Case Study - Impact on Employee Engagement
Added on 2022-03-29
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An Analysis on the Application of Motivational Theories at
Workplace and the Impact on Employee Engagement: A Study of
Tesco Ireland
By
AYOOLA PHYBEAN FADEYI
Master Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirement for Master of Art in Human
Resource Management
National College of Ireland
August 2020.
An Analysis on the Application of Motivational Theories at
Workplace and the Impact on Employee Engagement: A Study of
Tesco Ireland
By
AYOOLA PHYBEAN FADEYI
Master Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirement for Master of Art in Human
Resource Management
National College of Ireland
August 2020.
ii
Abstract
This study will analyse the application of motivational theories at the workplace and the impact
on employee engagement, a study of Tesco, Ireland. In this study, the quantitative study will
be selected to gather reliable data and the study will focus on Tesco, Ireland. For quantitative
data analysis in this study, the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software,
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics will be utilized for the study. The inferential
statistics that will be employed in this study is regression analysis which allows the researcher
to examine the level of connection between motivation at workplace and employee engagement
in Tesco, Ireland. Based on the data analysis and findings, the result reveals that there is a
strong connection between the application of motivational theories at the workplace and the
impact on employee engagement. The study reveals that when one element of employees’
motivation is lacking, it has a wave of implication on employees’ engagement and productivity.
Also, this study reveals that employees could contribute to their workplace and still not be
fulfilled and motivated being monetarily encouraged. This study concluded that motivation of
employees either intrinsic or extrinsic possesses a vital result and it gives a direction on the
level of employee engagement and productivity in an organization. Also, the study
recommended that organizations should periodically review reward and benefits (financial and
non-financial) of employees as this might boost employees’ motivation in the organization.
Abstract
This study will analyse the application of motivational theories at the workplace and the impact
on employee engagement, a study of Tesco, Ireland. In this study, the quantitative study will
be selected to gather reliable data and the study will focus on Tesco, Ireland. For quantitative
data analysis in this study, the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software,
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics will be utilized for the study. The inferential
statistics that will be employed in this study is regression analysis which allows the researcher
to examine the level of connection between motivation at workplace and employee engagement
in Tesco, Ireland. Based on the data analysis and findings, the result reveals that there is a
strong connection between the application of motivational theories at the workplace and the
impact on employee engagement. The study reveals that when one element of employees’
motivation is lacking, it has a wave of implication on employees’ engagement and productivity.
Also, this study reveals that employees could contribute to their workplace and still not be
fulfilled and motivated being monetarily encouraged. This study concluded that motivation of
employees either intrinsic or extrinsic possesses a vital result and it gives a direction on the
level of employee engagement and productivity in an organization. Also, the study
recommended that organizations should periodically review reward and benefits (financial and
non-financial) of employees as this might boost employees’ motivation in the organization.
iii
National College of Ireland
Research Students Declaration Form
(Thesis/Author Declaration Form)
Name: Ayoola Phybean Fadeyi
Student Number: 18179304
Degree for which thesis is submitted: MA in Human Resource
Management
Title of Thesis: An Analysis on the Application of Motivational Theories at
Workplace and the Impact on Employee Engagement: A Study of Tesco
Ireland
Date: 19/08/2020
Material submitted for award
A. I declare that this work submitted has been composed by myself.
B. I declare that all verbatim extracts contained in the thesis have been
distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of information
specifically acknowledged.
C. I agree to my thesis being deposited in the NCI Library online
open access repository NORMA.
D. Either *I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been
used in any other submission for an academic award.
Or *I declare that the following material contained in the thesis
formed part of a submission for the award of
____________________________________________________
(State the award and the awarding body and list the material below)
Ayoola Phybean Fadeyi
18/08/2020
National College of Ireland
Research Students Declaration Form
(Thesis/Author Declaration Form)
Name: Ayoola Phybean Fadeyi
Student Number: 18179304
Degree for which thesis is submitted: MA in Human Resource
Management
Title of Thesis: An Analysis on the Application of Motivational Theories at
Workplace and the Impact on Employee Engagement: A Study of Tesco
Ireland
Date: 19/08/2020
Material submitted for award
A. I declare that this work submitted has been composed by myself.
B. I declare that all verbatim extracts contained in the thesis have been
distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of information
specifically acknowledged.
C. I agree to my thesis being deposited in the NCI Library online
open access repository NORMA.
