Impact of Ongoing Pandemic on Automobile Manufacturing Sector in India: A Study on Jaguar

This study analyzes the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the automobile manufacturing sector in India, with a focus on Jaguar. It examines the challenges faced by the industry and provides recommendations to combat them. The study also determines the position of the automobile manufacturing sector in India and its impact on the country's economy.

Impact of ongoing pandemic on auto-
mobile manufacturing sector in India. A
study on Jaguar
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Acknowledgement
I would like to thank University who offer me a chance to perform research on this topic.
I would show my gratitude to my teachers who always help me to solve my query and assist me to meet the defined aim.
I would like to thank my parents who support me financially to meet the aim and assist me to enhance my knowledge.
Last but not the least, I would thank my friends who always help me to solve the issue.
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Abstract
Pandemic situation could affect to the whole business environment. Many industries got influenced out of the pandemic and
covid 19 situations. Auto mobile sector is one of such sector that got affected significantly inn India as a result of Covid 19 pandemic.
The industry is growing rapid in India. Covid pandemic directly affected to the manufacture related practices occurred in the auto
mobile sector in India. Resources were not properly available like human resources, finances, supplies and many other components
that could completely influence to the manufacturing practices entertained in India related to the auto mobile industry. Quantitative
research methodology has applied along with both methods of data collection such as primary as well secondary method to collect the
data and information is applied in this particular study area. Through primary source, it has been analysed that majority of the
employees are agreed that Jaguar is affected negatively with the pandemic and also due to change in the customer’s mindset the sales
of company has affected negatively. Moreover, pandemic has affected the company in negative manner in term of decrease in the
supply chain, change in the customer’s mindset etc. Therefore, by following the recommendation provided, Jaguar can also combat
from the challenges and raise the performance.
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................................................................2
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................7
Background..............................................................................................................................................................................................7
Aim and Objectives.................................................................................................................................................................................7
Deliverables.............................................................................................................................................................................................8
Rationale..................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Scope of the study....................................................................................................................................................................................9
Significance...........................................................................................................................................................................................10
Structure of dissertation.........................................................................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................................................12
Theme 1: To determine the position of the automobile manufacturing in India and its impact on the country’s economy.................12
Theme 2: Impact of ongoing pandemic situation on the company Jaguar and automobile sector in India...........................................15
Theme 3: Identification of different challenges pandemic could create for the auto-mobile manufacturer in India............................17
Summary................................................................................................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY...................................................................................20
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................20
Research Type.......................................................................................................................................................................................20
Research Approach................................................................................................................................................................................21
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Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................................................................................21
Data Collection......................................................................................................................................................................................22
Sampling................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................................................................................23
Ethical Consideration.............................................................................................................................................................................24
Reliability and Validity..........................................................................................................................................................................24
Research Limitation...............................................................................................................................................................................25
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................60
Summary................................................................................................................................................................................................60
Recommendations..................................................................................................................................................................................61
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................................................64
APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................................................................68
Questionnaire.........................................................................................................................................................................................68
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Title: Impact of ongoing pandemic on auto-mobile manufacturing sector in India. A study on Jaguar.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
Automobile industry is one of the important sectors of the economy of India. In India, automobile industry contributes around
6.4% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 35% to the manufacturing GDP. Not only that, the auto-mobile sector in India
provides or supports around 8 million jobs directly and 30 million of support in the value chain. During pandemic this Industry was
badly affected. The industry suffered a loss of 2300 crores loss daily. Most the manufactures cut down the products 18 to 20
percentages due to low sales and demand (Haneesh. and Venkeswar, 2021).
Jaguar is a multinational manufacturer started as a British company and now it is owned by Tata Motors which is an India
Company (Jaguar; 2022). Company Jaguar also suffered great loss due the impact of covid. Due to that company has enhanced the
online sales. The company had a significant presents in online sales already but they included online services on its website (Aneri.
2020). Similarly, the current study will shed a light upon the impact of ongoing pandemic on auto-mobile manufacturing in Indian
market. Further, with the help of thematic data analysis, scholar is also evaluate the research questions by using different sources and
views of selected participants.
Aim and Objectives
Aim
 To analysis the Impact of ongoing pandemic on auto-mobile manufacturing sector in India. A study on Jaguar.
Objectives:
 To determine the position of the automobile manufacturing in India and its impact on the country’s economy
 To present the various impacts ongoing pandemic situation could create on the auto mobile manufacturing industry and the
company Jaguar in India.
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 To identify different challenges pandemic could create for the manufacturers in auto-mobile industry in India.
 To analyse the changes they introduced to overcome the challenges and to present various recommendations for addressing
different challenges related to manufacturing company Jaguar in India.
Research Questions:
Q1: What is the position of automobile manufacturing in India and its impact on country’s economy?
Q2: What are the various impacts ongoing pandemic situation could create on the auto mobile manufacturing company jaguar in
India?
Q3: What are the different challenges related to pandemic could create on Jaguar in India?
Q4: Please recommend the ways through which the challenges related to manufacturing company Jaguar in India can be minimised.
Deliverables
The final deliverable of the current research is to provide strategic recommendations to Jaguar on ways that they may be able to
lower the impact from the pandemic and prepare themselves for the post pandemic period. This will be presented under chapter 5 in
recommendation section that help companies to meet the defined aim.
Rationale
Covid 19 pandemic found as once in a while kind of situation that could influence to the entire human history. Millions of people got
influence across the world from this virus which could further damage to the economic situation of many countries. This study is
discussing particular about the auto mobile manufacturing company Jaguar and impacts industry could face due to the current
pandemic situation. This study will consider all the aspects and factors belong to the auto mobile industry that involved the
implications of different side effects of the pandemic. Manufacturing of automobile could affect significantly due to the pandemic
situation. Auto mobile industry is one of the most significant sector at a global level (Nayak and et.al., 2022). The industry is rapidly
growing across the globe along with India. Per capita income of people in India has also increased which could further motivate to the
scholar to deliver and conduct this particular study. Reason behind doing this study is that India as an economy has the potential to
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lead the whole world and Jaguar is one of the biggest manufacturing company in India. Further the demand of the auto mobile in India
is massive. Companies from across the globe like Tesla, Ferrari and many more are looking forward to expanding businesses in India.
The rising trend of the auto mobile industry made the scholar interest towards conducting the whole study in this particular area.
During the period of Covid-19 situation, the government of India has imposed lock-down all over the nation. The impact of which all
the business including automobile got shut down for temporary which has further result into the shutting down of production. Also,
the ongoing pandemic and Covid-19 has result into the disruption of entire value chain of the auto mobile industry in India. Due to
lock-down, the import and export of cars accessories has also affected and result into the lack of raw material. Further, due to
pandemic situation, the consumer demand of passenger vehicles in India has drastically reduced which has contributed towards the
loss of revenue and liquidity crises in the auto-mobile sector. Hence, to further analyse the impact of pandemic over auto-mobile
industry, the scholar has selected India country because automobile sector of India country has largely affected due to pandemic.
Scope of the study
The scope of the study explains the extent to which the research area will be explored or consider within the study. The scholar
has selected narrow scope in the present study, where the impact of pandemic on automobile sector has been selected. Further, the
impact was major in Indian automobile industry and especially Jaguar organization thus scholar has decided to research on that area
only. It is because the narrow scope of the study is easiest approach for the purpose of data collection especially primary data
collection. Further, this is also significant for focusing on adverse effects and reach a meaningful conclusion on the issues or problems
that are covered in the study. Hence, in order to reach at a meaningful conclusion and provide appropriate recommendation on impact
of pandemic on automobile sector in India, its challenges and how to deal with it, the scholar has focus on narrow scope.
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Significance
This particular study will attract to all the key researcher who are looking forward to conducting the study on same or similar
topic or study area. This study would wisely attract to the decision maker belong to the auto mobile industry as a whole. Investors who
are looking forward to making an investment in the auto mobile sector will also get benefit with the outcome provided in this
particular study (Rakshit and Paul, 2020). Government is one of the core decision maker and this study will also influence to the
designated and officials in central government for taking out various decisions to boost the growth and development of the auto
mobile industry as a whole. Students who wish to have a prosperous career in auto mobile industry will also get benefit as a part of
this particular study area. It can state that this study will provide a significant advantage to many scholars and stakeholders belong to
the respective industry.
The present study has focused on the automobile industry in India because According to the Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers, the automobile sectors has register negative growth in their sales of Vehicle category during the period of Covid-19
situation, i.e., in the financial year 2021. Thus, the research on this particular topic, helps the users and people directly or indirectly
linked with auto-mobile sector of India to understand the challenges the sector is facing and how they can deal with the same. In India,
automobile industry contributes around 6.4% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 35% to the manufacturing GDP. Not
only that, the auto-mobile sector in India provides or supports around 8 million jobs directly and 30 million of support in the value
chain. Thus, it is significant to understand the auto-mobile sector in India and how they are affected during pandemic situation.
Further, the present study is also crucial for the users and stakeholders to understand the market attractiveness of India auto-mobile
sector for the foreign company to come and work in India.
Structure of dissertation
 Chapter 1 of the dissertation will provide the aim and objectives of the research on which the entire study is based. This also
provide reason for conducting research on this particular topic.
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 Chapter 2 of the dissertation provide analysis of secondary sources that help to develop in-depth understand pertaining to
automobile industry of India. The sources used for the present study include books, scholar article and newspaper article.
 Chapter 3 of the dissertation provide methods used for performing the research in an authentic manner. This include research
approach, data collection method, analysis and ethical consideration.
 Chapter 4 is entirely based upon primary research and with the help of effective themes and graphs, scholar is able to present
the findings in an effective manner.
 Chapter 5, is the last chapter that provide summary of the research which also include recommendations that helps to provide
ways to minimise the challenges faced by automobile industry.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The current chapter provides an overview of automobile manufacturing in India and it will help to determine the actual sales
performance of vehicles at the time of pandemic. Moreover, with the help of relevant books, scholarly article, newspaper article and
online website the current study will ascertain the impact of ongoing situation on a company Jaguar as well as automobile sector in
India.
Theme 1: To determine the position of the automobile manufacturing in India and its impact on the country’s economy
According to Kapparashetty (2020) automobile industry in India is ranked under fourth largest in world in accordance with the
2021 statistics. However, in next year, the ranking will be increased because companies are focusing upon different criteria in order to
improve the performance. The rationale for this is such that tires and batteries manufacturing in India which is globally flourished.
Also, in 2020, the ranking of automobile industry is 5th in a world surpassing Germany. In Financial year 2021, it has been analysed
that the annual sales of vehicle is 22.65 million and around 13 million were produced between the month of April and October 2021.
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Figure 1: The future of mobility in India’s passenger-vehicle market. 2018
In accordance with the above graph, it has been identified that the country’s sales has increased by 5.8% to 18.49 million
which cause a direct impact over the economy of the India. Although the sales of country is decreased in 2020 because of Covid and
strict lockdown imposed that effect the business performance but in 2021 the industry back in the competition and occupy 4th position
in the world (The future of mobility in India’s passenger-vehicle market, 2018).
Apart form this, in January 2022, the total production of passenger vehicle reached to 18 lac and this is considered one of the
highly production in India. The increasing sales of the indiustry clearly reflected that demand of the people will be high in the
upcoming year and that is why, according to NITI Aayog and Rocky Mountain Institute, India’s EV finance industry is likely to reach
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Rs. 3.7 Lac crore by 2030 (Automobile Industry in India, 2022). This in turn shows that the country have strong performance and even
due to covid-19, companies like Tata, Jaguar are not affected highly but keep producing different units that help to meet the demand of
a customers. Kaur (2020) critically argued that industry performance is not only affected by sales and production unit, but to keep up
with the growing demand, different auto makers has also started investing heavily in a segment from last many years. That is why,
companies in India keep investing upon the partnerment like in February 2022, Tata Power and Apollo Tyres Ltd announced a
startegic partnership for 150 public charging station in India. This in turn reflected that companies operating in this industry keep
making efforts in order to meet the demand of customers and improve their life as well. Moreover, there are many companies whose
manufacturing plant is in India like, Jaguar is in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, India which is foreign owned brand.
Koshle, Kaur and Basista (2020) explained that the future of automobile industry is wide because the industry is run in a
positive pace and this in turn help to improve the performance of the indstry in an effective manner. Government keep making
different initiatives in order to expand the sales such that to meet the aim, it contribute more than 60 million additional direct and
indirect jobs that helps to increase the competition and reduce the emission. The statistics shows that automobile contribute to 7.5% of
the India GDP and enormous 49% of the manufacturing GDP with a large economic impact (Auto slump to hit investors, Indian
economy; Here’s what government needs to do, 2019). Hence offering huge employment to the young people and enhance the supply
chain will assist the companies to improve the brand image and generate a brand image at the global level in a market. In the first
quarter of 2020, automobile sales faces a sharpest decline by 10.5% in last 5 years and this is due to pandemic, shortfall in the
economy , liquidity squeeze. In 2019, the auto production growth was 16.6% which is decline by 10.5% in 2020. However, there is
slow growth identified within next year and as Tata owned Jaguar and that is why, the sales of a company is ranked as second after
Maruti. At the time of pandemic, the employees also loss their jobs and due to cope up within a such situation, there is a need to take
such strict action that helps to improve the business performance. Thus, it reflect that the companies operating in automobile industry
have a direct impact over the country economy and that is why, companies are keep focusing to improve the sales in order to get back
in the competition.
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In this difficult time, it has been identified that it increases the cost and thereby increase the price of vehicle. Thus, it laos got a
