Impact of Travel and Tourism - Doc

Running Head: Impact of Tourism and Travel
Impact of Tourism and Travel

Impact of Travel and Tourism 1
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Traditional mass tourism and cultural tourism in Varanasi, India...................................................2
Ecotourism and wildlife based tourism in Akaroa, New Zealand...................................................3
Event induced tourism and Adventure tourism in Auckland, New Zealand...................................4
What should be done to attract tourists from the rest of the countries?..........................................5
Any other methods how the tourism organisations in ROME can lower the negative impact on
the city by the increase in tourist?...................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

Impact of Travel and Tourism 2
Introduction
Tourism defines when people travel from one place to another for fun or for other reasons. Under
tourism, major activities includes such as sightseeing, camping, etc. Tourism is a whole sector
which includes hotels, resorts, transportation, attractive monuments, culture, etc. People who
travel for fun and for gaining relished experience are known as tourists or visitors and the places
visited by them are known as tourist destinations (Látková & Vogt, 2012).Travel & Tourism is a
significant economic activity as its contribution towards economy is much high in comparison to
other sectors. Apart from economic impact, tourism generates job opportunities for local public
and could contribute towards improvement of wealth of the particular area. Various developing
countries are promoting tourism in order to improve its financial condition as well as to improve
the quality of life of their people. Tourism is segregated into various categories such as adventure
tourism, business tourism, cultural tourism, mass tourism, etc. (Lee, 2013).
Under this report, impact of tourism and travel will be determined in various parts of the globe.
Amongst the categories of tourism, mass tourism, cultural tourism, ecotourism, wildlife based
tourism, adventure tourism, and event induced tourism. Apart from this, measures will be
discussed in order to attract tourists and the methods will be discussed in relevance to reducing
negative impacts over the city by increase in tourist.
Traditional mass tourism and cultural tourism in Varanasi, India
Varanasi is a metropolitan city in India also known as spiritual capital of India. It is also known
as Benares, Banaras as well as Kashi. This city is situated on the banks of Ganges. The city is in
Utter Pradesh, a state in India. Varanasi is a religious hub and this attracts tourists to visit
Varanasi from across the globe (Marson, 2011).
Development of tourism leads to generate both positive as well as negative impacts over host
region. These impacts includes economic, cultural, social as well as environmental. Varanasi is
famous for Ghats (riverbanks), temples and ancient relics, narrow serpentine lanes, Indian
classical dance and music, handicraft items, etc. Large number of tourists visits Varanasi every
year but most of tourists visit there with a limited budget in comparison with the high spending
tourists. Apart from this, international tourists also Visit Varanasi but their main purpose is for

Impact of Travel and Tourism 3
staying in the city for longer period in low cost. Thus, contribution from budget tourists to the
economy of Varanasi is not much high (Ashworth & Goodall, 2013).
Due to large number of temples and spiritual places in Varanasi, travellers from various places
visit Varanasi every year. Varanasi also exhibits certain spiritual events time to time which
becomes the main attraction especially for spiritual people. Varanasi is a host country for all
major spiritual events which are conducted in India as it is one of the oldest cities approximately
3000 years (Varanasi City, 2018).
Cultural Tourism describes when travellers visit a place due to its cultural attractions,
specifically lifestyle of people at the place, history of destination, art, architecture and other
elements. Varanasi is famous for its culture and thus, huge number of tourists visits Varanasi to
see its culture, historical monuments, etc. Varanasi is also known as the cultural capital of India
and its vibrant culture is the essence of Varanasi Tourism. Due to large number of architecture
designs, it is known as the museum of architecture designs. Here, the mosques, temples, other
historical buildings present changing patterns and movements in the course of history. Fork arts,
verities of painting, sculptor styles, are major attractions in Varanasi (Superb India Tours, 2017).
Amongst this tourism, cultural tourism is one of the major segments of adventure tourism.
Further, eco-tourism and wildlife tourism will be discussed in next post which is also major part
of adventure tourism.
Positive impact
 Large number of tourists visits Varanasi every year because it is famous for Ghats
(riverbanks), temples and ancient relics, narrow serpentine lanes, Indian classical dance
and music, handicraft items, etc.
 Varanasi is a host country for all major spiritual events which are conducted in India.
 It exhibits certain spiritual events time to time which becomes the main attraction
especially for spiritual people.

