[FULL ACCESS] Impact of Tsunami on Tourism in Indonesia

The report discusses how Indonesia was severely affected by a tsunami, with major tourist destinations being destroyed. The tourism sector faced significant losses due to lack of funds and fear among tourists about safety. However, over time, the industry has used this disaster as an opportunity to develop risk awareness and preparedness strategies.

Tsunami

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

MAIN BODY
Introduction:
The present report is about after effect tsunami left on Indonesia and tourism industry. In
present report a detail discussion of impact on tourism destination of Indonesia is done and it is
shown that how tsunami effected theses tourist cities, towns, islands etc and how they have
recovered over time. Along with this, the impact on business organisation which were engaged in
production of products related with tourism were also effected and same is presented in this
report.
Tsunami:
At 0058 GMT on 26th December 2004 an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude strikes coastal
areas off northern Sumatra in Indonesia Followed by this some more earthquake occurred and
this triggered tsunami causing massive flow of water from the oceans and this effected
neighbouring countries on Indonesia including India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Malaysia and
Thailand (Arce and et.al. 2017). East coast of Africa was also struck by Tsunami effecting
Yemen and Somalia. This caused severe destruction to coastal areas ans small islands.
All-over Effect of Tsunami in Indonesia:
The Sumatra Island and Indonesia were worst effected by the Tsunami as both them were
situated within range of 40 km from epicentre of earthquake. The effect of this was so huge that
ore than 1 million people were killed in this and also destroyed economy and environment of
both Sumatra and Indonesia (Hampton & Jeyacheya, 2015). The cities and towns in coastal areas
were severely damaged that includes industrial areas and ports.
More than 70 streams and rivers of that area destroyed or submerged or got
contaminated with salt water. Almost 30% of the farm land were effected in this disaster and our
of them 20% damage was permanent which can not be recovered at any cost.
Effect of Tsunami of tourist destinations:
With hit of tsunami at coastal areas,, many resort towns and tourist were casualties. Of
every 4000+ death or casualties almost 2500 were tourist, so this van be seen that large number
of tourist dies in Indonesia with hit of Tsunami. Damages to beach and resort on coastal areas
and high rate of tourist death there was a repaid decline in tourism industry in Indonesia. The
damages caused by this natural disaster estimated to $508 million. In Indonesia along number
of touris who died in Tsunami was 230000. for year 2005 turnover from tourism industry was
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5002 and it reduced to 4871 in 2006, in year 2007 it increased to 5506 and then it never saw a
downfall.
Aceh:
Ache is situated in northern Sumatra and it suffered massive and highest damages from
Tsunami as it was the nearest point from epicenter of the earth quack and tsunami landed over it.
This city was so hardly hit that it became difficult for it to build its economy again. After the
destruction was done by tsunami more crisis were waiting to come (Kurniawan and et.al,.2016).
It came in form of communicable diseases and dengue fever in month of February 2005. There
was a 40% reduction in number of tourist for year 2005. This also effected the economy of city
as well as whole country.
The city was destroyed to bottom and it was reestablished with help of locals,
governmental and outside support but tit faces a severe fall in tits tourism for two years after
tsunami hit. But with passing time concept of tsunami tourism has been developed in this city
and certain thing were not changed after tsunami and not they have become popular tourist
points.
Sumatra :
This was considered as most beautiful and popular island on Indonesia as tourist
destination and it was the nearest point form epicenter of the earthquake. It was badly destroyed
by tsunami. Almost 5km of land was submerged in Indian ocean after tsunami hit and it also
resulted in reduction in number of tourist (Suppasri, and et,al,. 2015). As it was year when this
disaster happened it was sure that tourism will be effected immediate but after 2-3 months,
spreading of dengue and communicable diseases in all these cities, tourist started to cancel there
brooking from all over the world with a fear of getting ill and destruction of tsunami.
The effect were massive for year 2005 as this was the year in which lesser tourism was
expected as impact of the disaster was immense to collect all the pieces and rebuilt the city
would have taken some time, hence for a period of 6 months nothing seems major but by end of
2005 and for whole of 2006 the fall stared to increase as people canceled all their booking as
they knew hotels and resorts were destroyed and also disease were spreading in the city.
Java:
Indonesia is country which is porn to earthquakes ans disasters but hit of tsunami was
the largest one and its impact can be seen today also, somewhere in positive way and at another
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places in negative ways. The places that were effected by tsunami in this city were the Buddhist
