitative data as per Johnson et al. (2007). Thus theoretical framework has been serving as the
springboard for different hypothesis of formulating. This also includes methods to collect data,
predict outcomes and designing instruments. Here, the transformative strategy of mixed-method
is deployable at sequential and concurrent approach to collect data. Here, the research has been
falling under various categories of transformative mixed-method strategy. Thus is validated
through structural equation modeling approach. This is done assimilation with qualitative data.
Here, the mixed-method approach has been proper as the researcher deems uses of
quantitative and qualitative approach alone. This comprises of insufficient deal with the present
research issue. Here, the uses of assimilation of a couple of research approaches are suited best

for solving the issue. These approaches are involved with their individual weaknesses and
strengths. Thus mixed-method approach supplies third opinions allowing researches for
selecting strengths from a single approach offsetting weaknesses from others. Here, some
instances of this has been necessarily including while explaining the outcomes of quantitative
findings of the study and exploring qualitatively proper conducting the survey and experimental
study.
Particularly, on the basis of Creswell (2009)’s specifications, the methodology can be
deployed in the study as a “quantitative dominant mixed method”. As per (Bryman and Bell
2007), the method of quantitative dominant approach, here is believed to be the insights achieved
from qualitative data that is beneficial for the research. This is compatible with particular
paradigms and proper for the intended purpose of this research. The particular methods of
researches to be followed for deploying mixed-method strategy are discussed in the next
sections.
3.5. Understanding research methods:
This deals with different tactical decisions that are made while developing the study. As
per indications in the above sections, the research is conducted on the basis of quantitative
dominant mixed-method approach. This is proving hypothesis that introducing BPR in employee
productivity. Additionally, the methods are chosen for optimal assessments of effects of different
interventions around various types of demographic subparts. This is outlines in appendix section
that consists of preliminary research instrument. In this way, the outcomes are examined and are
compiled in the basis of various provisions of discussions and instruments. This proves the thesis
statements on 6he basis the reactions therein (Churchill, 1979; Straub et al., 2004; Lewis et al.,
2005).

3.5.1 Discussion on Qualitative Method:
Here, the qualitative part is conducted via two studies that include interviews from
organizations. Here, the initial wave of exploratory study is conducted prior the survey to inform
developing of conceptual models and tools. Again, the second wave is researched at the same
time of the first one. This gains insights to issues to implement BPR. This extent of changes is
introduced as BPR and the impact and outcome of BPR in employee productivity of utility
sectors of the organizations. Then, the analyzing of interpretation of hypothesis testing is done.
At the second wave, the interviews from five companies are analyzed. Apart from the recent case
study, the secondary data like statistical and financial report s and other documents deems
relevance for the study to be collected.
3.5.2. Quantitative method:
It is the dominant part of the research. This is conducted through the survey. Here, the
survey research is developed for assuring reliability, generalizability and objectivity. This is done
through using techniques to select random participants from the overall population of the study.
This is done in an unbiased way. Here, the survey research has been using standardized
questionnaire and different statistical methods for testing predetermined hypothesis about
relationships between particular variables. Moreover, the survey process has included generating
hypothesis on the basis on the extant literature, instrument design, data collection, sampled
design, instrument design and creating interferences.
Besides, the research of quantitative survey researches has been followed by four types of
sources of errors (Ozcelik, 2010; Herzog et al., 2009; Albadvi et al., 2007; Moynihan and
Pandey, 2005; Brewer and Selden, 2000; McAdam and Donaghy, 1999; Sung and Gibson, 1998;
Grover et al., 1998; Guimaraes and Bond, 1996). Measuring of errors has been occurring