support from the government that helps to reduce the GST rate in order to make the vehcile more affordable. Thus, it can be stated that
with the help of changes in tax rate, there will be increase in the growth of economy so that effective outcome can be generated and
causes positive impact over ranking of a firm. In accordance with the 2017, aligning with the global wave, the government accounced
that india will go 100% EV at the end of 2030 and this sending shivers within an auto industry. That is why, it can be stated that there
is a direct impact identified within a economy of a country like within increasing sale, company can improve the performance and this
assist to raise the sales of company in an effective manner.
Theme 2: Impact of ongoing pandemic situation on the company Jaguar and automobile sector in India
In accordance with the Muhammad, Kerbache and Elomri (2022) there is a negative impact identified due to lockdown effect
and it has been reflected that industry suffered Rs. 2300 crore loss daily due to lockdown. In addition to this, there is an estimated job
loss determined and company faces a strong downturn that causes negative impact over the business (Lockdown Effect: Indian
automotive industry suffered Rs 2,300 crore loss daily, 2020). As a result, the Indian committee was informed by an auto industry
association in which companies cut down 18 to 20% demand in the business and as a result, employment scenario in an industry has
been affected due to loss of jobs. As a result, hiring of manpower has been stopped in this sector because around 286 auto dealers have
been closed. Therefore, Jain and et.al., (2022) also shared their views and stated that pandemic induced lockdown result in shutting
down the production and it further lead to disruption of an entire value chain in the major companies lead in India. However,
government plays an important role in this area because they concern for their employees and that is why, it keep providing new
guideline for their employees so that they can easily perform their job roles.
In India, the impact of automobile industry is performed in different sectors which include auto deal where there are presently
15000 auto dealers in which 1, 2, 3 and more are involved. As a result, due to strict lockdown, they were not able to transport vehicle
for a lockdown period and that is why, there is negative impact identified over the business. This in turn reflected that there is a need
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to make action in order to combat from the negative situation otherwise, it will lead to cause negative impact over GDP of a country as
well. In addition to this, Nayak and et.al., (2022) reflected in their study that pandemic washes out 6 year of growth in auto sales
because it lower down the sales and there is 12.8% market decline identified due to virus within a single year (Covid-19 pandemic
washes out 6 years of growth in auto sales: SIAM data, 2021). As a result financial year 2021 was one of the worst year for an
industry in order to sales forecasting. This shows that there is a need to make efforts in the growth of the company that helps to
increase the sales and divert the customer buying pattern within an industry. Therefore, in the year 2021, it has been analysed that
there was a decline in term of sales unit of cars which include 514000 units from 522000 units in a year. Thus, this slower decline in
this industry lead to cause negative impact over the business performance and it took enough time to recover the same.
At the time of pandemic, it has been identified that Jaguar has created a positive impact over the business performance even at
the time of crisis. Such that being a part of Tata Motors, company enhanced as well as updated the purchase and service portals by
offering an additional benefits of a contactless and safe environment. This in turn reflected that there is company opt the situation in
the form of opportunity that helps to create a better outcome and raise the performance. On the other side, Meena and Dhir (2020) it
has been critically evaluated that there is 42% decline in the sales of Jaguar which in turn shows that somehow company’s sales has
also affected. The drop in retail sales comes due to economic crisis. In addition to this, due to strict lockdown and social distancing
measures for a pandemic, most of the retailers shut down their business and this causes negative impact (Jaguar Land Rover Q1FY
2021 retail decline 42% on Covid impact, 2021). Therefore, it can be stated that due to change in sales rate of a company, Jaguar has
affected negatively and that is why, there is a need to make action so that it do not cause any negative impact in near future.
Further, the production cost is cut due to slump in demand negatively impact upon employment growth and it has been
estimated that there is 3.45 lac jobs loss in the pandemic time and the largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki also cut temporary workforce by
6% whereas the sector contributes to 7% in the India’s GDP (COVID-19: How the Indian auto sector got impacted, 2021). Kaitwade
(2021) explained in their study that going forward, the sector is also supported by different government policies in which the raw
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material cost is reduced and this helps to lower down the tax rate of the company so that effective outcome can be generated. This help
to grow the business again within upcoming years.
As stated by Kaur (2020) the automobile sector or industry is the most important drivers of economic growth of India and also
have high participation in the global value chain. The auto-mobile or cars manufacture in the India basically produce cars to meet the
demand of both lower as well as middle income-group of individual beside rich category people. This is one of the factor which make
automobile sector of India country stand out and unique as compared to other automobile producing countries. Also, in the case of
Jaguar, by startng online dealing at the time of Covfid-19 also help to create a better outcome and improve the performance of the
company in negative manner (COVID-19 Lockdown Impact: Jaguar Land Rover India enhances online sales, service network, 2020).
That is why, it can be stated that there is a direct impact of pandemic over the sales of jaguar as well as other companies so that they
can make effective outcome and improve the performance as well. By identify such challenges, it has been identified Jaguar in
financial year 2021 will definitely be rolled back from GBP 4 billion to GBP 2.5 billion because new cost saing plans has been
implemented whose aim is to improve the business performance and create a better outcome for the customers ( Jaguar Land Rover
Q1FY 2021 retail decline 42% on Covid impact, 2021).
Theme 3: Identification of different challenges pandemic could create for the auto-mobile manufacturer in India
It has been analysed that Covid-19 create a negative impact over the economies of the country and that is why, there are many
obstacles created in auto-mobile industry that affected the entire business in negative manner. Such that when the pandemic was its
peak in 2020, the automotive sector is in its worst place and this sector is already faced problem related to environmental issue related
to emission and changing consumer requirements. But there are more issues faced by the companies in which Manufacturing
shutdown is consider one of the biggest issue faced by manufacturers. Singh, Venkataramani and Ambarkhane (2021) explained in the
study that the virus outbreak presented a strong question related to normal production that resume. As a result, in April 2020, vehicles
sales in Europe fell by 84% and as a result, there is a strict manufacturing shutdown that lead to create challenge in the excess
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production and resources shortage. Though Tata Motors already have skilled employee but due to strict lockdown, owner does not fire
any employee and this shows that company have a strong ability to make the presence at the global market. It also led to massive
financial losses that directly lead to GDP and in the upcoming years, may be the sales of the company will increase. Experts also
reflected that manufacturing shutdown continue to remain one of the critical challenge and this shows that government now have to
ease emission laws where customer will adopt vehicles.
PB, THUNGA and RAJU (2021) investigated in the study that massive layoffs are another challenge that is considered another
major issue that affect the Indian automotive industry. Such that pandemic spread in almost all the countries and that is why,
government strictly imposed ban on the movement of people and that is why, labour shortage increases. Despite closing shop,
automotive companies also encourage its workforce to apply for an unemployment benefits so that they get a source for a job. This in
turn shows that the companies face a major shock due to pandemic and with the passage years, companies also develop range of
technique in order to increase their financial performance. This in turn assist to make the workforce improve and raise the
performance of a company in positive manner. Kaitwade (2021) argued that disrupted supply chain is considered another challenge
which an automotive industry faces because the onset of pandemic brought about an immediate stop in the current production and
supply chain within a negative manner. It is not only affected the Indian sector but entire country’s sector has been affected due to
pandemic. In this, company did not identify the ways through which it cars will be sold because the consumer behaviour is also
changes. That is why, pandemic clearly brought forth the brittleness of an existing supply chain analytics that highlights the resilience
and transparency through digitization and different agile practices in order to stay ahead in the automotive companies.
On the other side, Mahajan and Tathawade (2021) presented their views that Liquidity is another challenge that causes
negative impact over the business performance because the performance of the country is declining year by year due to which
companies sales decreases and lack of funds within a company also lead to negative result in small automotive companies. In this
situation, industry need to continue within a reign and automakers need to secure government support measure in order to secure the
liquid assistance. However, there are many measures established within a business that help to improve the performance and this in
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turn create a better outcome in order to create a better outcome. In addition to this, changing customer behaviour is also consider
another major challenge that helps to cause negative impact over the performance of industry. Ojha, Mathew and Venkatesh (2021)
supported in the study that collapse of an economy and rise in prices may lead to change in buying pattern of consumer and in this
critical time, purchasing cars is not the only option for customers. Such that scarce finance and uncertainly about future led to
consumer backing out of making vehicle purchase and this in turn lead to consider a major challenge for an automotive industry. This
is all because of lack of company’s performance and fluctuation in GDP, customers keep falling their interest and that in turn affect
the business performance in negative manner. In the context of Jaguar, due to economic crisis the sales of a company decreases and it
affect the business performance in negative manner. However, in the case of other companies most of them fire their employees that
affect the performance.
Overall, it can be stated that the industry faces major challenges due to pandemic and a fall in number of customer’s preference most
of the businesses shut down and fire their employees.
Summary
By summing up above study it has been concluded that Pandemic cause negative impact over the business performance because
the overall automobile industry has majorly hit due to Covid-19 in term of sales, customer behaviour, economic factor etc. The market
performance of automobile industry is high because companies keep providing different ideas to the customers that encourages them
in order to improve the business sales and satisfy the need as well. Also, Jaguar is keep trying to implement new strategy which in turn
causes positive impact over the business performance and increase the ranking of industry in the world. Further, it has been concluded
that there is only negative impact identified over the business performance because a strict lockdown in the country lead to cause
adverse impact over the business performance and lower down supply rate. Also, it has been concluded that there are many issues
faced by the company in which changing customer perception, decline in supply chain, manufacturing shutdown, massive layoffs are
considered some of the major change that affect the business performance.
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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research methodology is one of the significant section or chapter of dissertation which has been covered the method that is used
by scholar in order to conduct and complete the research in an appropriate and successful manner. This section will allow the reader to
understand and critically evaluate the overall reliability as well as validity of the current study. This section will state the method,
approach, philosophy data collection, analysis etc. method has been used by scholar to achieve the aim and objectives. The research
methodology will be done using the structure provided under Saunders Onion. The Saunders Research Onion illustrate the stages that
is involved in the research work development which have to be follow by scholar. This onion layer provides the details description of
the stages that involved in a research process.
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Research Type
Research is known as creative and systematic work that is undertaken by the scholar on a specific topic with the motive of
achieving the aim and objectives of research or study. In the research paper, there are three type of research such as qualitative,
quantitative and mixed. Qualitative research means the collection and analysis of non-numerical data in order to understand the
research topic data and opinions. On the other hand, quantitative research is a process of collection and analysis of numerical data. It is
one of the best research type as it generalizes the results to wider population. The mixed research incudes both qualitative as well as
quantitative in research study. In the present study, only quantitative research methodology has been opted and used by the scholar in
order to analyse the impact of ongoing pandemic on auto-manufacturing company in India such as Jaguar.
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Further, the chosen methodology helps the scholar to attain the deep and wide knowledge on the pandemic challenges faced by
Jaguar company of India and changes they have introduced in order to overcome the same (Snyder, 2019). With the help of greater
understanding, the scholar ultimately achieved the aim and objectives of the present study. The quantitative research provides the
greater understanding of pandemic impact with the including of numeric data as well.
Research Approach
Research approach state the plans and procedure used by the scholar in order complete the dissertation in successful manner.
There are two type of research approach which include inductive and deductive approach. The inductive approach is selected at the
time when researcher conduct qualitative research. While on the other hand, the deductive approach is selected by scholar in the case
of quantitative research methodology. The inductive approach is known as theory generation or building approach where scholar first
form the aim and objectives and then work in that direction. On the other side, the deductive approach is known as theory verification
or falsification.
In this approach, the scholar need to form the hypothesis and then conduct the research in order to verify whether the formed
hypothesis is correct or not. In the present study, the scholar has been selected deductive approach because it perfectly fits with the
quantitative research methodology. With the help of this approach, the scholar achieves the research aim and objective (Pandey and
Pandey, 2021). For this, they set the hypothesis and verify whether it is correct or not. This approach helps the researcher to analyse
the impact of ongoing pandemic over Jaguar.
Research Philosophy
A research philosophy is the beliefs about the ways has been used in order to collect the data on the research topic. The two
types of research philosophy include interpretivism philosophy and positivism philosophy. In the case of qualitative research,
interpretivism philosophy need to be chosen by scholar while in case of quantitative research, the positivism approach need to be
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chosen by research. In interpretivism philosophy, the researcher performs a specific role in order to observe the social world. This is
focus on people experiences and opinions and interpret the result in same manner. While on the other side, the positivism philosophy
generally focuses on scientific testing of hypothesis, facts, findings logical proof. In order to gathered the effective outcome of the
present case study, the scholar has been selected positivism research philosophy because they have conducted quantitative research.
With the help of this philosophy, the researcher has used the factual knowledge on ongoing pandemic impact on Jaguar
company in India through observation. This has helped the scholar to complete the whole study or research in such manner that the
ultimate aim and objectives of the research has been easily achieved. Further, the positivism over interpretivism philosophy assist
investigators to conclude better results (Cr, 2020).
Data Collection
Data collection is one of the most significant section of research methodology chapter which state the sources from where the
scholar has gathered and collected the data. There are two source of data collection such as primary as well as secondary source. This
process helps in achieving the better outcome via collecting the relevant sources. Under primary method, the scholar collects the data
from people or individuals in order to derive better outcome and reach a final conclusion. The various sources available through which
scholar can collect primary data is survey, observation and field observation. While on the other hand, under secondary method, the
data has been collected by scholar is previous data. The various sources available for collection secondary data is books, journals,
articles, websites etc.
In the present research study, the scholar has been selected both primary and secondary method to collect the useful and
relevant information regarding impact of ongoing pandemic over auto-mobile sector and Jaguar company in India. Under primary
method, the survey method has been selected via mean of questionnaire in order to gain the fresh information on the present research
topic (Nayak and Singh, 2021). Along with this, the scholar has been also collected secondary data on pandemic impact on Jaguar
company using the books, journals, websites, articles, Jaguar company websites etc.
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Sampling
Sampling is a process of selecting the subset or sample out of total or 100% population in the particular research study. There
are two type of sampling method available to research which includes probabilistic and non-probabilistic. The probabilistic sampling
includes simple random, cluster, strata, systematic etc. While on the other hand, non-probabilistic sampling includes convenience,
purposive, snow ball etc. in order to select the sample from the population. In the present study, the scholar has been selected simple
random sampling method in order to select the sample out of the various employees of Jaguar. With the use of this method, the
scholar has selected 30 employee of Jaguar for the purpose of survey via mean of questionnaire. This helps the researcher to conduct
the study in the best manner possible with the inclusion of human participants in the current study. The simple random sampling is
one of the best method of sampling as it avoids the biasness and equally consider the whole population for the sample selection. This
is best process to selecting the pre-determined number of observation out of total population. The reason behind use of simple random
sampling by the scholar is its benefits of simplicity and lack of bias (Bairagi and Munot, 2019).
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of cleansing, changing, processing data collected and convert the same into useful information so
that the ultimate aim and objective of study get achieved. There are two types of data analysis method which involve thematic
perception test technique and SPSS. Under thematic analysis, the scholar will develop themes referring responses collected through
survey with the proper incorporation of graphs, charts etc. Also, the finding is supported with literature review in order to enhance the
reliability of the findings. While on the other hand, under SPSS, the result is gathered via applying different test and tools. In the
present research, the scholar has been selected SPSS software in order to analyse the data collected through survey (Basias and
Pollalis, 2018). The use of SPSS software for the data analysis helps the scholar to generate tabulated reports, charts and plots
23

