Climate Change Impacts on Urban Areas

This assignment examines the effects of climate change on cities, focusing on both environmental and social consequences. It discusses topics like rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and their influence on infrastructure, resources, and human populations. The text also highlights potential solutions and adaptation strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change in urban environments.

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Executive summary.
The aim of this report was to discuss the various predictive ways that would has impacts on cities
based on the many climatic changes that have been experience in the world. This report
described how wind, temperature, sea levels, changes in precipitation and humidity affected
Pentagon city in the USA. It was noted that a perfect positive correlation between the growth of
the city and these climate changes cannot be ignored. This report also integrated the effect of
these climatic changes to food supply, water supply and movement of refugees. Finally the report
suggested a further study on ways that climate changes would affect rural areas so as to have a
collective measure and mechanisms to solve all the negative impacts both in rural areas and the
cities.

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Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Climatic changes affecting Pentagon city........................................................................................3
Changes in precipitation...........................................................................................................3
Sea level...................................................................................................................................4
Humidity...................................................................................................................................5
Wind.........................................................................................................................................5
Temperature..............................................................................................................................6
Social impact of climate changes in the city...................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction.
The main purpose of this particular report is to assert the various ways in which climate changes
have predicted, affected and impacted a certain city in our country. The city of choice upon
which report is analyzed is Pentagon in the USA. There are many climatic aspects that have led
to certain impacts to the city of Pentagon. The climatic changes in this regard include wind,
temperature, humidity, sea levels and changes in precipitation. This report will also indicate the
social impacts associated to the above climatic changes and finally try to integrate the various
regional considerations that include water supply, food supplies and movement of refugees from
one region to another. For the purpose of the audience of this report and mo so the clarity,
climate change refers typically as a change in global and regional climatic patterns associated to
the various climatic components such as wind, humidity, temperature, altitude, seal level and
changes in the precipitation levels. Pentagon city has a consistent increase in population for the
last decade (Mathez & Smerdon 2009). The climate of Pentagon is warm and sunny. The climate
of a city or a region refers to its average weather. The average of all the world’s regional
climates may be referred as earth’s climate. Other scholars define climate change as change in
the average or typical weather of a city or region (Romm 2015). Climate changes also involves
change in earth’s overall climate. For instance, a change in earth’s typical precipitation patterns
and change in earth’s average temperature.
Therefore, this report will be a case study in the future on how to control the effects of climatic
changes on such similar cities. Therefore this report lays down a platform for solutions on
climatic changes and also offers a space on further research relating to similar cases.
Climatic changes affecting Pentagon city.
Just like other cities in the USA, there are several climate change aspects that can used in this
report. The ways in which climate change is predicted to impact upon the city will draw various
recommendations on how to save the city. These climate change aspects include wind,
temperature, humidity, Sea level and changes in precipitation.
Changes in precipitation.
For the purpose of this report, precipitation refers to condition that occur when increase in
temperature makes the air warmer thus increasing the evaporation of moisture from land to water
into the atmosphere. Therefore as moisture increase, rain and snow are expected in form of a

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precipitation. From the recent years Pentagon experienced more precipitations than before due to
climate changes that causes shifts in ocean and air currents thus changing weather patterns in the
city. Changes in precipitation has a significant impact on climate of Pentagon. Under this
section, we investigate precipitation impacts on the city based on population growth and the
trends in precipitations. These two aspects have a statistical relationship. We found out there is a
perfect positive correlation between precipitation changes and population growth in the city.
Thus, population growth in the city has a perfect positive correlation with precipitation trend
(Maslin 2014). During summer quarters when small-scale convection activities are dominant, the
positive correlation tend to rise and has been demonstrated not once but times without numbers
that correlation tend to rise significantly when city stations are excluded. Therefore, the
discussion relationship is nonlinear between precipitation and impact on the city.
The prediction on the impact of changes in precipitation on Pentagon city is that precipitation is
expected to increase due to higher latitudes. Therefore pentagon city will become wetter. In this
case, too much water can be a major problem. Although a lot of people depend on snowmelt and
rain in filling streams and lakes, provision of water for watering crops, drinking and other
utilities, it is important to note that heavy rains causes flooding that have a set of negative
impacts (Klein 2015). In summary, the major impacts of changing snow patterns and rain on
people and environment surrounding Pentagon city will be effect on agriculture, water supplies,
forests, recreation facilities, energy, plants, animals and the entire ecosystems.
Sea level.
The impact of sea level on pentagon will depend on whether it is an increase or decrease on sea
levels. However, we found out that Pentagon has experienced an increase in sea level over the
last two decades. It is important to note that primarily, sea level tend to rise due to two major
aspects related to global warming (King 2017). The two factors are one, the glaciers and wide
expansion of sea waters as it warms and two, the water added from melting ice sheets and
glaciers. For the purpose of the audience of this report, sea level can be typically defined as
increase or decrease in water volumes in the earth’s oceans that results to rise or decrease in
global mean sea level respectively. Pentagon city has an increase in sea level and this has certain
predictive impacts on the people and the environment surrounding the city (Schuetz 2016). The
predictive impact on rise in sea level on the city is that the sea level is rising and thus creates a