because of tools that are not validated well and nit dependable. The sampling mistakes has been
relating to processes that are employed pertaining to sample frame, respondent selection, sample
size determination and so on. The statistical conclusion and internal validity errors are because of
mistakes related to sampling and measurements. Here, the vigorous survey designing process
sampled design, data collecting, and methods of assessment processes to decrease the extent of
these errors. Further, the survey design is based on the researches of Straub et al. (2004), Lewis
et al (2005) and Hair et al. (2006) for decreasing the previous mistakes related to quantitative
survey.
3.6 Reason behind Questionnaire Instruments:
Here the tools utilized for the research has comprised of questions that are selected
carefully. This is to fit the reason beyond the study. Here, the objective of the initial five
statements has been to deploy the demographic elements of respondents. These outcomes are
important in formulating the informed assessment as the impact of BPR. This happens at
individual level. The prior researches are intimated different demographic factors like marital
status, educational level, age and gender. This has affected the methods in which employees have
reacted to changes in workplaces and other settings. Hence, this is vital to involve the section for
aiding to groups and sort reactions for finding trends that are as per different factors.
The followings sections of questionnaire has comprised of statements needing the
respondents to opt for the outcomes derived from Likert scales. Here, the reason of these
statements is hugely deployed to introduce different forms and measures of BPR. This has
important effect on the productivity and performances at workplace. Here, the answers form the
platforms of the study, analyzed and sorted through reactions at the initial part of the
questionnaire. Here, for instance, the questionnaires that are been filled by people between 21 to

30 years. They are groups together for deploying whether these interventions have any impact on
the overall productivity. Moreover, same grouping is also done and the effects are also analyzed.
Here, it is the central section of the study and functioning to refute and prove hypothesis of
different BPR initiatives. This has been possessing important impacts on employee productions.
Lastly, the questions are more interactive and he respondents are needed to provide
reactions deeming to fit. Here, the reason of the question is to deploy issues. This hinders the
implementing process of different BPR methods and developing productivity at office. Lastly,
the final questions of helpful to inform the body of management in probable means methods to
be utilized for optimal outcomes (Churchill, 1979).
3.7 Different data Collection Methods and Procedures:
Here, the surveys of questionnaire are done in different manners like online, mails and
hand delivered instruments. This is done in a face-to-face manner. Here, the survey is done
through developing web pages for the online survey and sending emails. This links the web
pages with various types of respondents Field (2009). Further, the web-based methods of surveys
have been assuming respondents. This has access to Internet and email addresses that are known
to priori. Here, the portal mail survey has been including questionnaire survey together with
various self-addressed “postage-paid” returns. This has been enveloping the respondents.
Besides, the postal system is found to be a less important scope for the present survey Boyatzis
(1998). This has been for three causes. Firstly, it is seen that Saudi Postal system has been
lacking the scope of needed efficiency. Next, the various sectors of utility at Saudi Arabia have
been using shared mailboxes. Here, it has indicated that the researchers are unable to confirm.
Here, the respondents have been receiving the surveys (Churchill 1979). Thirdly, there are
tendencies that are not responding to various types of non-mandatory requests. This is for

cooperation sent through emails. Thus, in order to ignore those non-responsive risks, the
researchers should prefer different methods that are hand-delivered. Besides, the face-to-face and
hand-delivered survey methods are commonly utilized by prior studies of same types (Ozcelik,
2010; Herzog et al., 2009; Albadvi et al., 2007; Moynihan and Pandey, 2005; Brewer and
Selden, 2000; McAdam and Donaghy, 1999; Sung and Gibson, 1998; Grover et al., 1998;
Guimaraes and Bond, 1996).
Thus it can be said that the data for this research is gathered in Ethiopia. This is done
through various hand-delivered paper-based methods. This has also included survey of online
questionnaire. Further, the items in the questionnaire have been measured as per Lickert-scale.
This has been done on a single company that has filled utmost 5 questionnaires of surveys.
However, just five of the questionnaires from every company are distributed to the department
heads of project management (Churchill 1979). This is for every utility sector of organizations.
This is deployed at BPR.
3.8 Data Analysis Approaches and Tools:
Here the study is applicable to various SEM techniques for the suggested relationships
among various variable in this research. This SEM is seen to be the most broadly accepted
method and the best one as per as testing is considered (Churchill 1979). This has been for
constructing validity and theoretical relationship among various constructs. In order to set the
data for expected assessment, the information is to be analyzed regarding missing normality,
outliers and values. Prior testing the research hypothesis, the reliability and validity to measure
instruments underpinning the research model is also deployed through EFA or Exploratory
Factor Analysis (Churchill 1979). This also includes CFA “Confirmatory Factor
Analysis”(Boyatzis 1998).

