Impact of Covid-19 on Education - Bangladesh case study
Added on 2022-04-04
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1
University of Dhaka
Department of International Business
International Economics
Course Code: IB-301
Submitted To
Dr. Md. Kamal Uddin
Professor
Department of International Business
University of Dhaka
Submitted By
Tanzia Sultana Munny
ID-RH-030-022
Section -B
Session -2017-18
Department of International Business
Faculty of Business Studies
Date of Submission: 02.09.2020
University of Dhaka
Department of International Business
International Economics
Course Code: IB-301
Submitted To
Dr. Md. Kamal Uddin
Professor
Department of International Business
University of Dhaka
Submitted By
Tanzia Sultana Munny
ID-RH-030-022
Section -B
Session -2017-18
Department of International Business
Faculty of Business Studies
Date of Submission: 02.09.2020
2
September 2, 2020
Md. Kamal Uddin
Professor
Department of International Business, University
of Dhaka.
Subject: Submission of report on ‘Impacts on Education of Bangladesh due to Covid-19’.
Sir,
With due honor , I would like to inform you that it was a matter of great pleasure as well as
learning to prepare report on ‘Impacts on Education of Bangladesh due to Covid-19’. To
prepare this report, I have collected studies and material in due time and analyzed these and
eventually finalize the report.
So, I would be highly obliged if you kindly accept the content of the report. Though I have put my
best effort so, I hope that the report will be worthy of your consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Tanzia Sultana Munny
ID-RH-030-022,
Department of International Business,
University of Dhaka.
September 2, 2020
Md. Kamal Uddin
Professor
Department of International Business, University
of Dhaka.
Subject: Submission of report on ‘Impacts on Education of Bangladesh due to Covid-19’.
Sir,
With due honor , I would like to inform you that it was a matter of great pleasure as well as
learning to prepare report on ‘Impacts on Education of Bangladesh due to Covid-19’. To
prepare this report, I have collected studies and material in due time and analyzed these and
eventually finalize the report.
So, I would be highly obliged if you kindly accept the content of the report. Though I have put my
best effort so, I hope that the report will be worthy of your consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Tanzia Sultana Munny
ID-RH-030-022,
Department of International Business,
University of Dhaka.
3
Executive Summary
Education is a fundamental human right and it is the bedrock of just, equal and inclusive
societies and a main driver of sustainable development. To prevent a preexisting learning crisis
from turning into a learning catastrophe, governments and the international community must
step up, the policy brief said. The responses Bangladesh made to COVID-19 in general were
chaotic, uncoordinated and unorganized, to say the least (see, here). Responses that were
directed towards the education sector amid the pandemic conveniently kept pace with that
chaos. Once national or local outbreaks of the virus are under control, governments must look
to reopen schools safely, listening to the voices of key stakeholders and coordinating with
relevant actors, including the health community. The gap in education financing globally could
increase by 30 percent because of the crisis. The policy brief said governments need to protect
education financing in national budgets, in international development assistance and through
greater cooperation on debt. To cope better with future crises, governments should strengthen
the resilience of education systems by placing a strong focus on equity and inclusion; and on
reinforce capacities for risk management. Failure to do so poses major risks to international
peace and stability, it said. The transformation of education systems has been stimulated and
reinforced in many countries during the pandemic: innovative solutions for learning and
teaching continuity have flourished. Responses have also highlighted major divides, beginning
with the digital one. It is time to reimagine education and accelerate positive change, and ensure
that education systems are more flexible, equitable, and inclusive, said the policy brief.
Executive Summary
Education is a fundamental human right and it is the bedrock of just, equal and inclusive
societies and a main driver of sustainable development. To prevent a preexisting learning crisis
from turning into a learning catastrophe, governments and the international community must
step up, the policy brief said. The responses Bangladesh made to COVID-19 in general were
chaotic, uncoordinated and unorganized, to say the least (see, here). Responses that were
directed towards the education sector amid the pandemic conveniently kept pace with that
chaos. Once national or local outbreaks of the virus are under control, governments must look
to reopen schools safely, listening to the voices of key stakeholders and coordinating with
relevant actors, including the health community. The gap in education financing globally could
increase by 30 percent because of the crisis. The policy brief said governments need to protect
education financing in national budgets, in international development assistance and through
greater cooperation on debt. To cope better with future crises, governments should strengthen
the resilience of education systems by placing a strong focus on equity and inclusion; and on
reinforce capacities for risk management. Failure to do so poses major risks to international
peace and stability, it said. The transformation of education systems has been stimulated and
reinforced in many countries during the pandemic: innovative solutions for learning and
teaching continuity have flourished. Responses have also highlighted major divides, beginning
with the digital one. It is time to reimagine education and accelerate positive change, and ensure
that education systems are more flexible, equitable, and inclusive, said the policy brief.
