Impact of Victimisation on People and Criminal Justice System

Victimisation in past history and early criminal justice
Before discussing impact of victimisation or crimes on people, it is important to
understand the actual meaning of crime. In this regard, it can be said that it refers an action that
is being done by an individual that is against the law of country. Any act that can hurt others and
are prohibited to do. In week 11, impact of crimes has been discussed. In this week, effect of
crime on community and third person has been discussed. Neighbourhoods are collection of
individual residents. It is characterised by low socioeconomic status and residential stability.
Crimes affect the whole community and neighbourhood along with the primary victim. For
example: kidnapper kidnap a girl of one rich family that lives in a posh area ( Mulder, Pemberton
and Vingerhoets, 2020). Kidnapper demands for money and threaten her family that if they do
not give demanded money then they will kill her daughter. This crime affects that girl and her
family. But along with this, this crime will affect the whole community and neighbours of that
family as they will also frighten with this act. They will not allow their children to go out lonely
and it will increase fear among them. So, on the basis and characteristics, discussed in week 11,
it can be said that victimisation has great impact on people other than primary victims.
In week 10, some ways have been shown that can help us out in knowing actual impacts of
crimes. Survey can be done with victims of crimes and societies where crimes have happened. It
affects family members and close relatives of primary victim of crimes. Fear of crimes is one of
the main impact that crimes have on people other than primary victims. It changes their
behaviours towards others. People do not trust anyone when crimes happen with their closed
ones and members in their societies. It affects females to the great extent as due to fear of
kidnapping and other crimes, their parents do not allow them to go outside (Fissel and Reyns,

2020). They have to suffer a lot. So, in this regard, it can be said that crimes affect everyone to
the great extent.
Early academic study of crime victims or repeated victimisation
There are number of crimes that happen more than once and twice. The reason behind
repeated crimes is poor implementation of laws and regulations. Lack of strict punishments.
There are some examples of crimes or victimisation that occur more than once include: theft,
theft from vehicle, assault, theft of vehicle and others. For all these types of crimes, there is poor
regulations and lack of strict regulations. Criminals know police caught them then they will be
bailed easily with some amount of penalty and 5-10 days of imprisonment.
Repeat or multiple victimisation: Week 8 has discussed main terms that define repeat
victimisation. it is all about same offence that happen soon after one offence. When one person
suffers more than one criminal act over a short period of time then it is also known as repeat
victimisation. Some authors say that it is all about bad luck when one person gets affected again
and again with crimes. In US there are 5.9% of young people who become repeated thefts
(Brown, Sanci and Hegarty, 2021)
Secondary victimisation: Week 7 has discussed definition of secondary victimisation.
When crimes affect more people than the direct victim then it is known as secondary
victimisation. It is also known as indirect victimisation. Fear of crimes is the main type of
secondary victimisation. People get affected when they hear about someone who has been
victimised directly. It affects people emotionally and sometimes it may have severe effect on
their mental health. overall, it can be said that victimisation has number of negative impacts on
victims and other than victims.

Re-Victimisation: When victimisation or crimes lead severe or additional trauma to victim
then it is called victimisation. It is also connected with repeat victimisation. Sexual abuse is the
main type of repeat victimisation. Child abuse is also considered as re victimisation that leads
mental health issues among children. Australian study outlined in an article stated that the main
disturbing side effect of child sexual abuse is an increased likelihood the survivor will be abused
again in life.
Event dependence: It refers behavioural changes that happens in victims of crimes. After
crimes and getting affected from crimes, direct victims become vulnerable and it is known as
event dependence. There are number of crimes that happens on repeated manner such as
discrimination, assault with females, theft and others (Kavemann and et.al., 2018). Drug usages
and committing crimes in unconscious manner alters behaviour. It increases stress among them.
The emotional and practical problems common among crime victims and the fear of crime
On the basis of reading of week 7, it can be said that there is close relationship between
crime and fear of crime. Fear of crime can be discussed as an emotional response to crime,
feeling of security and others (Dinisman and Moroz, 2017). When crimes happen in society and
at any place then it increases fear among people of that area. For knowing both emotional and
practical problems of crimes, it is important to know different types of crimes that happen often
and affect people to the great extent.
Domestic violence: Domestic violence is the type of crime from which majority of people
get affected. It can be defined as violence or threats in an intimate relation. Financial control,
abusive behaviour to partners. There are some community services that help victims of domestic
violence and help them out.