Further, the SPPS version 19 is used for preparing data and for EFA. The analyzing of the
survey and the case study is compromised with various steps on the basis of related guidelines
(Churchill, 1979; Straub et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2005; Hair et al., 2010).Besides, the “AMOS
version 19”, must be deployed for the structural and instrumental validity analysis.
Here, the various steps are analyzed hereafter.
Step 1: Performing assessment of primary exploratory surveys and studies. These interviews are
assessed through thematic analysis (Churchill 1979). Here, the surveys are assessed through
descriptive statistics. Here, the outcomes of the analysis assures content validity and used to
develop and refine the instruments of surveys.
Step 2: This includes estimations, missing if data identifications, purifications and data cleaning.
Step 3: Here, the initial reliability and measuring of purifications are analysed (Churchill 1979).
For preventing unwanted dimensions or factors to take place while factor analysis is done and
discard and identify various garbage items, the coefficients of alpha and different item-to-total
correlations are measured.
Step 4: Here, deployments of reliability and validity of survey instruments are to be done. There
are measuring of validities as the instruments measures and intentions of measures are done
(Field 2009). Besides, the reliability has analyzed whether any tool or item measuring any
specific construct is constant around various cases and repeated occasions.
Step 5: This includes constructing of structural model analysis. Here, the validity of structural
models is analyzed in various ways. They are GOF or “Goodness of Fit” indices, comparison of
fitting statistics of structural model with fit statistics of entire measurement mode and value of
explained variances (Churchill 1979). The last one is on the basis of size, direction and
importance of path estimates or regression coefficient.

Step 6: This involves analyzing case studies. Here, the data from interviews and case studies are
assessed on the basis of theoretical ideas of research modes. This is utilizing of theoretical ideas
as themes for the analysis (Churchill 1979). As seen to be appropriate, the various insights
gained from the studies can be helpful for validating and giving explanations for quantitative
findings (Boyatzis 1998).
3.9 Summary:
The present chapter has discussed various available methodological choices (Churchill
1979). This has indicated those that are to be pursued in this study. Here, the research has
followed positivist paradigm and used mixed-method research design. This has been principally
comprised of quantitative surveys (Churchill 1979). However, this is followed and preceded
through smaller qualitative case studies. Here, the web-based surveys and papers are interviews
have included various modes of data collections.
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion
Introduction
The prime determination of this unit of the paper is to focus on the data which is
collected from the participants of this project. The participants associated to this survey worked
on their opinion about the different types of business process re-engineering and its impact on
the employees of the enterprises across the Saudi Arabian Utility Industry. There are different
types of research tools used in this paper such as the survey questionnaires and the list of
questions which are attached in the appendix unit of this document. The findings of the subject
will be presented in the findings unit of the paper. The aims and objectives of the paper will be

evaluated with the final outcome of the paper to understand its justification. The key features of
the participants are mentioned in this paper. The different categories of re-engineering activities
in their companies, impact on the activities across various organizations are stated in this unit of
the paper. The challenges faced during the implementation of the discussed activities are also
evaluated in this unit of the paper. The data collected will be presented in a structured manner in
this unit of the paper. 52 different types of participants were chosen for evaluating this findings
of the paper. The participants included different sections of the industry such as the junior staffs
and the managers. The forms were fulfilled by the participants effectively and send back to the
research team surely. 100% response rate was achieved in due course of this process and it
helped to maintain better results. The existing business theories was compared with the data
collected from the participants, this was very much helpful to examine the informed conclusions
and the recommendations unit of the paper. The sample were maintained and evaluated efficient
so that the reliability of the data is maintained effectively.
Demographics
The accuracy of the results of the survey is maintained with the help of the demographics. The
different parameters of the respondents such as the age, level of education, working experience
and the current position in the organization.
Gender of participants
52 participants were considered in the survey, among them 40 males were there and 12
women. This makes 77% male in the team and 23% of the team were female. The following
chart will be helpful to understand the ratio.