Impact of Travel and Tourism 4
Negative impact
 Limited budget tourists visit Varanasi as it is bit cheap place to stay for longer period.
Due to this, contribution from budget tourists to the economy of Varanasi is not much
high.
 Despite the huge potential of tourists at Varanasi, overall physical appearance of city
indicates that the benefits generated tourism development have not been saturated into
hosting environment.
With regards to the above evaluation, it could be observed that traditional mass tourism and
cultural tourism in Varanasi are beneficial for leisured experience. Major attractions for this
destination are Ganga Ghats, centres of music and learning. This makes the Varanasi most
beautiful and most popular privileged spot in India.
Ecotourism and wildlife based tourism in Akaroa, New Zealand.
Ecotourism is a type of tourism which involves fragile visiting, and often small scale alternative
to standard commercial mass tourism. Interaction with natural environments and biotic
components is known as ecotourism. Major focus of ecotourism is over socially responsible
travel, environmental sustainability, and personal growth. Ecotourism is majorly involved in
those areas where engagement of flora, fauna and cultural heritage are primary attractions.
People who love to experience nature and peace; ecotourism is the most appropriate option for
them (Weaver, 2014).
Apart from ecotourism, there is a wildlife tourism which is also a part of tourism industry.
Attractions to these places are local animals, plant life and natural habitats. Wildlife tourism also
includes eco as well as animal-friendly tourism. Safari-hunting and high intervention activities
are also act as the part of wildlife tourism. Major attraction for this tourism is direct interaction
with wild animals in their natural habitats.
Wildlife tourism acts a significant part in the overall tourism industry and in recent years,
dramatic and rapid growth has been recognised in this wildlife tourism industry. Various
elements under this tourism industry are aligned with the eco-tourism and sustainable tourism
(Smith, 2015).

Impact of Travel and Tourism 5
Akaroa is a small town in New Zealand on the banks of Peninsula and it is the most prominent
volcanic feature of the South Island of New Zealand. Major attractions of this small town are
Pohatu Penguins, Akaroa Fox Ii Sailing and Wildlife Tours, Alpaca Farm Tours, Black Cat
Cruises, etc. All these activities are popular for providing wildlife viewing, real sailing
experience, etc. Alpaca Farm Tours is known for scenic drive to the Western-side of Akaroa
Harbour to Shamarra Alpaca Farm. This park introduces with animals (Akaroa District
Promotions, 2015). Apart from this, there is lot to do in Akaroa to stay busy for some days.
Akaroa waters are home for smallest and rarest marine dolphin. Wide range of accommodation is
available in Akaroa and this makes the experience of tourist more leisured and provides the
facility to them to explore little paradise (Richards & Munsters, 2010). Apart from eco-tourism
and wildlife tourism, next post will discuss over event induced tourism and adventure tourism.
Both these sectors plays vital role in the success and growth of overall tourism industry.
Positive impact
 Ecotourism is majorly involved in those areas where engagement of flora, fauna and
cultural heritage are primary attractions.
 Major attraction for this tourism is direct interaction with wild animals in their natural
habitats.
 Wild life and eco-tourism is being a multi-million dollar international tourism industry
and are often characterised by providing customised safaris and tour packages allows
close access to wildlife.
Negative impact
 Impactful weather conditions, unexpected activities such as terrorism, etc. could wreak
havoc on region.
 Akaroa is mainly dependent over tourism industry and in off season when numbers of
visitors are less, it makes difficult for local people.
Wild life tourism and eco-tourism are two crucial elements of overall tourism industry and the
market share of these tourism types is increasing rapidly. This type of tourism is beneficial for
travelling and leisured purpose.

Impact of Travel and Tourism 6
Event induced tourism and Adventure tourism in Auckland, New Zealand
Adventure tourism is included in niche tourism. Under adventure tourism, certain level of risk is
involved while exploring or travelling. Major activities involved in this tourism are exploring
new places, difficult road trips, exciting hill camping, etc. Demand and market share of
adventure tourism has been increased wisely in recent periods. According to Adventure Travel
Trade Association, U.S., any activity which involves a physical activity, cultural exchange and
connection with nature are referred to as the part of adventure tourism. Adventure tourism is not
a common activity and adventure tourists have a certain type of motivation to satisfy their needs
by exploring new places. Stepping out from the comfort zone to attain something is a part of
adventure tourism. River rafting, mountain climbing, etc. are certain crucial activities of
adventure tourism. Worldwide interest in adventure travel is much increased due to access in
inexpensive consumer technology, social networking and photography (Cuccia & Rizzo, 2011).
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand and also known for being the main transport hub. It
is home for 1.5 million people and is one of the largest Polynesian cities across the globe.
Beautiful beaches, hiking trails, are some of the major attractions for the city. Around Auckland
City, number of adventurous experiences exists which makes the full region of things to do and
see. This attracts the tourists in Auckland feel relished and unique experience (Ioppolo, Saija &
Salomone, 2013).
Event tourism is known as significant sector of global economy as well as a field of study. A
special event conducted at a particular destination which attracts tourists is a part of event
tourism. Live concerts, shows, cultural festivals are certain crucial part of event tourism. ASB
Classic, St Jerome’s Laneway Festival, Tamaki Herenga Waka Festival, Takapuna Beach Cup,
Auckland pride Festival, etc. some of the attractive events conducted at Auckland, New Zealand.
Amongst these festivals and events, Auckland Pride Festival is one of the major festivals which
held in every year in the month of February. This is a two week festival which brings array of
events including cabaret, visual arts, music, installations, film, literature and music (Auckland
Tourism, Events and Economic Development, 2018). People come across the globe for attending
this festival. This was started in 2013 and it is one of the largest Pride Festival. In this festival,
Parade is executed which is quite similar to the Hero Parade and it always situated on Ponsonby

