Impact Of Smoking in Canada Report 2022

Running Head: Smoking in Canada
Smoking in Canada
Report
System04104
10/7/2019

Smoking in Canada
1
Introduction
Smoking is a serious concern for the entire world because it has adverse impact on the
health of people. Large numbers of people are facing addiction of smoking or using tobacco
products in the world and the scenario is not different in Canada. This report analyses the
health issues related to smoking in Canadian people. The report also helps to understand the
role of nurses in preventing smoking in the country and aware the young Canadian people
about the harmful effect of smoking on their health. However, there are several social
determinants factors that are responsible for smoking in people has been also discussed in this
report with a brief overview about the epidemiological factors which essential to identify the
harmful effect of smoking in people. Apart from this, the report will also highlight the role of
primary healthcare organisation and role of nurses in prevention of smoking in people.
Overview about Smoking in Canada
According to a survey conducted in 2011, one in every five Canadian people is
addicted of smoking or using any tobacco products. It means more than 5.8 million Canadian
people are involved in using tobacco products through smoking. 22.3% of men are addicted
of smoking while 17.5% women are addicted of smoking. While 23.5% men are addicted of
heavy smoking or chain smoking issues and 14.2% women are addicted of heavy smoking
(Djalalov, Masucci, Isaranuwatchai, Evans, Peter, Truscott, & Hoch, 2018). However, the
issues related to smoking have been observed in huge numbers in Canadian teenagers
(between 15 to 19 years old), which is higher than any other group of people in Canada
(Larsen, To, Irving, Boak, Hamilton, Mann, & Faulkner, 2017). More than 30% of youths are
regular smokers while among them 21% regular smokers in home. However, the major issue
with smoking is that it lowers the life expectancy rate of people and leads to several
dangerous disease like Cancer, Cardiovascular disease, heart attack, Tuberculosis and
Asthma etc. According to a report, more than 20,000 deaths have been recorded due to lung
cancer, which is 27% of total numbers of death due to cancer in Canada. However, the
current smoking rate in Canada is 19.9% in people (above than 12 years) and it was lower
than 2001 when 25% of people were reported to smoking in the country (Brobeck, Bergh,
Odencrants, & Hildingh, 2011).
Smoking is the cause of many other type of chronic disease such as lung cancer,
Tuberculosis, Asthma, hearth attack etc. According to a report published by WHO, more than

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7 million people death has been recorded every year because of smoking while 1.2 million
people are died because they were being exposed to second hand smoke and they were not
smokers (Kreatsoulas & Anand, 2010). Currently more than 1.1 billion people are smokers
and among them, 80% people are living in the low-income and middle-income group of
countries (David, Esson, Perucic, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). However, these statistics in USA are
also very high and a great concern for the USA government. More than 16 million American
living with a disease caused by smoking and at least 30 people is living with the serious
disease, which is caused by Tobacco. If the habit of people or pattern of smoking will not
change globally, more than 8 million people will die every year because of smoking by 2030.
Social Determinants factors in Canada and Its impact on Smoking
Social determinants are those factors that cause health issues in people or help to
eliminate the health issues from the society. These factors are related with economic or social
conditions that influence the current health status of people or community. Social
determinants of health affect factors that are related to the health outcomes (Kreatsoulas &
Anand, 2010). The social determinant factors generally include employment or
unemployment situation, poverty, education, economic situation like housing or proper
arrangement of foods, earning, or occupation of person etc. These factors are generally
related to social, nature, socioeconomic factors, and behavioural factors of the people
(Krueger, Krueger, & Koot, 2015). However, the major social determinant factors that are
related to smoking are as follow:
Economic conditions or Poverty: Most of the people in Canada understand that
smoking is the best way of releasing economic pressure or avoiding issues related to poverty.
People who are faces extreme economic pressure or jobless in the country are habituated to
smoking. Around 4.9 million in Canada are living under poverty. It means every one out of
seven people is facing poor economic situation and among them 75% people are addicted of
smoking. More than 59% women are facing extreme issues related to poverty among them
30% women are addicted of smoking (Kreatsoulas & Anand, 2010).
Education: Education is also an important factor in avoiding smoking in the country.
It has been seen that extreme education pressure of stress of building career in the
professional field forces the youngsters to use smoking products in night. Apart from this, it
has been seen that large numbers of people even know the harmful effect of smoking