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problem. Due to increase in sea levels, Pentagon city is on the higher scale of risk of being
flooded and being destroyed. This is due to increase in the sea levels that makes the land to sink
(Dodds 2014). There are various isostatic rebounds that affect the city which tend to rise above
the normal sea level. This also led to erosion at concerning rates (Incropera 2015). Increase in
sea level will bring destruction of the city since it is located on east coast of the USA. This
lowers the supply of water and food to the residents of the city in the long run.
Humidity.
Geographically, humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. There is a
perfect positive correlation between humidity and pollution in the sense that, there is relative low
humidity in cities with low level of pollution and a relative high humidity in cities with high
level of pollution (Steger 2013). Pentagon as a city has a low level of pollution due to the acute
measures that have been impacted by government and the residents. When the air become
warmer, their capacity to hold moisture increases proportionately (Chang 2007). That why many
cities tend to be warmer as compared to the rural areas. The impact of humidity on the city can
be positive or negative. The important part is that the relative humidity provide a cohesive
weather condition for people to work from. However, due to increasing population in the city,
the level of humidity is expected to rise. Higher level of humidity has adverse effects on human
beings. Is actually lower the effectiveness of sweating that bring body cooling. This is brought
by reduced rate of evaporation of body moisture from the skin. This effected has been calculated
by experts in scales called humidex and heat index (Boit & Carter 2015). Finally, humidity also
affects the energy budget that in return affect temperatures. This causes the greenhouse effect.
This will limit the movement of refugees due to the assumption that increase in population
increases pollution which finally increase humidity.
Wind.
Geographically, wind can be defined as moving air. The impact of wind on cities can be
devastating especially where very strong tides of moving air are blown in huge scales. Pentagon
city has many skyscrapers that can have negative implication of strong wind. Therefore, the
knowledge of wind climate in such cities has a huge application (Bloombery & Pope 2017).
Strong winds can cause huge destruction of tall building that can cause loss of property and lives.
This strong winds causes the impairment of listening in the cities with huge population. The

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other effect wind to cities is the transmission of toxic gaseous which have been emitted. This
affect human activities in the city and may cause diseases association to air pollution in the cities
(Schuetz 2016). Pentagon city may face problem associated to disasters caused by wind. Food
and water supply may be affected as a result.
Temperature.
Temperature has major effects on cities. Extreme temperatures has effects table water surface.
This lower supply of water in the city. In the recent times temperature caused low food supply
due to drought. It is estimated that by 2050, urban surface areas are expected to expand in
Pentagon by three times (Allen 2011). There is less evaporation when the sun lowers and this
makes green roofs fail to cool. The world global temperature on earth are increasing by 0.8
degree (Schmidt 2008). Therefore the impact on the city is that, temperature will make the city to
undergo change in the global warming. However, optimum temperature changes are better in the
development of cities because many tourists visit the city during winter at their place of
residence.
Social impact of climate changes in the city.
1. Lowers the movement of refuges from one region to another so as to avoid challenges
associated to overpopulation.
2. This may lower the supply of food and water to the residents of the city.
3. Strong wind may bring the destruction of skyscrapers that may cause destruction of
property and loss of lives.
4. Extreme temperatures lowers the water table that minimize the amount of rains in the
region thus affecting the food and water supply.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, it is important for all the stakeholders to check the effects of the various climatic
changes in the cities so also to set the various mechanisms to lower the negative impacts and
embrace positive impacts. Finally, this report provide a platform for further study probably the
predictive impacts of climate changes to the rural areas.

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References.
Books
Allen, RC 2011, Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction, OUP Oxford.
Bloombery, M & Pope, C 2017, Climate of Hope: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can
Save the Planet, St. Martin Press.
Boit, A & Carter, R 2015, climate change: The Facts, Stockade Books.
Chang, H 2007, Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress, Oxford
University Press.
Dodds, K 2014, Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction 2/e, OUP Oxford.
Incropera, FP 2015, Climate Change: A Wicked Problem: Complexity and Uncertainty at the
Intersection of Science, Economics, Politics and Human Behavior, Cambridge University Press.
King, SD 2017, Grave New World: the End of Globalization, the Return of History, Yale
University Press.
Klein, N 2015, this Change Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, Penguin.
Maslin, M 2014, Climate Change: A very short introduction 3/e, OUP Oxford.
Maslin, M 2008, Global Warming: A very Short Introduction, OUP Oxford.
Mathez, E & Smerdon, J 2009, Climate Change: the Science of Global Warming and Our
Energy Future, Columbia University Press.
Romm, J 2015, Climate Change: What Every One Need to Know, Oxford University Press.
Schmidt, G 2008, Climate Change Picturing the Science, W.W.Norton & Company.
Schuetz, K 2016, Humidity, Bellwether Media.
Steger, M 2013, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction 3/e, OUP Oxford.