distribution and trends along with the descriptive statistics and conduct complex statistical analysis. With the help of this software, the
research has reach to the final concluding and achieve aim and objectives of research.
Ethical Consideration
This is another most crucial section of the research methodology which state whether scholar has follow ethics or not in order to
conduct and complete the whole research study. In order to conduct the whole research in ethical manner, the scholar has been first
take permission from the respondent or 30 employees of Jaguar company. This is done in order to ensure that respondent is not
pressurise by the research to respond on the questions cover in questionnaire. Further, in the present study, the scholar has provided
the consent form which state or present the willingness of the participants. The secondary data has been collected by the scholar from
authorised books, journal, articles and company website and store the same in electronic mode with the proper and strong password.
This helps the scholar to protect the data from the hackers.
The data store by the researcher in electronic mode includes personal details of respondent, company confidential information as
well as responses of participants. In addition, the inclusion of proper references and its citation is another ethical step adopted by
scholar in order to complete the study in ethical manner (Ragab and Arisha, 2018). It includes giving credit to other scholar, data is
properly paraphrased rather than just coping it from internet or other sources.
Reliability and Validity
The reliability and validity plays crucial role in the research as with the help of this the scholar able to determine the best
sources for their study in order to gain effective outcome. In the present study, the scholar has been used the latest data sources
published after 2017 with the motive to enhance the overall reliability and validity of the information. This source has help the
researcher to gain the greater knowledge on ongoing pandemic impact on auto-mobile sector as well as Jaguar company in India.
24