Impact of Travel and Tourism 7
Road, Auckland. This year it was the sixth year for this festival and almost 80 events were
conducted in this festival along with 70 floats in the Parade. These are some of the attractions
which attract tourists from different parts of the globe (Techera & Klein, 2013). Apart from this,
next part will focus over measures which could be taken to attract tourists from other countries
with respect to enhance tourism and travel’s market share.
Positive impact
 Exploring new places, difficult road trips, exciting hill camping, etc. are major attractions
in adventure tourism
 No maintenance cost is required attracting tourists
 Natural attractions such as Beautiful beaches, hiking trails, are some of the major
attractions for Auckland in relation with adventure tourism
Negative impact
 Level of risk is high in adventure tourism
 Adventure tourism have a negative impact over natural habitats
 Event tourism increases noise pollution
 Due to large number of visitors to attend particular event, local lives gets affected.
Event induced tourism and adventure tourism in Auckland will be more beneficial for business,
travel and leisure visitors.
What should be done to attract tourists from the rest of the countries?
In order to attract tourists from various parts of the globe, host place needs to focus on several
crucial aspects which could result in attracting tourists in large number. It is not necessary that
only big and famous destinations attract tourists, recently small places irrespective of being rural
or urban areas, have gained more attraction in comparison with other big places. Following are
certain significant steps through which number of visitors could be increased:
 Connect with agents: Building partnership with the travel agents could significantly
impact over the number of travellers. Travelling agents are located describe attractions

Impact of Travel and Tourism 8
for the particular city and with the help of this, tourists could easily be attracted towards
particular destination (Ballantyne, Packer & Falk, 2011).
 Utilisation of website: Internet and mobile are being necessity rather being a luxury in
today’s life. Visitors in all age groups and from all places are more reliable on mobile
devices and tablets in order to search the places to visit. In order to attract them towards
the destination, tourist department should promote their destination by showcasing the
unique features over their website. Along with this, tourism department of the particular
place could enhance the efficiency of their website so that visitors could book tickets,
hotels and other things over mobile. Mobile booking have been increased with a great
rate in recent years and according to a research, great hike has been observed in
discovering new places and booking over mobile devices and tablets. To enhance the
travel market, tourism department could make its website unique and attractive with the
objective of attracting large number of tourists (Ballantyne, Packer & Sutherland,
2011).
 Video marketing: Video marketing is a trending marketing strategy in tourism
industry. Video marketing covers all the attractions of the particular place along with
showcasing the accommodation facilities, adventurous things to do in the particular
place, culture, etc. This helps the destination to attract the tourists from across the globe
which fulfils the objectives of particular place. For example: Dubai Tourism has
recently launched its marketing video over social marketing and other platforms. For
making the video more effective and efficient, they have collaborated with Shahrukh
Khan (Indian Actor) in order to attract travellers from rest of the world to Dubai. Apart
from this, New Zealand and Australian Tourism have collaborated with Parineeti
Chopra (Indian Actress) and Siddharth Malhotra (Indian Actor) to promote their
tourism across the globe with the objective of attracting tourists from rest of the
countries (Getz, 2013).
 Chatbots for booking experience: Chatbots plays crucial role in the online marketing
strategies. This tool helps the tourism department get connected with site visitors to get
the latest information in real-time. Through chatbot, visitors could ask anything to get
an instant reply. Chatbots acts as an effective communication tool which has developed
their reliability over time and time in order to enhance the customer loyalty and brand

