The Assignment on Impact of Jet Introduction

Impact of jet
Introduction
The impact of a jet is conducted to study the behavior of thermo -fluids. This will be done
through a comparison of force derived through the mathematical theory of mass continuity with
the force obtained by static equilibrium conditions. Thus, experimental force value will be
compared with theoretically calculated force.
Objective
To compare the force derived from the principle of fluid mass continuity with a balancing force
derived from the principle of static equilibrium.
Theoretical Background
A jet of water flows under the influence of steady force. The jet's velocity reduces after it passes
through the nozzle, such that it flows along a surface in which it hits. The impact force created
by a fluid hitting a flat surface or plate is given by F=mC, where F= impact force, m= fluid mass
flow rate, C=fluid velocity after hitting the plate (TecQuipment, 2019). If the fluid exits from a
nozzle positioned below the plate, the equation is given by C=√c20-2gh where c=fluid velocity
after it has hit the plate, c0=fluid velocity after exiting the nozzle, g= gravitational acceleration
constant, and h=height difference between the plate and nozzle. In ideal conditions, there is no
friction and loss inflow (Sauty, 2019). According to Newton's 2nd law of motion and mass
continuity, the following equations can be derived.
Mass flow rate, m=pAc where -=density, A= area, and c=velocity of fluid when it leaves the
nozzle.

Final velocity, v=√(c2-2gh) where c=initial fluid velocity, g=9.81m/sec2 and =0.035m.Force
from mass continuity =mass flow rate x final velocity: F=mv
In order to satisfy the condition of static equilibrium, the force on the other end F=4gx where
g=9.81m/s2 and x= distance on measuring scale (TecQuipment,2019)
Procedure
The test plate was connected to the weigh beam assembly with a jockey weight and
nozzle adjusted to face the plate surface. A drain tube was connected to the base of the cylinder
to direct water back to the hydraulic bench. The apparatus was leveled and the weigh beam
assembly set to zero. Water was pumped into the cylinder and steady flow was obtained. The
flow from the hydraulic bench was set to a maximum, and jet force measured and recorded. The
flow rate was adjusted in several increments, with a recording of jet force on the plate being
done. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results
As the mass is increased, time readings were recorded. Hence flow rate ( Q) was calculated using
the formula: Q= Volume
Time
Results and Discussions
Table 1. Impact of Jet Results
T sec Mass on water
counter
balance(kg)
Time(min) Distance
Offset(m)
Water Mass in
Container(kg)
Mass flow rate(Kg/s)
82 6 1:22 0.01 18 18/82=0.2195 KgS-1
68 6 1:08 0.02 18 18/68=0.2640 KgS-1
58 6 0:58 0.03 18 18/58=0.3103 KgS-1

52 6 0:52 0.04 18 18/52=0.3461 KgS-1
48 6 0:48 0.05 18 18/48=0.375 KgS-1
44 6 0:44 0.06 18 18/44=0.4091 KgS-1
41 6 0:41 0.07 18 18/41=0.4390 KgS-1
65 8 1:05 0.05 24 24/65=0.3608 KgS-1
59 8 0:59 0.05 24 24/59=0.4068 KgS-1
120 8 2:00 0.01 24 24/120=0.2 KgS-1
97 8 1:37 0.02 24 24/97=0.2474 KgS-1
82 8 1:37 0.03 24 24/82=0.2927 KgS-1
Calculations
Mas
s
(Kg)
Distan
ce
(m)
Time
(s)
Force=mass flow
rate x velocity
Mass
(Kg)
0.21 0.01 82 0.2195x0.00122=
0.00026
18.00
0.26 0.02 68 0.2640 x0.00294=
0.00076
18.00
0.31 0.03 58 0.3103x0.00517=
0.00160
18.00
0.35 0.04 52 0.3461x0.00769=
0.00269
18.00
0.38 0.05 48 0.0104x0.375= 18.00