Further, the scholar has been also used the article which is further assess using the keywords (Melnikovas, 2018). The data set
gathered by researcher through survey has not been altered by them in order to keep the data and information realistic and accurate.
With the help of effective sources, the scholar is able to present the finding and answer the question in an appropriate manner in
order to answer the question in effective manner. In addition, the scholar in the present research study has been collected the data from
copyright protected sources. The impact of which the overall aim and objectives get achieved.
Conclusion
After summing up the research methodology section, it has been concluded that quantitative research methodology has been
selected by the scholar in order to conduct as well as complete the whole dissertation or study in an appropriate manner. The section
has also concluded that both primary and secondary data has been collected by the scholar in order to gain deep knowledge on
ongoing pandemic impact over Jaguar company (Ryder and et.al. 2020). Lastly, the section has concluded that lack of resources and
time is the limitation of current study because of paid sites etc. In order to complete the research methodology chapter in appropriate
manner, the Saunders Onion model has been used by the client. Both primary as well as secondary sources has been used by the
scholar to collect the real and precise information on impact of Covid-19 over auto-mobile sector and Jaguar company of India. It is
because collecting information from both sources helps the scholar to provide more realistic, reliable and valid result to users.
However, beside limitation the scholar has been completed the study in successful manner.
25

CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The current section will help to provide the themes pertaining to the chosen topic which in turn assist to determine the overall
performance of Jaguar during the time of pandemic. In this section, both thematic and descriptive statistic has performed which in turn
create a better outcome. Also, different themes and charts will be designed in order to present the finding in a presentable manner. In
addition to this, data analysis section provide a narrow view pertaining to chosen topic so that effective outcome can be derived.
Reliability test
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
N of Items
.613 12
In accordance with the above table, it has been identified that the reliability of the variables used in the questionnaire is 61%
which means the results generated through the test provide valid outcome and surety.
Descriptive statistics
This is used to describe as well as summarise the characteristics of a sample or a dataset which include variable mean, mode
and median. This in turn assist to understand the collective properties of all the elements of data sample in order to generate a better
outcome and create a better outcome for the company. Also, it can be stated that through this tool, scholar can summarise the results
and also make decision for the welfare of a company.
26

Statistics
gender age How long
you are
working
in the
company?
Do you
think that
car
industry
gain strong
competitive
advantage
in the
market
from last 5
years?
Do you
think that
pandemic
hit the
market
negatively?
In what
terms
pandemic
hit
Jaguar?
Do you
think that
there is
any
change
identified
over
customer
buying
pattern
during
pandemic?
Is there
any
specific
change in
the policy
during
ongoing
situation of
pandemic
regarding
employee’s
working?
Do you think
that there is
any market
attractiveness
identified
within Jaguar
during
pandemic?
What are
the
different
challenges
faced by
the
company
while
dealing
with
pandemic?
What are
the
different
steps
taken by
the
company
to
combat
from the
pandemic
situation?
Do you
agree that
company’s
performance
will
improve in
post
pandemic?
N Valid 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 1.4000 1.6333 2.3667 1.8000 1.6333 2.7667 1.7000 1.8000 1.8000 2.9667 2.9667 2.5667
Median 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.0000 1.5000 3.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000 3.0000 2.0000
Mode 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 2.00
Std.
Deviation .49827 .71840 .92786 .80516 .71840 1.25075 .79438 .80516 .71438 1.09807 1.09807 1.25075
Variance .248 .516 .861 .648 .516 1.564 .631 .648 .510 1.206 1.206 1.564
Skewness .430 .692 .280 .391 .692 -.318 .610 .391 .316 -.600 -.600 .348
27

