Impact of climate changes on agriculture in Pakistan

The proposal for the final project includes: • A one-page description (~ 250 words) in paragraph form that provides information on your research topic and the major issues you intend to examine. It must also include a working thesis statement. • An annotated bibliography (following APA style) for four references relevant to your research. Each citation should be followed by a brief (~ 200 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph. The descriptive aspect of the annotation involves a succinct description of the main ideas presented in the source. The evaluative aspect of the annotation informs the reader of the quality of the source (E.g., Is the information reliable? Is it biased or does it aim to be objective? What is the goal of the source? How does it compare to other sources used?) and its relevance to the research topic (E.g., Is it a useful source? How does it contribute to your research?).

Running head: MANAGEMENT
Impact of climate changes on agriculture in Pakistan
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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MANAGEMENT
Description
This research is prepared for enhancing the awareness of the audience towards the
impact of climactic changes on agriculture in Pakistan. The focus of the assignment is on the
environmental issues, global climate change, relation between climate change and food
security among others. As a matter of specification, the focus is also on the drivers, which
leads to the climate change. This statistics is a useful piece of information in terms of
assessing the impact and its contribution towards adding to the economy. Viewing it from the
other perspective, insecurity in food increases the risks of hunger, giving rise to the instances
of malnutrition. At the base, light is shed on the basic concepts related to climate change,
food security and its relationship. As a sequential step, the governmental approach is
considered for gaining an insight into achievement of customer satisfaction. Consideration is
also proposed towards statistical representation of the responses in the surveys, which reflects
the alarming situation of food security in the threshold of Pakistan.
One of the other aspects, which would be considered is that of livestock management,
which enhances the awareness about the standards and quality of food production. From the
scholarly reviews, it can be deduced that the four pillars of measuring food security are
availability, access, utilization and stability. All of these activities is performed through the
means of annotated bibliography, which enriches the preconceived knowledge of the readers.
Based on the identified aspects, the thesis statement of the assignment is “to assess the
impact of climate change on agriculture in Pakistan”.

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Annotated bibliography
Source 1: Abid, M., Ngaruiya, G., Scheffran, J., & Zulfiqar, F. (2017). The Role of
Social Networks in Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change: Implications for
Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan. Climate, 5(4), 85. doi:10.3390/cli5040085
Description
Main ideas
This article upholds the importance of subsistence farming systems in terms of
mitigating the impacts on the people. Rural networks is mapped for bridging the gaps and
creating reports for institutional support. Use of the social network analysis is highlighted.
Increase in the pests and diseases have reduced the quality of the crop production. The
reduction measures have been detected as sowing dates, mixture of the inputs and planting
more trees. Lack of access to the financial services is a challenge towards adopting the
systems. Poor representation of the network analysis aggravates the complexities in
transmitting the weather forecasts to the respective regions.
Evaluation
1. Is the information reliable?
Yes, the statistics for the survey responses reflects the reliability of the information on
the impact of climate change on agricultural production in the threshold of Pakistan.
2. Is it biased or does it aim to be objective?
The study develops the objective of evaluating the impact of the integrated framework
for improving the network analysis towards adopting better strategies to adopt the climate
change in Pakistan.
3. What is the goal of the source?

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The source envisions to enhance the awareness of the readers about advanced and
integrated systems, which prove to be effective for the farmers of Pakistan in terms of coping
up to the climate changes.
4. How does it compare to the other sources?
The arguments of Abid et al., (2017) relates to the social network analysis in reducing
the impact of the climate changes in Pakistan on agriculture. On the contrary, Abid et al.,
(2019) focuses on the perspectives of the farmers towards climate change.
5. What is the relevance to the research topic?
This research is crucial for the research, as it consists of valuable information related
to subsistence systems and social networks, which are vital for issuing warnings about the
weather forecast, which is needed by the farmers for producing crops without any obstacles.
Source 2: Abid, M., Scheffran, J., Schneider, U. A., & Elahi, E. (2019). Farmer
perceptions of climate change, observed trends and adaptation of agriculture in
Pakistan. Environmental management, 63(1), 110-123.
Description
Main ideas
This study upholds the fact that willingness of the farmers towards adopting the
agricultural systems is dependent on awareness towards climate changes and their impact on
the agricultural events. The climactic trends are taken into consideration for mapping the
approaches towards the adoption changes. Multivariate Probit Model is used for detecting the
key drivers, which leads the production to the adoption stages. Explorative design is
implemented for exploring the measures adopted by the farmers for coping to the climate
changes.