77%
23%
Gender
Male Female
Figure 1: Participants of the gender
(Source: Created by the author)
Age of the participants: This survey have different people of different ages, the minimum
age of the participants was 21 years old and the maximum age of the participants is around 50
years old. The frequency of the age distribution of the survey are stated in the below table.
Age Frequency
21-30 26
31-40 24
41-50 1
51 and above 1
Total 52
Table 1: Participant's age
(Source: Created by the author)

Educational qualifications of the participants
The educational qualifications of the participants are a minimum of a university degree
and higher diploma. Some of the participants only has a master’s degree and some of them only
attended high school degree.
Professional Career
The professional career of the participants is stated in this unit of the paper. Among the
52 participants involved in the research it was found that 14 of them worked in their current
organization for a tenure of 5 years, 28 of them were worked between 2-4 years, 10 respondents
had a short career span of just two years.
Response Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Under 2 years 10 19.2 19.2 19.2
2-4 years 28 53.8 53.8 73.1
5-7 years 6 11.5 11.5 84.6
8 years and
above
8 15.4 15.4 100.0
Total 52 100.0
Table 2: Working experience
(Source: Created by the author)

Position held in the organization
Most of the participants who took place in the survey belong to middle level seniority.
The lowest percentage of the rank is the management level. The findings of the table are
discussed below in the table:
Position Frequency Percentage
Management 21 40.3
Middle level (Heads of
department)
14 27
Lower level (Management
trainees and Supervisors
7 13.4
Subordinate (Administration
and clerks)
10 19.3
Total 52 100
Table 3: Participants’ level of seniority
(Source: Created by the author)
Re-engineering initiatives of the oil and gas sector in Saudi Arabia
The growth and development of the organization is directly dependent on the BPR. The
changes in the work process, performance levels are increased with the help of the enhanced
customer experience. The powerful strategies of the oil and gas sector in Saudi Arabia focuses on
the design adjustment of the workflow and the in-depth analysis. The various essential processes

can be re-structured with the help of the re-engineering initiatives. The competitiveness of this
sector of the industry is also maintained with the help of these initiatives. The service quality of
the oil and gas sector of Saudi Arabia are improved positively with the help of the discussed
business strategies as the result of the reduction of the costs associated with the projects and the
improved quality of products.
The findings which are stated in this paper is consistent with the assertions of Crowe et
al. (2002), which states that the business organizations will be transformed with the help of the
business processes. The management of the strategies depends upon the business process re-
engineering. BPR is very much improvement for the productivity and performance of the
employees and the company. BPR in the oil and gas sector of this country can be improved
significantly with the help of the BPR. To deal with the competitors of the similar industries the
conventional and the traditional production are evaluated by the BPR. The level of business
profitability can also be improved with the help of the BPR. The success rate and the failure rate
of all the major units of the company is managed with the help of the BPR. Integration of the
business process requires effective strategies; the service lead time of the business process are
the key factors for the development of the oil and gas sector in the Saudi Arabia. The efficiency
of the time frame of the projects in this sector is directly responsible for the growth of this
business. Different department of this industry are impacted with the BPR such as the staff
development, strategy development and implementation, restructuring of the entire organization
and the technological improvement.

Staff Development
The development of the staff of this business sector depends on the attitude and the value
towards the work for all the employees associate the business organization. The dedication levels
of the staffs depend upon their attitude in the work. Major shift in the level of organization for
improving the managerial approach is one of the vital aspects of this industry. It was found that
the high level of active participation on part of the employees had a positive impact on the staff
and crew of this industry (Nesrine and Habib 2016, p.170). The motivation levels of the
employees of this industry also changed significantly with the help of the BPR. Resistance to
change is not at all an issue for this industry, creativity and innovation became one of the key
specifications of the employers of this industry. The productivity of the employees depends upon
the following:
Schedule Management: The job schedules of the different employees of this industry is
impacted with the help of effective planning and implementation. The drawing plans are
managed by the managers, the works are scheduled on a monthly basis., depending upon the
different category of engagement.
Provision of tools and materials: The tools which are required by the employers of this
industry are present in their work stations.
Commitment: High level of commitment is the most intriguing feature of the employees
of this organization. 100% responsibility rate maintaining the cost effectiveness and the
minimization of the wastes the most committed specification of the employees of this industry.
Team Work: The employees of this organization work in a very flexible working
environment as they help each other to meet their personal as well as the goals of the