Std. Error
of
Skewness
.427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427
Kurtosis -1.950 -.699 -.623 -1.333 -.699 -1.598 -1.120 -1.333 -.911 -1.006 -1.006 -.932
Std. Error
of Kurtosis .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833
Sum 42.00 49.00 71.00 54.00 49.00 83.00 51.00 54.00 54.00 89.00 89.00 77.00
Interpretation: In accordance with the above table, it has been identified that majority of them are males and average number of
selected employees are from 36 to 45 years old. Whereas most of them are from 25 to 35 years old, and that is why, they have good
working experience in Jaguar which reflected that employees are working from last 2 to 3 years and that is why, they are able to
perform the work in more effective manner. Moreover, 50% of them stated that car industry do not gain a strong advantage in the
market from last 5 years and this is due to pandemic. Whereas majority of them are agreed with the statement. 50% of the selected
participants reflected that pandemic hit the market negatively because of many reasons which include loss in sales, job insecurity,
employee dissatisfaction etc. Hence, it can be stated that due to such negative outcome company faces many issues and this affected
the entire performance of a business in negative manner. As a result, there are many changes identified within a company’s customer
buying pattern that affect the sales in negative manner but on the other side, there is no market attractiveness identified within a
company at the time of pandemic that affect the financial performance in negative manner. Along with this, majority of the employees
stated that there are different challenges faced by the company while dealing with pandemic which include change in customer
mindset, decline in company’s financial performance, disrupted supply chain etc. That is why, there is a need to make effective steps
which in turn causes positive impact over the business performance such that average number of employees are agreed that
psychological and financial support is provided by the company to their employees in order to improve the negative impact. This
cause a direct impact upon the business performance so that effective outcome can be generated.
28

Overall, it can be stated that due to change in position within a business at the time of pandemic, Jaguar has affected
negatively. Therefore, due to such negative outcome, it is not possible to come back upon the track within limited tenure. That is why,
it can be stated that with the help of effective strategies, company can improve the business performance and raise employee
performance as well.
Thematic analysis
Theme 1: Gender
Frequency Percent
Male 18 60.0
Female 12 40.0
Total 30 100.0
29

Interpretation: In accordance with the table, it has been identified that 40% of them are females and only 60% of them are males.
This in turn shows that majority of the selected participants are male. However, the company comply with the equal opportunity
30

policy and that is why, the ratio of the company’s male and female employees are accurate so that female will also get an
opportunity to make decision.
Theme 2: Age
Frequency Percent
25 to 35 15 50.0
36 to 45 11 36.7
46 above 4 13.3
Total 30 100.0
31

32

Interpretation: As per the above graph, it can be stated that out of 30 employees, 15 of them are from 25 to 35 years and 11 of them
are 36 to 45 years and only 4 of them are 46 above. This data reflected that Jaguar hire employees who are actually adults and
young adults in order to provide the decision and meet the defined aim of a company.
Theme 3: Working time
Frequency Percent
Last 1 years 5 16.7
Last 2 to 3 years 13 43.3
Last 3 to 5 years 8 26.7
More than 5
years 4 13.3
Total 30 100.0
33

34

Interpretation: The working culture of the company is good because majority of the people are working long term. Further, out of
100%, 43.3% of them are working from last 2 to 3 years and only 16.7% of them working from last 1 years. Also, 26.7% of them
stated that they work with the company for last 3 to 5 years and only 13.3% of them stated that they work for more than 5 years.
This in turn shows that company’s employees are working so long with the firm and that is why, it generated a long term
relationship within a firm. That is why, it has been identified that working long with a firm will assist to create a better outcome
and they understand how Jaguar deal at the time of pandemic.
Theme 4: Yes, car industry gain strong competitive advantage in the market from last 5 years
Frequency Percent
Yes 13 43.3
No 10 33.3
Don't know 7 23.3
Total 30 100.0
35

Interpretation: Through the above table, it has been interpreted that car industry gain a strong competitive advantage in the market
from the last 5 years such that out of 100% 33.3% of them stated that industry do not whereas 43.33% of them stated that it will
and only 23.3% of them stated they do not know about it. This in turn shows that company need to focus upon the ways through
36

which it will be able to perform better and improve the overall performance in positive manner. Therefore, it can be stated that
with the help of effective steps, company can be sustaining the brand image and can be come back in the competitive era within a
limited time. Also, contributing at least 7% to the GDP of the country reflect that automobile industry have a strong performance
at the global level and this in turn shows the industry provide effective outcome.
Theme 5: Yes, pandemic hit the market negatively
Frequency Percent
Yes 15 50.0
No 11 36.7
Don't know 4 13.3
Total 30 100.0
37

Interpretation: In accordance of the above graph, it has been identified that majority of the people stated that yes, pandemic has hit
the market in negative manner. This can be reflected that out of 30 employees, 15 of them stated yes and 11 of them stated no and
38

that is why, there is a negative impact associated with the company’s sales. Also, only 4 of them do not know about such things.
Therefore, it can be stated that due to implementing effective steps, company is able to improve the business performance and can
be convert the same into positive manner. Almost each and every industry has affected in negative manner and due to strict
lockdown situation, company has badly affected in many terms. That time, managers and leader of a company should make a
strong team so that effective outcome can be generated and improve the brand image of a firm as well.
Theme 6: Pandemic hit Jaguar in many terms
Frequency Percent
Job insecurity 7 23.3
Loss in sales 6 20.0
Employee
dissatisfaction 4 13.3
All of these 13 43.3
Total 30 100.0
39

Interpretation: As per the above table, it has been stated that there are different ways through which Jaguar hit negative due to
pandemic in which it can be stated that 7 employees out of 30 stated that job insecurity is the major problem and 6 of them stated
40

that loss in sales is the another problem and 4 of them stated that employee dissatisfaction is another problem face by the
company. Apart from this, 13 of them stated that all of these is considered are the major challenge that affect the entire business in
negative manner. Therefore, it has been identified that company faces many challenges which in turn assist to create a better
outcome and that is why, in the upcoming years, Jaguar need to make effective decision to improve the business performance.
Thus, being affected in many term, company should implement effective ways that assist to create a better outcome and raise the
performance towards upward direction. On the others side, if such things has not complied in effectively then it might cause
negative outcome and sales of a business also affected negatively.
Theme 7: Yes, there is a change identified over customer buying pattern during pandemic
Frequency Percent
Yes 15 50.0
No 9 30.0
Don't know 6 20.0
Total 30 100.0
41

Interpretation: At the time of pandemic, there are many changes identified to customer buying pattern such that 50% of the selected
employees are agreed with the same and 30% of them stated no whereas 20% of them do not know about the same. This shows
42

that pandemic actually change the mindset of people and to attract the customer towards it, there is a need to implement new
action that helps a business to create a better outcome and generate a brand image at global level. Due to decline in the country’s
performance, customer demand also declines that affected the entire business into negative manner. So, it can be stated that due to
pandemic, the economy of India has badly hit and people focus upon different essential items that cause adverse impact over the
automobile industry’s sales.
Theme 8: Yes, there is a specific change in the policy during ongoing situation of pandemic regarding employee’s working
Frequency Percent
Yes 13 43.3
No 10 33.3
Don't know 7 23.3
Total 30 100.0
43

44

Interpretation: It has been clearly identified that pandemic affect the business performance in negative manner and that is why, there
is a need to implement some changes that help to improve the working performance. Such that out of 30 employees of Jaguar, 13
of them stated yes and only 10 of them stated no. On the other side, 7 of them stated they do not know about the things. That is
why, the views presented by the selected respondents entails that with the help of such changes only company might create a
better brand image and attract the new customers towards it. Also, changing in the policy has create a positive impact over the
business and improve the brand image at better outcome. Hence, there is a need to implement the change in accurate manner so
that customer’s can be attracted towards it so that effective outcome can be generated.
Theme 9: No, there is no market attractiveness identified within Jaguar during pandemic
Frequency Percent
Yes 11 36.7
No 14 46.7
Don't know 5 16.7
Total 30 100.0
45