Impact of Travel and Tourism 9
recognition. Chatbots can provide information about the destination as well, which can
help in increasing the number of people who visit the particular destination on an
annual basis (Buckley, 2011).
Any other methods how the tourism organisations in ROME can lower the negative impact
on the city by the increase in tourist?
Italian Federation of Travel & Tourism Associations (FIAVET) is the main authority of tourism
sector in ROME. It is responsible for attracting tourists from various parts of the globe along
with maximising the returns from this industry. Tourism industry’s contribution towards
economy is very high, thus, it is necessary for the association to adopt certain measures in order
to enhance the efficiency of the destination along with minimising the negative impacts over the
destination (Beedie, 2012).
Rome is one of the finest and significant tourist destinations across the globe. Large number
tourists lead to generate huge negative as well as positive impacts over the city. Whole Italy is
facing major environmental issues such as air pollution due to transportation and industrial
sources, acid rain, polluted inland waters, disposal programs, etc. According to U.N World
Tourism Organization, over 1 billion people have crossed the international boarders for the first
time and projections are almost double to 1.8 billion tourists by 2030.
Visitors from various countries in Rome leads to several negative impacts over the city such as
pollution, traffic, wastages of natural resources, over conisation of resources, etc. In order to
reduce the impact of these negative impacts, tourist’s organizations in Rome have taken
following steps:
 Awareness: Tourist organization in Rome has adopted latest digital marketing strategies
to spread awareness amongst the local public as well as amongst the tourists. As Rome is
one of the famous cities in terms of visiting, thus, it is necessary for the organization to
maintain the historical monuments and other attractions clean and attractive for longer
period. For the same objective, they have initiated campaigns to maintain the cleanliness
of the city.

Impact of Travel and Tourism 10
 Penalty: Apart from spreading awareness, tourist organizations have also started
imposing penalties over visitors as well as over local public who did not adhere to the
policies made by the tourism federation of Italy (Fourie & Santana-Gallego, 2011).
 Promote Local public: Tourism sector plays vital role in enhancing economic conditions
and in improving quality of life of local public. Thus, to promote tourism, tourist
organizations have collaborated with local public, organizations and other communities
to support tourism as well as respect tourists. This will also help the local public because
it will boost up their sales and revenues and it will lead to enhance repeat visitation by
tourists in Rome.
Conclusion
From the aforesaid information, it can be concluded that tourism has a significant role in
uplifting host place’s economic conditions as well as improving quality of life of local public. In
this report, various aspects of tourism have been discussed. Along with this, certain crucial
categories of tourism have also been discussed. Tourism industry helps the host country/place to
improve its financial conditions, promotes development. With the help of increased financial
conditions, poaching power of local public enhances. It also leads to improve environmental
management and planning. New employment opportunities, building new infrastructures and
building, etc. are also result of tourism development.
References
Akaroa District Promotions. (2015). Akaroa & The Bays. [Online]. Accessed from:
http://akaroa.com/. [2nd May 2018].
Ashworth, G., & Goodall, B. (2013). Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The
promotion of destination regions. Routledge.
Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development. (2018). Annual Events. [Online].
Accessed from: https://www.aucklandnz.com/visit/events/annual-events. [2nd May 2018].

Impact of Travel and Tourism 11
Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Falk, J. (2011). Visitors’ learning for environmental sustainability:
Testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural
equation modelling. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1243-1252.
Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Sutherland, L. A. (2011). Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism:
Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism
Management, 32(4), 770-779.
Beedie, P. (2012). Adventure tourism. In Sport and adventure tourism (pp. 228-265). Routledge.
Buckley, R. (2011). Adventure tourism management. Routledge.
Cuccia, T., & Rizzo, I. (2011). Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence
from Sicily. Tourism Management, 32(3), 589-595.
Fourie, J., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2011). The impact of mega-sport events on tourist
arrivals. Tourism management, 32(6), 1364-1370.
Getz, D. (2013). Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Cognizant
Communication Corporation.
Ioppolo, G., Saija, G., & Salomone, R. (2013). From coastal management to environmental
management: The sustainable eco-tourism program for the mid-western coast of Sardinia
(Italy). Land Use Policy, 31, 460-471.
Látková, P., & Vogt, C. A. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism
development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50-67.
Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism
development. Tourism management, 34, 37-46.
Marson, D. (2011). From mass tourism to niche tourism. Research themes for tourism, 1-11.
New Zealand Tourism Guide. (2018). Akaroa and Banks Peninsula Eco, Nature and Wildlife
Tours. [Online]. Accessed from:
http://www.tourism.net.nz/region/christchurch/christchurch---akaroa-and-banks-
peninsula/tours/eco-and-nature-tours. [2nd May 2018].

Impact of Travel and Tourism 12
Richards, G., & Munsters, W. (Eds.). (2010). Cultural tourism research methods. Cabi.
Smith, M. K. (2015). Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge.
Superb India Tours. (2017). Culture of Varanasi. [Online]. Accessed from:
http://www.superbindiatours.com/varanasi-tourism/culture-of-varanasi-uttar-pradesh-
india.aspx. [2nd May 2018].
Techera, E. J., & Klein, N. (2013). The role of law in shark-based eco-tourism: lessons from
Australia. Marine Policy, 39, 21-28.
Varanasi City. (2018). Varanasi Tourism. [Online]. Accessed from:
https://www.varanasicity.com/. [2nd May 2018].
Weaver, D. B. (2014). Asymmetrical dialectics of sustainable tourism: Toward enlightened mass
tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 53(2), 131-140.