organization. Smooth operation of the production line depends upon the team work of the
employees of this industry.
Timely delivery: Time frames are very important factor for the progress of this industry.
The technological enhancements help this industry to deliver each units of the production. The
use of the automated technologies is very much crucial for the enhanced productivity of the oil
and gas sector industry (Novikov et al. 2016, p.130). Highly trained workers use the billing
technology to meet their deadlines. The computer related mechanisms in the productions units
are responsible for the timely delivery of the products of this university.
Positive reinforcement: The employers of this industry feel motivated and encouraged
with the help of the positive re-enforcement. This can improve the overall productivity of the
industry.
Quality Checks: The strategic quality assessment points through the production process
of the industry have positive impact on the productivity of the organization.
Customer Care: The feedback which is obtained from the clients of this industry is
helpful to understand the effectiveness of the production units. The decision makers of this
industry plays huge role in shaping the progress of the project (Grant 2002).
Strategy
The robust strategies adopted by this industry is very much important for the
organizational goals and objectives. The strategies are selected and implemented according to the
business scenarios in this industry (Mathur and Asthana 2016, p.30). Identification of the
problems and finding the solutions of the problems are mainly considered in the strategy making
if this business industry. Changing the existing management system as required is the other

significant business strategy adopted by this business organization. The mission and the vision of
the organization are always considered in mind while forming and implementing the business
strategies. According to the research made by Tower ( 1994), indication of the strategies are also
one of the most crucial parts of the strategies adopted by this industry. The overall performance
of all the internal and the external stakeholders associated to this industry is directly or indirectly
depended on the business strategies adopted by this this. Innovative mentality of the floor
managers of this industry is the reason behind the success implementation of the business
strategies on their different productions units. These business strategies are updated every now
and then and are very much useful for the efficiency of all the living and the nonliving assets
associated to this industry. Tackling the complicated challenges is the other significant aspect of
the business strategies adopted by this business organization. The important business decisions
of this industry are considered with the help of the business strategies adopted by the top officials
of this industry.
Technology
The different types of technologies used in this industry is stated in this unit of the paper.
The oil and gas industry of the Saudi Arabia uses different technologies of the information
technology in different modules. There is a specific information technology teams which is
present in this organization who works dedicatedly for maintaining the landscape of this
industry. The IT usage of this industry is also restricted as the top level management do not want
to invest too much on the technologies as the updated versions of those technologies are
releasing every now and then for this industry. Massive changes were observed after the
integration of the information technology devices in the different modules of this industry. The

usage of the advanced technologies of information technology is the main reason behind its
positive global reputation. Optimal planning of the next step of action is conducted with the help
of the automated technologies of the information technology. The business records and resources
are maintained with the help of the new and advanced technologies used the working
environment of this industry. The information technology tools which are implemented in this
industry are tested before its implementation in the oil and gas industry. The success rate of the
BRP project are analyzed with the help of the technologies which are mainly built on
information technology. The productivity of the employees is impacted sufficiently with the help
of the technologies used in the information technology. This industry has different types of
backend offices and high end information are sent from one entity of the organization to the
other part of the organization with the help of effective platforms which are built on the
technologies used in the information technology. The different types of internal and external
stakeholders associated to this industry is impacted positively with the help of the stated
Information technologies, the personal level of growth can be attained with the help of the
information technologies considering the employers. The external stakeholders associated to this
industry also uses different types of communication platforms which are built entirely on the
information technologies. The use of the information technology is very much beneficial for this
industry (Asikhia and Awolusi 2015, p.9). Among all the different departments of this industry
the mangers of this industry mostly uses the information technology for managing the projects.
The project management tools are integrated with the information technology to yield better
results for this industry.

Organization
This unit of the paper will be focusing on the organizational aspects of this industry
which is one of the prime specification of this industry. The workplace culture and the job
completion rates are the most vital aspects of the organizational aspects of this industry. From
the findings from the survey and other types of resources it was found the workplace culture of
this industry is very much good and professions and is perfect to join for any newcomer. The
working culture of this industry is very much efficient as all the departments of this industry
works very closely with each other. The bonding and understanding between the internal and the
external stakeholders of this industry is very much used in increasing the productivity of the
organization. The job completion rate of this business organization is the main reason why this
industry is facing a lot of credit among the rival organizations in the global oil market also.
Uniform operation procedure are the prime aspects of the efficient workplace culture of this
industry Ezigbo (2003). This industry has different types of external stakeholders associated with
them and it is very important to maintain good business relationship with them so that
professionalism ids maintained. It can be understood the business organizations which have
incorporate incorporated information technology in their working environment should be having
a good workplace culture as there are lots of difficulties associated with the implementation of
the advanced information technologies such as the compatibility issues.
Impact of BPR on employee productivity
BRP positively impacted all the aspects associated with the business organization. The
promotional activities of this industry were also impacted with the help of this industry. The
impact of the re-engineering activities is already mentioned in the above stages, independent