46

Interpretation: At the time of pandemic, the economic situation of the company is not good and that is why, jaguar do not identify
the effective sources for market attractiveness. This can be proved by the views provided by the employees such that out of 100%,
46.7% of them stated no and only 36.7% of them stated yes and only 16.7% of them do not know about anything. That is why, it
can be reflected that company should implement effective steps that help to grow their financial services which further assist to
provide a chances of market attractiveness. Therefore, it can be stated that with the help of such strategy, company can generate a
better outcome. Also, company should create a better strategy that assist to generate to raise the brand image and also by offering
innovative products will assist to create a better outcome so that effective outcome can be generated.
Theme 10: different challenges faced by the company while dealing with pandemic
Frequency Percent
Change in customer
mindset 4 13.3
Decline in company’s
financial performance 6 20.0
Disrupted supply chain 7 23.3
All of these 13 43.3
Total 30 100.0
47

48

Interpretation: In accordance with the above table and graph, it has been reflected that there are different challenges faced by
company at the time of pandemic. Such that majority of them stated that there are different challenges in which 4 of them stated
that change in the customer mindset is major issue and 6 of them stated that decline in company’s financial performance is
another important challenge faced by the company. However, 7 of them stated that disrupted supply chain is considered another
challenge faced by Jaguar which in turn affect the overall performance and causes negative impact over the business performance.
Hence, there is a need to make steps regarding this which cause positive impact towards a business performance.
Theme 11: different steps taken by the company to combat from the pandemic situation
Frequency Percent
Complied with
government action 4 13.3
Flexibility in workplace 6 20.0
Psychological and
financial support to
employees
7 23.3
All of these 13 43.3
Total 30 100.0
49

Interpretation: as per the above table, it has been identified that there are different challenges faced by the company in order to
improve the pandemic situation. Such that out of 30 employees, 4 of them stated that they complied with government action, 6 of
50

them stated that flexibility in workplace, 7 of them stated that psychological and financial support to employees. Therefore, 13 of
them stated that all of these are considered as a major challenge faced by the company and this in turn reflect that there is a need
to improve the overall performance. Overall, it can be stated that with the help of such steps company can improve the business
performance and this in turn help business to create a better outcome and generated a strong performance as well. Hence, there is
a need to improve the overall performance and generate a strong outcome for the company.
Theme 12: Yes, employees of Jaguar agree that company’s performance will improve in post pandemic
Frequency Percent
Strongly agreed 7 23.3
Agreed 9 30.0
Neutral 6 20.0
Disagreed 6 20.0
Strongly disagreed 2 6.7
Total 30 100.0
51

52

Interpretation: In accordance with the above table, it has been identified that majority of the employees from Jaguar stated that they
all agreed that company will improve its performance after pandemic. Such that out of 100%, 30% of them stated that they are
agreed with the same and 23.3% of them stated that they are strongly agreed. Also, 6.7% of them stated that they are strongly
disagreed with the statement and only 20% of them are agreed. That is why, it can be stated that the chances of recovery will be
high within a business when it starts providing effective outcome and generate a better outcome for the company performance.
Inferential statistics
It is the method through which researcher make assumptions about a wider group by using a small proportion so that effective
outcome can be generated. There are different methods through which company can generate a better outcome and improve the
performance of a company in a positive manner. Also, there are different tools which are used by the company in order to improve the
results and provide a valid outcome, in the presents study only correlation analysis as an inferential tool has been adopted that provide
an association between the tools that helps to determine best outcome and examine the best outcome as well.
Correlations
Do you think
that pandemic
hit the market
negatively?
In what terms
pandemic hit
Jaguar?
What are the
different
challenges
faced by the
company while
dealing with
pandemic?
What are the
different steps
taken by the
company to
combat from
the pandemic
situation?
Pearson Correlation 1 .362* .246 -.235
53

Do you think that
pandemic hit the market
negatively?
Sig. (2-tailed) .049 .190 .212
N 30 30 30 30
In what terms pandemic hit
Jaguar?
Pearson Correlation .362* 1 .145 .170
Sig. (2-tailed) .049 .445 .369
N 30 30 30 30
What are the different
challenges faced by the
company while dealing
with pandemic?
Pearson Correlation .246 .145 1 .085
Sig. (2-tailed) .190 .445 .656
N 30 30 30 30
What are the different steps
taken by the company to
combat from the pandemic
situation?
Pearson Correlation -.235 .170 .085 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .212 .369 .656
N 30 30 30 30
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: In accordance with the above table, it has been identified that there is a lower relationship between the
variables and this shows that there are no changes identified within a specific variable. Such that there is a moderate association
identified between the variable i.e. pandemic hit the market of automobile into negative manner and different negative impact
identified within a business. Also, the p value from the data also reflected that there is an alternative hypothesis is accepted which
means that if there is a change highlight then it cause negative impact. On the other side, there is a lower relationship identified within
a variable i.e. different challenges faced by the company with market negative affected due to pandemic. This shows that company
should make efforts in order to improve the business performance and reduce the negative change over the business.
On the other side, it has been identified that there is lower relationship between term pandemic affect Jaguar with the
challenges faced by the company and different steps taken by the firm in order to improve the business performance. This shows that
54

company need to improve the overall performance of a business so that effective outcome can be generated. As a result, there is null
hypothesis is accepted over other because the value of p is greater than the standard criteria. This shows that company need to improve
the business performance and generate a strong evidence in order to raise the performance. In addition to this, it has been also
analysed that challenges faced by the company have a very lower relationship between the steps taken by the firm. Such that it create
almost negative association between the variables and that is why, it can be stated that there is no direct association identified within
the variable and that is why, no changes identified within a results and causes adverse impact.
Discussion
With the help of primary research it has been identified that majority of the employees are agreed that pandemic hit the
business in negative manner and determine different ways through which company affected badly. This in turn shows that company
should make effective steps in order to create a better outcome. Ghazanfari (2020) has also supported that automobile industry has
badly hit by pandemic and though company like Jaguar implement the best ways through which they can come back to the original
position. This shows that Jaguar sale has decreases from the 2019 due to pandemic and also due to lower economic value, customers
are not able to buy the products. However, different collaboration has taken place that shows company need to improve the overall
performance. Also, through the views of all the selected employees, it has been identified that company faces numerous challenges
while facing issue with regard to combat from the Covid challenge. Such that due to strict lockdown situation, company is not able to
start its manufacturing and as a result, a huge loss has been bear by the firm that affect the business performance in negative manner.
Also, it further realised that automobile industry growth rate has been decline due to change in the overall performance and this shows
a negative impact over the business.
In addition to this, it can be stated that before pandemic, the car industry have a strong competitive advantage and this in turn
create a positive impact which causes direct impact over the business sales. Also, majority of the employees of Jaguar are also agreed
with the same which in turn shows that employees of the company are well known about the firm situation and that is why there is a
55

need to improve the same so that effective outcome can be generated. Nayak and et.al., (2022) also reflected in their study that
automobile industry in ranked at 4th in the global level and it also provide 8% increase in the sales at every year. Hence, it can be
stated that the sales of a firm is increases because company offer effective products to the customers and this in turn assist to create a
better outcome for the business performance. In accordance with the question asked within the survey entails that pandemic hit the
market in negative manner and there are different ways through which Jaguar affected by the sales such as job security, loss in sales,
employee dissatisfaction etc. Therefore, it reflected that company’s financial performance has badly affected due to changes in the
pattern of buying. This is also supported by KM and KG (2021) that Tata Motors Jaguar Land Rover affected with 413 million
pounds’ loss due to pandemic and this is due to significant impact on sales and profit due to lockdown. At the first six months of 2020,
it has been analysed that sales of automobile is 569.5% affected and also due to economic fluctuation the sales of a company affected
negatively. Therefore, range of employees fire from the company due to loss in profit and this causes a negative impact over the
business performance.
Moreover, there are many change identified over the customer buying behaviour pattern and this shows that customer interest
to buy the car product will be decreases and this is because of decrease in GDP of a company. Hence, it can be stated that buying
pattern has changes because cost of living is high after pandemic and people focus upon the essential things rather than buying
expensive item. That is why, the chances of customer buying pattern shift and sales of automobile industry decreases. By identify the
situation of pandemic, Jaguar start amend the policy in order to improve the business performance because most of the production line
of Jaguar is shut down till the next notice of government. Yan and et.al., (2020) supported under the secondary research that company
fire their employees at minimum level because they value their employees and do not unnecessarily fire their employees. However the
company policy reflect that most of the employees are promoted from their actual position so that they will understand that company
value employees. Also, all the waves of the pandemic is so strong that decreases market attractiveness and that is why, almost each
employee is somehow agree with the same. The secondary source reflected that luxury carmaker company has badly affected from the
Brexit and pandemic and this in turn decrease the lower consumer demand along with disruption in production.
56