and ancient Hindu temple and Jalan Marlboro a street for shopping and eating, many famous
foods items of Indonesia are available this street (Towner & Orams, 2016). With the occurrence
of the earthquake these streets was destroyed and both temple wee though nothing was damaged
but have experienced tha reduction in number of pilgrimages.
The risk of blast from the Mount Bromo volcano become more imminent as with a earth
quack of 9.0 magnitude, a volcano would have become active and this factor lead to reduction in
tourist visits ot Java as a person want to visit almost all importance places of a tourist destination
and if he/she cants they drop the idea of visiting it.
Tourism industry:
Tourism product does not mean physical goods this is referred as physical and
psychological satisfaction it provides to a tourist during his/her travelling to a particular place or
destination. To determine the effect on various enterprises that deal with tourism product first
identification of sectors in involved in this industry is essential. The following are the sectors
belonging to tourism industry and impact of tsunami is elevated on these sectors:
Food and beverages: for a tourist first and foremost important thing is food and water
and the major destruction was done due to water only, what an irony of the nature, everywhere
water is there but drinking water was not available (CD risk assessement: DF, DHF and DSS in
Indonesia, February 2005, 2018). All flora and fauna was destroyed and with a disruption the
sea availability of sea food has also become difficult ,this sectors faces a huge loss for almost 1.5
years due to lack of tourism. As a major of source of earning for this sector is tourist as most of
them are always ready to try authentic and local dished from destination of their visit.
Transportation: with hit of tsunami road and water connectivity was lost and tourist
stuck there faces many problems and with this experience they left the country and this gave a
wrong impression about the tourism industry to outside people and lead to lost of major tourist.
Another factor that affected this sector was they have established their business from scratch and
this needed funds and that was not readily available and these lead to slower growth of this
sector and this also effected the tourism as they with non availability of transportation no one
wants to visit place.
Adventure, recreation tourism: this was the main sector which was mostly effected by
tsunami as this include adventure and with occurrence of the disaster a fear was built in mind of
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local as well as tourist about the safety of these recreational and adventure tourism such as –
natural includingbeaches, sea-bathing, possibilities of fishing, opportunities for climbing,
trekking, viewing, etc. all spot of for adventures were destroyed (South Asia earthquake and
tsunamis: Indonesia, 2018). There was no funds to start the business form beginning and
moreover new safer places were to be found out to restart the businesses.
Accommodation: Accommodation in itself is an essential tourist attraction and this was
with no proper availability of hotels and resorts no tourist would have come to visit a place.
Most of the tourist destination are islands and beaches in Indonesia and major resort were
destroyed with occurrence of tsunami. This was needed to be rebuilt but a fear was developed
among people about safety of the place and moreover funds were not available to rebuilt the
places.
Conclusion:
From the above report it can be concluded that Indonesia was most and worst effected
country by tsunami and reason behind this was that it was the nearest point from the epicenter of
the earthquake which initiated tsunami. Further it was also found out in this report that massive
impact faced bu tourism sector of the nation but with time they have used signs of this disaster
for good and now it has become a source of their living.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arce, R. S. C., and et.al. (2017). Risk awareness and intended tsunami evacuation behaviour of
international tourists in Kamakura City, Japan. International journal of disaster risk
reduction. 23. 178-192.
Hampton, M. P., & Jeyacheya, J. (2015). Power, ownership and tourism in small islands:
Evidence from Indonesia. World Development. 70. 481-495.
Kurniawan, F., and et.al,. (2016). Vulnerability assessment of small islands to tourism: The case
of the Marine Tourism Park of the Gili Matra Islands, Indonesia. Global ecology and
conservation. 6. 308-326.
Suppasri, A., and et,al,. (2015). A decade after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The progress in
disaster preparedness and future challenges in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the
Maldives. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 172(12). 3313-3341.
Towner, N., & Orams, M. (2016). Perceptions of surfing tourism operators regarding sustainable
tourism development in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism
Research. 21(11). 1258-1273.
Online
CD risk assessement: DF, DHF and DSS in Indonesia, February 2005. 2018 [Pdf]. Avaliable
through :<http://www.who.int/diseasecontrol_emergencies/guidelines/Dengue_ind_risk
%20assess.pdf?ua=1>.
South Asia earthquake and tsunamis: Indonesia. 2018 [Online]. Avaliable through
:<http://www.who.int/hac/crises/international/asia_tsunami/idn/en/>.
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