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products despite being they are regularly using cigarettes and other tobacco products in
Canada (White, Rynard, Reid, Ahmed, Burkhalter, & Hammond, 2015).
Society and Culture: The youngsters, who are living in professional life and
spending their most of the time in the occupation and other business related activity, are also
addicted of smoking. However, the impact of society and other people in the family directly
affect the mentality of people over smoking. Large numbers of teenagers try to use smoking
products after watching their parents that they used it on regular basis. This is the real
problem in upper middle or higher income class of people in Canada (Hosseinpoor, Parker,
d'Espaignet, & Chatterji, 2011).
Income of People: Smoking is the major health issue in developing and
underdeveloped countries because it is related with low income of people. Around 5 million
people in Canada are living with very low income jobs are even searching for jobs for their
life. The stress of low income and poor economic conditions of family force the people
towards the alcoholism and smoking. There are large numbers of people in Canada belongs to
this group of people.
However, these factors are really crucial to understand the impact of smoking and its
causes in Canada. To avoid the concerns related to smoking in the world, the primary
healthcare Nurses in Canada can play a crucial role in avoiding issues related with smoking
or consumption of tobacco products in form of smoking. This could be possible if both
private and public primary healthcare organisation follow the five key principles of WHO
(Wilson & Cardwell, 2012). The WHO has defined five key principles to ensure a better
health facility for the people through avoiding healthcare inequalities and social injustice in
the various countries. The five key principles are Accessibility, participation of community,
health promotion, use of technology, and Intersectoral cooperation (Friedberg, Hussey, &
Schneider, 2010). The accessibility ensures that distribution of healthcare facilities,
professionals, and resources should be on equal basis for rural, urban, and remote areas. This
means health equalities should be considered for all the people. The public participation
people should be encouraged to make decision about their own health by identifying their
health needs and requirements. The third principle health promotion includes provide
education and awareness about the health issues to the people. The use of technology helps in
research and finding new ways to eliminate or reduce the health issue from the society (Prus,

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2011). The fifth principle is intersectoral cooperation that prefers that health and well-being
of people is linked with both economic policies and social policies of the country.
Epidemiological Factors in Prevention of Smoking in Canada
Large numbers of people in Canada are addicted of smoking and most of them are
youngsters including male and female both. More than 10.8% of Canadians (approximately
3.3 million people) are daily smokers in the country while 4.3% (1.3 million people) are non-
daily smokers (Xiao, Zhou, Xu, Xu, Huang, Lu, & Wu, 2016). The engagement of youngsters
in smoking is a real concern for the Canadian government because large numbers of young
people and young adult who are facing unemployment and poor economic conditions are
habitual of smoking. However, the number of statistics related to smokers not change since
2017 and it is still the same. The major reason of using tobacco products is mental stress or
economic burden on the people. While some of the youngsters are addicted of smoking
products because of their alcoholism addiction (Yong, Borland, Cummings, & Partos, 2018).
However, unemployment of people and social culture cannot be ignored in this matter
because large numbers of young children learn or copy the act of their parents and smoking is
one of them. One in every six young people (16.4% between age 15 to 19 years) are reported
for consuming smoking products in the Canada. However, most of them are non-daily
smokers. However, the most of youngsters usually obtained their cigarettes from social
sources like buying, taking, or given by friend or family members. Some of the people are not
usually take or consume cigarettes or tobacco products like cigar or cigarettes but they
became victim of second hand smoke when they stand near a person who smoke or suing
tobacco products (Prus, 2011).
Role of Primary Healthcare Nurses in Canada to Prevent Smoking and Importance of
Cultural Competence
The roles of primary healthcare nurses are so crucial in preventing smoking addiction
in the community. Nurses can help the young people to avoid to smoking and can explain the
people that how smoking is dangerous for their health (Wilson & Cardwell, 2012). A key
principle of WHO is participation of community members in the healthcare programs. The
success of nurses depend when people cooperates their initiatives and avoid buying or
consuming cigarettes from the shops. The role of nurses in the country is to provide best
healthcare facilities to the people who need better treatment and healthcare suggestions to

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stay health and fit. The nurses can also play a role of counsellors in rural areas or in schools
to tell about the harmful effect of smoking in youngsters (Velez, Rosendaal, Alvarado, da
Câmara, Belanger, & Pirkle, 2019).
Usually it has been seen that youngsters generally arrange the smoking products from
the social resources such as shops and friends or family members. However, the government
here can also play a major role by preventing or banning those companies that are producing
cigarettes or cigar for the people and force them towards cancer (McNeil, Kerr, Lampkin, &
Small, 2015). Education people about the harmful effect of cigarettes can be a best idea to use
primary healthcare nurses and reduces the cases of smoking and other health related issues
that are related with smoking.
Large numbers of people who live in rural area of Canada or in remote areas do not
have proper information about the Canadian laws related to smoking and its prevention (Niaz,
Godman, Massele, Campbell, Kurdi, Kagoya, & Kibuule, 2018). The lack of awareness about
the clinical guidelines published to reduce smoking in the country is possible because the
healthcare facilities of the country cannot reach to this specific group of people because of
their culture competence. Canada is wide diverse culture country where large numbers of
people belong to indigenous and rural areas and it is really difficult for a nurse of primary
healthcare system to understand their needs and educate them about the harmful effect of
smoking (Wilson & Cardwell, 2012). The nurses can talk to them and change their mentality
and perception about the smoking and asked them to avoid such type of poisonous products
to stay healthy and fit.
Conclusion
On the basis of above study, it can be concluded that smoking is a common issue in
Canada and it is really difficult for the country to eliminate it with the society. Large numbers
of youngsters are facing high level of addiction of smoking products and alcoholism provides
the basis for it. It is also crucial to understand that the role of nurses are very important in
eliminating smoking from the society as they can persuade and educate people who lives in
indigenous and remote areas of Canada. The primary healthcare organisations can also reduce
the numbers of cases of related to smoking disease by following the five key principles of
WHO related to effective practice of primary healthcare services and professionals.

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