Also, from the different employees views of Jaguar, it has been reflected that there are different challenges faced by the
company at the time of pandemic because the entire world is stop because of banned in cross countries boundaries and that is why,
there is a change in customer’s mindset. Further, some of them stated that decline in the performance of company is another major
issue that affected the entire performance of a company. However, disrupted in supply chain is consider another challenge faced by
Jaguar because banned of people has stopped the supply of products to different countries. That is why, it can be stated that these all
challenges has affected the business into negative manner and there is a need to deal with the challenge otherwise company’s
performance has been negatively affected even after the post pandemic. Also, different steps has been taken by Jaguar in order to
combat from such situation so that effective outcome can be generated. As majority of the employees are agreed with the same in
which they stated that complied with the government action and flexibility in workplace are some of the common solution
implemented by Jaguar that assist to create a better outcome. On the other side, quoted firm also provide psychological and financial
support to their employees so that they will be engage with a firm for a longer term. Sun (2022) explained in their study that this is
identified that government should focus over the proper supply chain management for the auto mobile industry. The proper supply
chain management will provide resources to the manufacture in future as well if any such similar situation got arise in the world and
especially in India. It is important for the government to develop a suitable supply chain management in manufacturing industry so
that proper supplies are available even in the pandemic situation like Covid.
In addition to this, employees stated that with the help of such action, it can be combat from the situation after pandemic and
again provide a strong competition in the market. Also, this shows that company have a strong financial performance that assist to
improve the performance so that best outcome can be generated. That is why, there is a need to make effective steps in order to create
a better outcome. Further, post covid-19 situation actually assist the firm to improve the create a better outcome and raise the business
performance in positive manner. In the case of Jaguar, company is also providing effective outcome in order to create a better outcome
for the business so that company can generated a high brand image. This shows that employers of Jaguar are mainly work with
employees and value them so that effective outcome can be generated. Therefore, it can be stated that due to change in the working
57

environment of the company, majority of the employees are agreed that company have a strong performance which in turn assist to
create a better outcome but due to pandemic, the entire performance of the company has changes into negative manner. This shows
that there is a need to make effective steps in order to improve the business performance. As, Jaguar care for the employees and with
the help of effective leadership style, company keep involve their employees in order to meet the defined aim so that best outcome can
be generated.
58

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
By summing up above report, it has been concluded that impact of ongoing pandemic upon auto-mobile industry is negative
such that the sales of a firm is keep decreases and company cut down the products manufacturing as well. Also, the businesses like
Jaguar keep improving the sales by focusing upon its operations so that effective outcome can be generated. Therefore, with the help
of secondary study, it can be concluded from the secondary study that the position of an automobile manufacturing industry in India is
ranked fourth largest in the world but after hospitality, this is highly hit negative due to pandemic. In the year 2020, it has been
identified that the sales of a company is keep decreases because the behaviour of customer keep changes and this in turn decrease the
buying pattern of the company. However, the future of the company operating in an automobile industry is strong enough which assist
business to up its position in market. In addition to this, research also concluded that government make initiative in order to expand
the sales of a business that helps to create a better outcome. In the context of Jaguar, the sales of the firm is increases up to 2019 but
after pandemic the sales decreases due to many strict policies imposed by the government and this causes negative impact over the
business performance.
Further, secondary sources also concluded that impact of ongoing pandemic situation on company Jaguar is negative as Indian
government imposed strict lockdown to the business. Further, this shows that demand of cars decreases by 8% and as a result,
company started firing their employees that affected the entire business into negative manner. In this situation, the economic condition
of the company is decreases and unemployment rate of a country is increases. Hence, to minimise such situation, government keep
implementing new policies for their employees so that they can manage the work effectively and generated a better outcome. In the
context of Jaguar, sales of a firm also decreases and due to cut in the cost of production, around lacs of employees loss their jobs and
GDP of a country also affected negatively. Hence, it has been clearly reflected that the Jaguar faces numerous challenges in order to
deal with the issue of decrease in sales at the time of pandemic which include reduce in the supply chain of a firm, shortage of
resources and that is why, company affected negative from such situation.
59

Through the primary research it has been concluded that car industry gains a strong competitive market in the company from
last 5 years because majority of the people live their life in a luxurious manner and that is why, the sales of the company is increases.
However, majority of the selected candidate stated that pandemic hit Jaguar in a negative manner in term of job insecurity, Loss in
sales, employee dissatisfaction etc. By combining all these factors will reflect that company should focus upon the sales which assist
business to improve the sales and reduce negative impact. At the time of customer buying pattern, the chances of customer buying
pattern will be decreases and this create a direct impact over the sales, however, company is also improving policies in order to
improve the performance as well as culture. That is why, at the time of first wave, most of the companies are not ready to accept the
changes and that is why, decreases the sales very quickly and this causes adverse impact over the business performance. Overall, it can
be stated that at the time of pandemic, the business sales is highly affected and this shows a negative performance. So jaguar need to
implement effective ways that help to create a positive impact over the business and create a better outcome as well. This in turn
shows a positive impact and overcome from the problem by improving business brand image, along with this company can sustain the
brand image at global level as well.
Recommendations
Through the above analysis, it has been identified that there are different loopholes faced by the company which need to be
resolved. As pandemic hit the company into negative manner and that is why, there is a need to implement the changes which help to
improve the business performance. The ways are as mentioned below:
 It is to be suggested to the company to change the policy by providing flexibility to the employees so that they can perform the
work effectively and generate a better outcome. Also, Jaguar need to discuss the same with the employees and determine their
views so that company’s employee relation can be maintaining effectively. That is why, company can fight against such
situation and raise the business brand image effectively.
60

 Further, it is to be recommended to the company to focus upon the online store in order to improve the business performance
and this in turn assist to response to Covid-19. In addition to this, it has been identified that offering online products to the
company will assist Jaguar to increase the sales so that effective outcome can be generated. Therefore, it can be stated that
sales of the company can be improved by implementing effective strategy.
 It is to be suggested to the Jaguar that company’s market attractiveness can be identified in which company need to perform
effective market research which assist to create a better outcome. Also, it can be stated that due to change in the prices of the
company, it will help to improve the performance and generate a brand image of a firm. That is why, company need to
consider porter five force factors that helps to improve the business performance and can expand the business at further level.
 Through primary research it has been identified that there are different challenges faced by the company at the time of pandemic
and to improve the same, it is to be recommended to Jaguar to change the policy of a firm so that effective outcome can be
generated. However, company already uses effective policy in order to accept the changes but there is a need to modify other
policies as well. Such that company can implement 5 days working in order to make their employee’s happy and productive
towards a firm.
 Further, it is to be analysed that pandemic hit the market in negative manner and that is why, it is to be suggested to the
company to improve the performance and focus upon the business operations in order to stay competitive within a firm. Also,
with the help of collaborating with technologies, company can reduce the wastage of time and enjoy the services. This in turn
shows that by using effective sharing tools, company can reduce the error within communication that help to create a better
outcome and reduce the worker’s stress.
 In order to increase the sales of a company, it is to be suggested to the firm to retain the employees rather than firing. It is so
because company can generate better outcome and increase the sales of a firm so that effective outcome can be generated. This
in turn shows that post pandemic era will be beneficial for the company to raise the performance and create a better outcome by
61

focusing upon the skills that assist to create better opportunities and improve the performance as well. This in turn shows that
Jaguar can enhance the sales performance and deliver the new business models for the welfare of a firm.
Research Limitation
This is a methodology that affect the overall research study and that’s why it is important for the scholar to understand and adopt
steps to overcome the same. The common limitation of present research study is lack of time and resources. Due to lack of time, the
scholar is unable to include more respondent for the purpose of survey. On the other side, in order to overcome this limitation, the
scholar has been used the simple random sampling for the selection of respondent and avoid biasness among population. Further, due
to unavailability of resources, the scholar unable to get more information on impact of pandemic over Jaguar company in India.
It is because they are unable to access the dataset because several sites are fall under the paid category. However, with the help
of keywords, the relevant article has been assessed by scholar in order to achieve the aim and objectives of the present study. In the
present study, the scholar has selected the data in an appropriate manner with the proper consideration of limitation attached with it
and how they can overcome it (Zawacki-Richter and et.al., 2020). This is one of the best way to reach final conclusion and provide
solutions of each research question.
Experience
Through the present study, I enhance my learning by conducting study on this and this in turn assist to improve the overall
performance. Earlier I have only theoretical knowledge pertaining to research methodology but with the present study, I am able to
apply the same into a research that helps me to conduct the study in an effective manner. Also, in future when the same research will
be performed then I ensure to use qualitative research that helps to conduct the study within a limited tenure and this helps to gain
knowledge pertaining to the qualitative research.
62