D. Either *I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been
used in any other submission for an academic award.
Or *I declare that the following material contained in the thesis
formed part of a submission for the award of
____________________________________________________
(State the award and the awarding body and list the material below)
Ayoola Phybean Fadeyi
18/08/2020
iv
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my gratitude to Abba Father, the Most High God who has been my strength
and inspiration all through my time at the National College of Ireland.
I express my gratitude to my wonderful parents; Pst Olukunle and Mrs Helen Fadeyi for their
prayers and support, and to my sister, her husband and her lovely kids
I also wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor; Elaine Rossiter for her guidance,
support and time she provided through the course of completing this research work.
I also want to appreciate all my friends especially David Inyany for his support.
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my gratitude to Abba Father, the Most High God who has been my strength
and inspiration all through my time at the National College of Ireland.
I express my gratitude to my wonderful parents; Pst Olukunle and Mrs Helen Fadeyi for their
prayers and support, and to my sister, her husband and her lovely kids
I also wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor; Elaine Rossiter for her guidance,
support and time she provided through the course of completing this research work.
I also want to appreciate all my friends especially David Inyany for his support.
v
Dedication
I hereby Dedicate this research work to the Most High God, My Parents and Myself.
Dedication
I hereby Dedicate this research work to the Most High God, My Parents and Myself.
vi
Table of Contents
Title page...................................................................................................i
Abstract.....................................................................................................ii
Research Students Declaration Form.......................................................... ........iii
Acknowledgement........................................................................................iv
Dedication..................................................................................................v
Table of Contents.........................................................................................vi
List of Tables.............................................................................................. vii
Lists of Figures and Charts.................. ...........................................................ix
Chapter one.................................................................................................1
Introduction..................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Research Project .......................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Background .............................................................................................. 1
1.3 Statement of Purpose ............................................................................................... 2
1.4 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................... 3
1.5 Research Aim and Objectives ................................................................................... 4
1.6 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 5
1.7 Dissertation Structure............................................................................................... 5
1.8 Research Approach.................................................................................................. 6
Chapter Two: Literature Review ........................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Concept of Motivation....................................................................................... 7
2.3 The Concept of Employee Engagement ..................................................................... 7
2.4 Motivation and Employee Engagement...................................................................... 8
2.5 The Impact of Financial Motivation on Employee Engagement .................................... 8
2.6 Impact of Non-financial Motivation on Employee Engagement .................................... 9
2.7 The Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory to Employee Engagement.... 10
2.8 The Application of Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory to Employee Engagement ............. 13
2.9 The Application of Vroom’s (1964) Expectancy Theory to Employee Engagement ...... 15
2.10 The Application of Adam’s Equity Theory (1963) to Employee Engagement............. 17
2.11 Porter-Lawler Model (1968) of Work Motivation for Employee Engagement............. 18
Chapter Three ..................................................................................................................... 21
Research Methodology........................................................................................................ 21
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Research philosophy .............................................................................................. 22
Table of Contents
Title page...................................................................................................i
Abstract.....................................................................................................ii
Research Students Declaration Form.......................................................... ........iii
Acknowledgement........................................................................................iv
Dedication..................................................................................................v
Table of Contents.........................................................................................vi
List of Tables.............................................................................................. vii
Lists of Figures and Charts.................. ...........................................................ix
Chapter one.................................................................................................1
Introduction..................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Research Project .......................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Background .............................................................................................. 1
1.3 Statement of Purpose ............................................................................................... 2
1.4 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................... 3
1.5 Research Aim and Objectives ................................................................................... 4
1.6 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 5
1.7 Dissertation Structure............................................................................................... 5
1.8 Research Approach.................................................................................................. 6
Chapter Two: Literature Review ........................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Concept of Motivation....................................................................................... 7
2.3 The Concept of Employee Engagement ..................................................................... 7
2.4 Motivation and Employee Engagement...................................................................... 8
2.5 The Impact of Financial Motivation on Employee Engagement .................................... 8
2.6 Impact of Non-financial Motivation on Employee Engagement .................................... 9
2.7 The Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory to Employee Engagement.... 10
2.8 The Application of Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory to Employee Engagement ............. 13
2.9 The Application of Vroom’s (1964) Expectancy Theory to Employee Engagement ...... 15
2.10 The Application of Adam’s Equity Theory (1963) to Employee Engagement............. 17
2.11 Porter-Lawler Model (1968) of Work Motivation for Employee Engagement............. 18
Chapter Three ..................................................................................................................... 21
Research Methodology........................................................................................................ 21
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Research philosophy .............................................................................................. 22