variables are included in the business strategies of this organization, the technologies adopted in
BPR, role in facilitation BPR, efficiency of BPR, organizational culture and working
environment. The business model followed in this industry is based on the F statistics of the
11.025.
The strong business relationship between the performance of the employees of different
oil and gas industries and the BPR is described below, the co-relational value is found to be
0.771 which us above the strong co-relation threshold 0.70, the value of R2 was found to around
0.595 of the employee productivity. Which is a type of dependent variable and can be sited back
to the re-engineering which is sort of independent variable. The regression analysis of the
findings of thisc project is stated in the below table.
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 2.209 .262 8.423 .000
People -.056 .052 -.134 -1.064 .293
Technology .021 .063 .038 .333 .741
Organization -.037 .041 -.115 -.902 .372
Strategy -.220 .050 -.586 -4.380 .000
Efficiency .078 .060 .155 1.286 .205
Working -.082 .038 -.229 -2.169 .035

environment
R .771
R2 .595
F Statistics 11.025**
a. Dependent Variable: Performance ** denotes statistical significance at 5%
Table 4: Statistical Output
(Source: Created by the author)
Impact of the Staff engineering
The data presented in the above table helps in understanding the co-efficient value for re-
engineering the information technology system during the BPR was found to be around 0.056.
This help in understanding about the high degree of co-relation between the general productivity
of the employees and the staff engineering. There are many contributing factors associated with
the impact of the staff re-engineering such as the structure of the organization, technology,
efficiency and work environment, if these are kept constant then the productivity of the
employees will be decreasing by 5.6%. As this value is lesser than that of 0.296 the impact is not
considered significant from a statistical perspective.
Impact of Technology
The coefficient value for re-engineering of the information technology during the BPR is
0.21which states about the positive co-relation between the productivity of the staff due to the

implementation of the re-engineering initiative. If all the factors are kept constant then the
technology is improved by 100% functionality, the productivity would have been increased by at
least 2.1%. The value is not very much statistically not much significant since the value as
0.741>0.05.
Impact of strategy
The strategies adopted by this industry has a coefficient value near -0.220. Thus helps in
understanding the inverse relationship between the productivity of the workers of this industry
and the changes in the business strategies. If all the other factors are kept constant, then the work
environment is re-engineered to form a stable setup, there would be a 3.7% decrease in
productivity of the workers. The value is not very much statistically significant as its value
0.372>0.05.
Impact of the business processes Re-engineering from a management
perspective
Change in work or business processes helps in yielding negative results in the first place
for this industry, but these kinds of situation changes from time to time. BPR helps in maintained
efficiently in all off the working modules in this industry. Special training is given to the staffs of
this business organization to deal with the complicated business situations, or in the areas which
needs sufficient improvement improvements. The increased level of work processes are managed
with the help of the business re-engineering so that the organizational targets are met. Work
process visibility is also a positive impact of the BPR on the oil and gas industry of Saudi
Arabia. Clear understanding of the goals and targets if each department are the other essential

impact of BPR. Work functions have improved suffiently with the help of the BPR. Better
communication is the other significant advantage of this industry which is a result of the
implementation of the BPR. The failed projects are given special preferences after BPR is
incorporated into the system as this industry do not want to face the similar difficulties even after
the implementation of BPR in their working unit. Communication channels are very much
important for the management team of this industry and the is significantly impacted with the
help of the Business Re-Engineering.
Challenges confronted in Saudi Arabia oil and gas industry reengineering
efforts
The challenges faced by the oil and gas industry of Saudi Arabia is stated in this unit of
the paper. These challenges are very much important to be minimized so that the desired results
are obtained. Hindrance or any sorts of organizational is the primary challenge faced by this
industry in Saudi Arabia. The effect of the changes is the other significant challenge associated
to this implementation of the re-engineering efforts. The following challenges are needs to be
understood by the management team of this industry so that they can find the solution for these
challenges.

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