4
Table of Contents
No Name of Topics Page
Number
1 Introduction 5
2 Scope of the Analysis 6
3 Objective of the Report 6
4 Methodology 7
5 Limitations 7
6 Covid-19 and Its’ Origin 8
7 Education System in Bangladesh 13
8 Education System after COVID-19 16
9 Continuing Classes during Pandemic 19
10 Compliance with the Right to Education during
COVID-19
20
11 Domestic Enforcement of the Right to Education in
Bangladesh
21
12 Online Education and the challenges 22
13 Annex: Primary Data Findings on Education 24
14 Survey Measures the Expected Impacts of COVID-19
Across Education Sectors
27
15 Recommendation 28
16 Conclusions 30
Table of Contents
No Name of Topics Page
Number
1 Introduction 5
2 Scope of the Analysis 6
3 Objective of the Report 6
4 Methodology 7
5 Limitations 7
6 Covid-19 and Its’ Origin 8
7 Education System in Bangladesh 13
8 Education System after COVID-19 16
9 Continuing Classes during Pandemic 19
10 Compliance with the Right to Education during
COVID-19
20
11 Domestic Enforcement of the Right to Education in
Bangladesh
21
12 Online Education and the challenges 22
13 Annex: Primary Data Findings on Education 24
14 Survey Measures the Expected Impacts of COVID-19
Across Education Sectors
27
15 Recommendation 28
16 Conclusions 30
5
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019. The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh in March 2020. The first
three known cases were reported on 8 March 2020. Since then, the pandemic has spread day
by day over the whole nation and the number of affected people has been rising. In order to
protect the population, the government declared "lockdown" throughout the nation from 23
March to 30 May and prepared some necessary steps to spread awareness to keep this syndrome
away from them. Infections remained low until the end of March but saw a steep rise in April.
In April, new cases in Bangladesh grew by 1,155 percent, the highest in Asia, ahead of
Indonesia, with 186 percent. On 6 May, cases were confirmed in all districts. Bangladesh is the
second most affected country in South Asia after India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected
educational systems worldwide, leading to the near-total closures of schools, universities and
colleges. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions
in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. Bangladesh has approximately 200,000
educational institutions across the country and over 40 million students. Bangladesh closed all
of its educational institutions in order to reduce the spread of COVID-19. The government
announced all schools would be closed for the remainder of March. Dhaka University began
online classes in July 2020 as have many other universities and schools. Experts and students
have voiced concerns about accessibility to online classes for many students in Bangladesh;
with poorer students, particularly in rural areas, lacking the devices and internet connectivity
to participate in their classes. Some education experts wanted all the educational institutions of
Bangladesh closed until November. Others wanted all the educational institutions in the
country to reopen by October. The education experts said that all of the educational institutions
in Bangladesh will reopen only either if the maximum growth rate of infections is 2% or if the
minimum doubling period of infections is 30 days. As of 27 July 2020, approximately 1.725
billion learners are currently affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic.
According to UNICEF monitoring, 106 countries are currently implementing nationwide
closures and 55 are implementing local closures, impacting about 98.6 percent of the world's
student population. 48 countries' schools are currently open. Millions of students are expected
to defer the start of their studies for their undergraduate degree to a later year due to the
pandemic.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019. The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh in March 2020. The first
three known cases were reported on 8 March 2020. Since then, the pandemic has spread day
by day over the whole nation and the number of affected people has been rising. In order to
protect the population, the government declared "lockdown" throughout the nation from 23
March to 30 May and prepared some necessary steps to spread awareness to keep this syndrome
away from them. Infections remained low until the end of March but saw a steep rise in April.