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Evaluation
1. Is the information reliable?
The method of survey reflects the reliability of the information provided in the article.
2. Is the information biased or objective?
The objective of the study is to suggest recommendations for small landholders and
tenants to effectively reduce the negative impacts of climate change on the agricultural
production.
3. What is the goal of the source?
The source aims to produce recommendations regarding improvising on the access to the
farmers, landholders and tenants towards adapting to the climactic changes.
4. How it is comparable to the other sources?
Abid et al., (2019) upholds the perceptions of the farmers regarding the adapting to the
agricultural changes. On the other hand, Ahmed et al., (2016) is of the view that water
related impacts on climate changes and agriculture adversely affects the health of the
people in Pakistan.
5. How is it related to the research?
The consideration of the health issues is an effective element for mapping the impact of
climactic changes on agriculture in the threshold of Pakistan.

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Source 3: Ahmed, T., Scholz, M., Al-Faraj, F., & Niaz, W. (2016). Water-related
impacts of climate change on agriculture and subsequently on public health: A review
for generalists with particular reference to Pakistan. International journal of
environmental research and public health, 13(11), 1051.
Description
Main ideas
The article upholds the impact of water on the climactic conditions, which results in
floods, acting as an obstacle in agricultural production in the farms of Pakistan. Specific
mention can be made of the water borne diseases like that of cholera, hepatitis, malaria, and
dengue are increasing due to the chaotic life in the urban areas. The governmental approaches
is reflected from the establishment of the Impact Study Centres, which are effective in terms
of gaining effective solutions for coping up with the climactic changes.
Evaluation
1. Is the information reliable?
Yes, the figure representing the environmental and health effects along with the mitigation
strategies of the climactic changes make the information reliable.
2. Is the information biased or objective?
The study aims at excavating the impact of water related diseases on the agricultural
production and the health of the farmers and the others in the threshold of Pakistan.
3. How does it compare with the other articles?
This article refers to the impact of water related impacts of climactic change on agriculture
and public health. Considering to the arguments of Luqman et al., (2017), insight is gained
into the impact of climactic changes on the rural livelihood of Hazara region, Pakistan.

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4. What is the goal of the source?
The goal of the source is to disseminate the information on the impacts of water related
diseases on the climactic changes and agricultural production in the threshold of Pakistan.
5. What is the relevance to the research topic?
Water related impact of the climactic changes is also an important parameter, which relates to
the environmental effects on the population as a whole.
Source 4: Luqman, M., Shahbaz, B., Zeeshan Majeed, M., & Mohsin Raza, M. (2017).
Impact of climate change on rural livelihoods-a case of Hazara region of Pakistan. Journal of
Agricultural Research (03681157), 55(2).
Description
Main ideas
This article upholds the views of Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural
Development about the impact of climate changes on the rural livelihoods of Hazara region in
Pakistan. Heavy dependence on the natural resources is simultaneously linked to the
dependence on the climactic conditions. Agriculture being the major source of income for
these people, climactic changes and its impact is a challenge in the path of their daily
sustenance.
Evaluation
1. Is the source reliable?
The means of cross sectional survey and the responses reflects the reliability of the source.
2. What is the goal of the source?

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The source reflects the aim of the Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural development
to examine the impacts of the climactic changes on agricultural production of Hazara,
Pakistan.
3. Is the source biased or objective?
The source has been published with the objective of investigating the impact of climactic
change on agricultural production of Hazara, Pakistan.
4. How is the source related to other articles?
This source can be related with the article, The Role of Social Networks in Agricultural
Adaptation to Climate Change: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan. Social
networks are the means, which helps in mapping the impact on the regions, which helps in
achieving effective solutions like acquiring adaptive systems, which are flexible in coping up
with the climactic changes.
5. Relevance to the research topic
Studying the impact of climactic change on the rural livelihoods is vital for maintaining the
balance in the parameters of environmental, social and political. This reflects the
governmental approach towards enhancing the standards and quality of agriculture in the
threshold of Pakistan.

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References
Abid, M., Ngaruiya, G., Scheffran, J., & Zulfiqar, F. (2017). The Role of Social Networks in
Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture
in Pakistan. Climate, 5(4), 85. doi:10.3390/cli5040085
Abid, M., Scheffran, J., Schneider, U. A., & Elahi, E. (2019). Farmer perceptions of climate
change, observed trends and adaptation of agriculture in Pakistan. Environmental
management, 63(1), 110-123.
Ahmed, T., Scholz, M., Al-Faraj, F., & Niaz, W. (2016). Water-related impacts of climate
change on agriculture and subsequently on public health: A review for generalists
with particular reference to Pakistan. International journal of environmental research
and public health, 13(11), 1051.
Luqman, M., Shahbaz, B., Zeeshan Majeed, M., & Mohsin Raza, M. (2017). Impact of
climate change on rural livelihoods-a case of hazara region of Pakistan. Journal of
Agricultural Research (03681157), 55(2).