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66

APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Demographic information
1. Gender:
 Male
 Female
2. Age
 25 to 35
 36 to 45
 46 and above
3. How long you are working in the company?
 Last 1 years
 Last 2 to 3 years
 Last 3 to 5 years
 More than 5 years
4. Do you think that car industry gain strong competitive advantage in the market from last 5
years?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
5. Do you think that pandemic hit the market negatively?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
6. In what terms pandemic hit Jaguar?
 Job insecurity
 Loss in sales
 Employee dissatisfaction
 All of these
7. Do you think that there is any change identified over customer buying pattern during
pandemic?
67

 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
8. Is there any specific change in the policy during ongoing situation of pandemic regarding
employee’s working?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
9. Do you think that there is any market attractiveness identified within Jaguar during pandemic?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
10. What are the different challenges faced by the company while dealing with pandemic?
 Change in the customer’s mindset
 Decline in the company’s financial performance
 Disrupted supply chain
 All of these
11. What are the different steps taken by the company to combat from the pandemic situation?
 Complied with the government action
 Flexibility in the workplace
 psychological and financial support to employees
 All of these
12. Do you agree that company’s performance will improve in post pandemic?
 Strongly agreed
 Agreed
 Neutral
 Disagreed
 Strongly disagreed
13. Please suggest any ways through which the challenges faced by the company can be
improved.
68

69

Responses
gen
der
a
g
e
working
time
carindustrygainstrongcompeti
tiveadvantage
pandemichitthemark
etnegatively
termspandemich
itJaguar
changeidentifiedovercustome
rbuyingpattern
specificchangeinthep
ituationofpandemic
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 3 3 2 4 3
2 2 1 2 1 1 1
2 1 2 1 2 4 2
1 1 3 2 1 1 1
1 2 2 1 3 1 2
2 1 2 3 2 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 3 1
2 2 3 2 3 4 3
1 1 2 1 2 4 2
2 2 2 1 1 2 1
2 2 3 3 1 1 1
1 3 2 2 2 4 3
1 1 4 1 1 4 2
2 2 2 3 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 3 1
1 2 3 1 1 1 3
1 1 2 3 3 4 2
2 2 4 2 2 2 1
2 1 2 1 1 1 2
1 2 2 3 2 4 1
70

1 1 1 1 3 4 3
1 1 3 1 1 4 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 1
2 2 4 2 1 3 1
1 1 3 1 1 4 3
1 1 2 2 2 4 2
1 3 4 2 1 4 1
2 2 2 2 1 2 1
1 1 3 1 2 3 2
Frequencies
gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 18 60.0 60.0 60.0
Female 12 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
71

age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
25 to 35 15 50.0 50.0 50.0
36 to 45 11 36.7 36.7 86.7
46 above 4 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
How long you are working in the company?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Last 1 years 5 16.7 16.7 16.7
Last 2 to 3 years 13 43.3 43.3 60.0
Last 3 to 5 years 8 26.7 26.7 86.7
More than 5 years 4 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Do you think that car industry gain strong competitive advantage in the
market from last 5 years?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 13 43.3 43.3 43.3
72

No 10 33.3 33.3 76.7
Don't know 7 23.3 23.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Do you think that pandemic hit the market negatively?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 15 50.0 50.0 50.0
No 11 36.7 36.7 86.7
Don't know 4 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
In what terms pandemic hit Jaguar?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Job insecurity 7 23.3 23.3 23.3
Loss in sales 6 20.0 20.0 43.3
Employee dissatisfaction 4 13.3 13.3 56.7
All of these 13 43.3 43.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
73

Do you think that there is any change identified over customer buying
pattern during pandemic?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 15 50.0 50.0 50.0
No 9 30.0 30.0 80.0
Don't know 6 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Is there any specific change in the policy during ongoing situation of
pandemic regarding employee working?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 13 43.3 43.3 43.3
No 10 33.3 33.3 76.7
Don't know 7 23.3 23.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Do you think that there is any market attractiveness identified within
Jaguar during pandemic
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 11 36.7 36.7 36.7
No 14 46.7 46.7 83.3
74

Don't know 5 16.7 16.7 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
What are the different challenges faced by the company while dealing with pandemic?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Change in customer
mindset 4 13.3 13.3 13.3
Decline in comapny's
financial performance 6 20.0 20.0 33.3
Disrupted supply chain 7 23.3 23.3 56.7
All of these 13 43.3 43.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
What are the different steps taken by the company to combat from the pandemic
situation?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Complied with government
action 4 13.3 13.3 13.3
Flecibility in workplace 6 20.0 20.0 33.3
Psychological and fincnail
support to employees 7 23.3 23.3 56.7
All of these 13 43.3 43.3 100.0
75

Total 30 100.0 100.0
Do you agree that company� performance will improve in post pandemic?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Strongly agreed 7 23.3 23.3 23.3
Agreed 9 30.0 30.0 53.3
Neutral 6 20.0 20.0 73.3
Disagreed 6 20.0 20.0 93.3
Strongly disagreed 2 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
76

Frequencies
Statistics
77

gend
er
age How
long you
are
working
in the
compan
y?
Do you
think that
car
industry
gain
strong
competiti
ve
advantage
in the
market
from last
5 years?
Do you
think that
pandemic
hit the
market
negativel
y?
In what
terms
pandem
ic hit
Jaguar?
Do you
think
that
there is
any
change
identifie
d over
customer
buying
pattern
during
pandemi
c?
Is there
any
specific
change in
the policy
during
ongoing
situation
of
pandemic
regarding
employee
�
working?
Do you
think that
there is any
market
attractivene
ss
identified
within
Jaguar
during
pandemic
What are
the
different
challeng
es faced
by the
company
while
dealing
with
pandemi
c?
What
are the
differen
t steps
taken
by the
compan
y to
combat
from
the
pandem
ic
situatio
n?
Do you
agree that
company
�
performan
ce will
improve
in post
pandemic?
N
Valid 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Missin
g 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 1.400
0
1.633
3 2.3667 1.8000 1.6333 2.7667 1.7000 1.8000 1.8000 2.9667 2.9667 2.5667
Median 1.000
0
1.500
0 2.0000 2.0000 1.5000 3.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000 3.0000 2.0000
Mode 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 2.00
Std.
Deviatio
n
.4982
7
.7184
0 .92786 .80516 .71840 1.25075 .79438 .80516 .71438 1.09807 1.09807 1.25075
Variance .248 .516 .861 .648 .516 1.564 .631 .648 .510 1.206 1.206 1.564
78

Skewnes
s .430 .692 .280 .391 .692 -.318 .610 .391 .316 -.600 -.600 .348
Std.
Error of
Skewnes
s
.427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427 .427
Kurtosis -
1.950 -.699 -.623 -1.333 -.699 -1.598 -1.120 -1.333 -.911 -1.006 -1.006 -.932
Std.
Error of
Kurtosis
.833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833 .833
Minimu
m 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Sum 42.00 49.00 71.00 54.00 49.00 83.00 51.00 54.00 54.00 89.00 89.00 77.00
Reliability
Scale: ALL VARIABLES
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
N of Items
.613 12
79

Correlations
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Do you think that pandemic
hit the market negatively? 1.6333 .71840 30
In what terms pandemic hit
Jaguar? 2.7667 1.25075 30
What are the different
challenges faced by the
company while dealing
with pandemic?
2.9667 1.09807 30
What are the different steps
taken by the company to
combat from the pandemic
situation?
2.9667 1.09807 30
Correlations
80

Do you think
that pandemic
hit the market
negatively?
In what terms
pandemic hit
Jaguar?
What are the
different
challenges
faced by the
company while
dealing with
pandemic?
What are the
different steps
taken by the
company to
combat from
the pandemic
situation?
Do you think that pandemic
hit the market negatively?
Pearson Correlation 1 .362* .246 -.235
Sig. (2-tailed) .049 .190 .212
N 30 30 30 30
In what terms pandemic hit
Jaguar?
Pearson Correlation .362* 1 .145 .170
Sig. (2-tailed) .049 .445 .369
N 30 30 30 30
What are the different
challenges faced by the
company while dealing
with pandemic?
Pearson Correlation .246 .145 1 .085
Sig. (2-tailed) .190 .445 .656
N 30 30 30 30
What are the different steps
taken by the company to
combat from the pandemic
situation?
Pearson Correlation -.235 .170 .085 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .212 .369 .656
N 30 30 30 30
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
81