In April, new cases in Bangladesh grew by 1,155 percent, the highest in Asia, ahead of
Indonesia, with 186 percent. On 6 May, cases were confirmed in all districts. Bangladesh is the
second most affected country in South Asia after India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected
educational systems worldwide, leading to the near-total closures of schools, universities and
colleges. Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions
in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. Bangladesh has approximately 200,000
educational institutions across the country and over 40 million students. Bangladesh closed all
of its educational institutions in order to reduce the spread of COVID-19. The government
announced all schools would be closed for the remainder of March. Dhaka University began
online classes in July 2020 as have many other universities and schools. Experts and students
have voiced concerns about accessibility to online classes for many students in Bangladesh;
with poorer students, particularly in rural areas, lacking the devices and internet connectivity
to participate in their classes. Some education experts wanted all the educational institutions of
Bangladesh closed until November. Others wanted all the educational institutions in the
country to reopen by October. The education experts said that all of the educational institutions
in Bangladesh will reopen only either if the maximum growth rate of infections is 2% or if the
minimum doubling period of infections is 30 days. As of 27 July 2020, approximately 1.725
billion learners are currently affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic.
According to UNICEF monitoring, 106 countries are currently implementing nationwide
closures and 55 are implementing local closures, impacting about 98.6 percent of the world's
student population. 48 countries' schools are currently open. Millions of students are expected
to defer the start of their studies for their undergraduate degree to a later year due to the
pandemic.
6
Scope of the Analysis
It was our great pleasure that during the time of preparing this report, we got cooperation to
discuss the impact of education sector of Bangladesh during this pandemic COVID19. So, the
scope of the report making was vast from my end. As students, we got every kind of facility to
study and work on it as well as got an extensive discussion with my team mate made it easier
for me to lead to an effective conclusion.
Objective of the Report
• There have some objectives of this report to gather an overall idea the effects of
education sector of this pandemic.
• To identify the difficulties the students are facing for this type of disease.
• To identify steps the government should take if this disease remain for a long while.
• To understand the practical scenario of network in our rural areas for which online
based tutoring is not the only way to continue.
• To identify the challenges and threats of the COVID 19 impact on our lives.
Methodology
This report cannot produce any quantitative estimate of the future as virus has not vanquished
yet in Bangladesh. Therefore it aims to deliver a comprehensive and indicative overview on
the observed and the possible impacts that could emerge in the coming days. The study is
designed on the basis of secondary information. The available information is limited and it is
difficult to find publications that only show how the coronavirus outbreak impacts the
education sector of Bangladesh. To have a better understanding, we collected the information
from materials published so far by different media outlets, think tanks, research agencies,
policy and newspapers. Besides this, the internet has been used as another source of
information. The main attempt of this study is to summarize the literature about pandemic and
its impact on education sector in Bangladesh.
Scope of the Analysis
It was our great pleasure that during the time of preparing this report, we got cooperation to
discuss the impact of education sector of Bangladesh during this pandemic COVID19. So, the
scope of the report making was vast from my end. As students, we got every kind of facility to
study and work on it as well as got an extensive discussion with my team mate made it easier
for me to lead to an effective conclusion.
Objective of the Report
• There have some objectives of this report to gather an overall idea the effects of
education sector of this pandemic.
• To identify the difficulties the students are facing for this type of disease.
• To identify steps the government should take if this disease remain for a long while.
• To understand the practical scenario of network in our rural areas for which online
based tutoring is not the only way to continue.
• To identify the challenges and threats of the COVID 19 impact on our lives.
Methodology
This report cannot produce any quantitative estimate of the future as virus has not vanquished
yet in Bangladesh. Therefore it aims to deliver a comprehensive and indicative overview on
the observed and the possible impacts that could emerge in the coming days. The study is
designed on the basis of secondary information. The available information is limited and it is
difficult to find publications that only show how the coronavirus outbreak impacts the
education sector of Bangladesh. To have a better understanding, we collected the information
from materials published so far by different media outlets, think tanks, research agencies,
policy and newspapers. Besides this, the internet has been used as another source of
information. The main attempt of this study is to summarize the literature about pandemic and
its impact on education sector in Bangladesh.
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