vii
3.3 Research Approaches............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Research Design.................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Research Strategy.................................................................................................. 25
3.6 Data collection method .......................................................................................... 26
3.9 Data Analysis tools................................................................................................ 28
3.10 Ethical consideration............................................................................................ 29
3.11 Limitation of Research ......................................................................................... 29
3.12 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 30
Chapter Four ....................................................................................................................... 31
Data Analysis and Findings................................................................................................. 31
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Demography ......................................................................................................... 31
4.3 Motivation at Workplace 1 ..................................................................................... 33
4.4 Motivation at Workplace 2 ..................................................................................... 37
4.5 Motivation at Workplace 3 ..................................................................................... 39
4.6 Motivation at Workplace 4 ..................................................................................... 41
4.7 Employee Engagement........................................................................................... 43
4.8 Employee Motivation............................................................................................. 47
4.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 51
Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................................ 52
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Discussions ................................................................................................................... 52
Conclusion and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 58
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 58
6.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 58
6.3 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 59
6.4 Suggestions for Further Research .................................................................................. 60
6.5 Implication of Findings..............................................................................60
6.6 Personal Learning Statement.......................................................................60
References .......................................................................................................................... 62
Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 66
3.3 Research Approaches............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Research Design.................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Research Strategy.................................................................................................. 25
3.6 Data collection method .......................................................................................... 26
3.9 Data Analysis tools................................................................................................ 28
3.10 Ethical consideration............................................................................................ 29
3.11 Limitation of Research ......................................................................................... 29
3.12 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 30
Chapter Four ....................................................................................................................... 31
Data Analysis and Findings................................................................................................. 31
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Demography ......................................................................................................... 31
4.3 Motivation at Workplace 1 ..................................................................................... 33
4.4 Motivation at Workplace 2 ..................................................................................... 37
4.5 Motivation at Workplace 3 ..................................................................................... 39
4.6 Motivation at Workplace 4 ..................................................................................... 41
4.7 Employee Engagement........................................................................................... 43
4.8 Employee Motivation............................................................................................. 47
4.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 51
Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................................ 52
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Discussions ................................................................................................................... 52
Conclusion and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 58
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 58
6.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 58
6.3 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 59
6.4 Suggestions for Further Research .................................................................................. 60
6.5 Implication of Findings..............................................................................60
6.6 Personal Learning Statement.......................................................................60
References .......................................................................................................................... 62
Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 66
viii
List of Tables
Table 4.2.0 Statistics demography......................................................................32
Table 4.2.1 Frequency on gender, marital status, academic qualification........................33
Table 4.3.0 Motivation at Workplace 1...............................................................35
Tables 4.3.1 Are you Motivated in your workplace, is money part of what motivates you, you
feel fulfilled working in your company, do you feel inspired to give your best in your
workplace, Contributed to the goals of your organization..........................................35
Table 4.4.0 Motivation at Workplace 2...............................................................38
Table 4.5.0 Motivation at Workplace 3...............................................................40
Table 4.6.0 Motivation at Workplace 4................................................................42
Table 4.7.0 Employee Engagement, Correlations, anova, Coefficients...........................44
Table 4.8.0Employee Motivation, Correlations, Variables Entered/Removed, Model Summary,
anova, Coefficient........................................................................................48
List of Tables
Table 4.2.0 Statistics demography......................................................................32
Table 4.2.1 Frequency on gender, marital status, academic qualification........................33
Table 4.3.0 Motivation at Workplace 1...............................................................35
Tables 4.3.1 Are you Motivated in your workplace, is money part of what motivates you, you
feel fulfilled working in your company, do you feel inspired to give your best in your
workplace, Contributed to the goals of your organization..........................................35
Table 4.4.0 Motivation at Workplace 2...............................................................38
Table 4.5.0 Motivation at Workplace 3...............................................................40
Table 4.6.0 Motivation at Workplace 4................................................................42
Table 4.7.0 Employee Engagement, Correlations, anova, Coefficients...........................44
Table 4.8.0Employee Motivation, Correlations, Variables Entered/Removed, Model Summary,
anova, Coefficient........................................................................................48
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