Impact of Greenhouse Gases, Petroleum, Ocean Energy and Cryosphere on Climate Change

Running head: ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
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Author Note

1ENVIRONMENT
Part A
1. Greenhouse gases can be explained as a group of compounds that can trap longwave of
radiations or heat within the atmosphere. Greenhouse effect is caused due to the effects of
these gases. Global warming is the ultimate cause of greenhouse gases when it enhances
the greenhouse effect that would therefore lead to climate change. By high increase of
carbon dioxide is one of the most important reasons for climate change. This abnormal
change in the climate is occurs when people destroy fossil fuels or burn down large
forests. Radioactive forcing is also linked to carbon dioxide as sunlight is actually
absorbed by the Earth and ultimately radiated back to space (Guo & Vanrolleghem,
2014). This ultimately leads to increase or decrease in temperature in massive levels.
2. Petroleum is considered to be one of the key materials for the daily consumption for
industrial purpose. Methods of implanting reservoirs in oilfields has been undertaken to
keep the entire process contained so that it does not affect the environment. If a person
looks into the relationship between carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and petroleum. It can be
found that the organic molasses increases the microbial growth which in turn effects the
climate change. These biochemical reservoirs maintain the secretion of these organic
substances and thus keep a balance in between the raw materials and the overall changes
in the environment.
3. a. Ocean energy is one of the most important contributions to electricity. In most
European countries, ocean makes a small contribution for generating electricity however
in island-based land such as Australia and Singapore is a major receiver of such energy.

2ENVIRONMENT
Tidal energy generated by tidal waves produce kinetic and potential energy. This in turn
also causes change in climate.
b. Cryosphere is the solid water form that is found on the Earth this mainly indicates the
areas near the Arctic. This play a major role when it is related to the climate as it is
mainly ice. Due to the high albedo or solar radiation of ice, the various components
reflects radiation and there helps in regulating the temperature by balancing the energy
budget (Tang, Zhang, & Francis, 2014).
c. Pedosphere is the outer layer of the earth that is mainly consisted of soil. This layer of
the Earth is responsible for respiration photosynthesis and precipitation evaporation. With
energy exchange between the atmosphere and the pedosphere it does a major change in
the process of leaching and soil formation.
Part B
4. Arctic or polar amplification is the cause when any change occurs in the net radiation
balance like the high increase of greenhouse gas. This process makes an abnormal change
in the temperature near the two poles. The feedback associated or related to sea ice and
snow is the main reason for terrestrial arctic amplification.
5. a. Permafrost soils are those that are located at freezing point for more than two years of
time. It mainly indicated the rocks located at high altitude. As these soils are there in this
low temperature since they were formed, a rise in temperature would start thawing of
these soils.