Globalization and Cultural Ecosystem Services

This assignment examines the complex relationship between globalization and cultural ecosystem services. It delves into how globalization influences aspects such as economic growth, political structures, income inequality, and environmental changes. The analysis considers the impact of these factors on cultural ecosystem services, drawing upon various academic sources and research findings.

Running Header: Globalization and natural resources development in Singapore 1
The impacts of globalization and natural resources development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 2
Project Title The impacts of globalization and natural resources development on the
Singapore communities.
Date of
application 30th September 2017
Short title The impacts of global developments on Singapore communities.
Project summary The broad objective of the project is to identify impacts of the
globalization and natural resources development on the Asian-Pacific
(Singapore) communities. To find out the influences of the
globalization policies and processes on the communities cultures and
social life. To identify the role of anthropology on globalization. To
find out the theoretical and the ideological issues on globalization.
Globalization has positive impacts on these communities as they have
economically developed. There is industrialization, urbanization,
development of infrastructure. With all this health and quality of life
has been improved. Poverty eradication has been done. All this benefits
has come with repercussions. There is a lot of environmental pollution.
This raises an alarm as sustainability development is being threatened.
There has been a lot of developing insecurities/ warfare in the
communities.
Project period Intended start date
1st January 2018
Intended end date
1st May 2018
Research alignment and James Cook University Strategic limit
No Research Aims Alignment explanation
1 Acquire the ability to assess
the sociocultural impacts of
the processes and policies
which are associated with
natural resource
development and
globalization.
There has been a lot of changes since globalization
started. The sociocultural aspect has adversely been
affected. The life and work of people has been affected.
The families and societies setting. The social justice has
changes a lot. It is viewed as a way of having equality,
solidarity, values and respect to both human rights and
dignity. The culture has changed. The language, norms,
dressing, foods. All this has changed as a result of
advances on technology.
2 Acquire the ability to have
critical evaluations on case
To find out globalization and natural resources
development state in Asia-Pacific (Singapore) regions.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 3
studies from the Asia-
pacific regions pertaining
developmental issues and
the engagement of the
community.
How developed are these communities.
3 Identify the key ideological
issues and theoretical issues
concerning development.
The current state of development in Singapore, what are
the ideological and the theoretical issues behind it.
4 Acquire a broad
understanding of the
contemporary anthropology
in relation to the
development issues and the
Singapore context
Analyze and establish a relationship between the
anthropology of the Singapore communities and their
past and present development.
Research Training and Experience
Subject/
project
Type of training
James Cook
University,
AN1001: An
introduction to
Anthropology
The basics on the cultural and social anthropology. The anthropological
methods of research and ideas. With this knowledge I will be able to get
information on the influence of anthropology on globalization and its effects
on the social and culture of the Asia-Pacific.
James Cook
University
AN3100:
Asian cities
Have been impacted with the knowledge on the Asian cities. Its
development, urbanization, infrastructure, pollution. With this it is possible
to assess the impacts of the above on the communities.
James Cook
University,
AN3006:
Anthropology
and
development.
With this I have a better understanding of the globalization. The research is
all about the impacts of globalization on the Singapore regions.
A member of
green forest
This is an environmental friendly association that tries to curb environmental
pollution. Globalization is a major cause of environmental pollution and it is
discussed on every meeting. With this I already have information on the
impacts of globalization on the environment.
Residents in
Singapore
This gives me an added advantage as I have firsthand information on the
globalization and its impacts.
Attends in
James Cook
University
It is a university in Asia-pacific region. It is a center for research. I have been
a participant in researches that are closely related to this one. This will make
my work easy. I already have the baseline information.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 4
Applicant’s Name
Signature Date

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 5
Part B
Project title: The impacts of globalization and natural resources on the Singapore communities.
Research project.
Introduction and background
Singapore Department of statistics, (2013), Singapore is one of the tropical state cities in
the South East of the Asian Regions. Malay, Indians, Chinese, Eurasian and others makes the
population of Singapore. It is a multicultural and diverse community. Globalization guide,
(2012), Globalization is a process in which there is integration and interaction among people,
governments, and companies of different nations. This interaction is brought about by
international investments, trade. It is facilitated by information technology. This globalization
has effects on culture, environment, economic development, political systems, prosperity and the
human-physical well-being. Singapore is a highly developed in the sector of economy and
politics. Singapore is number two in the Young’s and Ernst Globalization Index (2012). Hong
Kong is leading and the third country is Ireland. With globalization, Singapore, has been able to
attain growth in its economy by have an increase in international trade. There has been a huge
amount in the foreign direct investment (FDI). This has helped Singapore to be able to achieve
its potentials in the economic growth. It has also benefited on labor influx. It has an access of
laborers across the international borders. It has been able to import labor. This has increased on
its production. With globalization Singapore has been able to keep the inflations low. It imports
her raw materials making production cost low which translates to low prices in the market.
Globalization has ensured there is low unemployment (Bergh and Nilsson 2014). This affects the
way of living of the community. There are negative impacts on the economy for example:

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 6
vulnerability to external stocks, competition, employment woes, and inflations. It has an impact
on the socio-culture of this communities. The influences on their lifestyles, education and
interactions. There being westernized.
Background
Singapore was a small village whose economic activity was fishing. It has developed over the
last two decades. It has developed socially, politically and economically (Amaldas, 2009). With
globalization it has led to rapid changes in financial flows, trade relations and morbidity of labor
in the whole world. Globalization has propounded effects on the sociocultural in Singapore. This
research aims at finding out the impacts of globalization in Singapore.
Literature review
Chien-chiang, (2015), in most of the previous works globalization focused on the
economic developments/impacts. This study was different as it viewed globalization in three sub
dimensions; the social, economic and the political integrations. Mah, (2013) expounds that
according to economist globalization is sword that is double wedged. It has positive and negative
impacts on the economy. Low autocracy (high democracy) had a positive effect on the economic
development. The government should formulate policies that supports globalization.
Sunyoung, et al (2016). The study explains how modernization has influenced and
brought about culture change among the Northeast Thailand people. Over 10 million of the
population living in Southern Vietnam and Northeast Thailand were infected with a fish borne
parasite. This was as a result of eating raw or undercooked fish. This was a longstanding culture
among the communities. With modernization, it led to formulation of new policies and practices

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 7
this has led to correction of the beliefs on the cyprinid fish which is usually infected. The
fishermen distributes other species of fish which are less likely to be infected.
Jharathri and Shermaine, (2015) the ecosystem is an important framework that is
useful when assessing and conserving the habitats that are at a threat. The cultural ecosystem is
the benefits a community gets from nature. For example recreation, spiritual enrichment,
education, inspiration, aesthetic experiences and cultural ecosystem (MEA 2005; Hernandez-
Morcillo et al., 2013). To have an understanding on the cultural ecosystem, one has to have
understood the actions and perceptions that the local people holds (Bryan et al., 2010; Plieninger
et al., 2013; Pleasant et al., 2014). The cultural values are not static. People experiences and
utilizes the habitats in different was as they degrade and convert (Selim et al., 2014). Singapore
had a lot of changes on its cultural ecosystem as it transformed from the rural to urban. The
urbanization as a result of globalization. Mangrove forests were aesthetic, spiritual and
recreational habitats for the communities. Due to tourism this has really changed. The mangrove
are part of national parks. Public interaction is restricted.
Significance and innovation
Most of the research done on the impacts of globalization focused on economic development.
The positive and negative impacts of globalization on the economy. This study targets to find out
the impacts of globalization and natural resource development on Singapore. In this study it will
focus on the political, economic and socio-cultural aspects that globalization has affected. This
study/project is important as it can be used in policy formulations. It is also important as it can be
used in coming up with strategies on cultural conservation. The findings will not only reflect the
information about Singapore but can be used by the Asian-Pacific region.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 8
Approach
Research objectives
The broad objective is to find out the impacts of globalization and natural resource development
on the Singapore community. The specific objectives are: to assess the influence of globalization
on the socio-culture of the Singapore community. To determine the ideologies and the theoretical
issues revolving around development. To evaluate contemporary anthropology on the issue of
development in Singapore. All this should be evaluated in 2018. 1st January to 1st May 2018.
Participants
The participants will be residents in Singapore. Preferably Students at James Cook University.
This is the easiest sample to access as they are in one collective area. It is also easier to approach
the population. They also have knowledge on globalization there the survey will not be a new
subject.
Researchers
Considering the size of the population to be evaluated. I will recruit one more researcher to aid
me in data collection and data evaluation/ result analysis. The researcher has to be informed on
the issues pertaining globalization. Have experience and knowledge on anthropology and
research.
Research methodology

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 9
This is a very basic research that will apply the phenomenological experiences of the respondents
on the problem statement. It will utilize both questionnaires, focus group discussion and
interviews. The questionnaires will have both open ended questions and close ended questions.
Open ended makes the bigger percentage. The interviews will be semi-structured with open
ended questions.
Communication of results
The results to the project is to be directed to the community itself, the government and the non-
governmental organizations (NGO’s). For this to be possible I will publish the result for it to
circulate as an electronic article. I will also ensure it gets to different social Medias so that it can
reach the Singaporean public. There will be social awareness campaigns. The social media
platforms will be of great help to create awareness. It will be spread on twitter and Facebook.
There will be a video explaining the results that will be uploaded on you tube.
PROPOSED PLAN OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Timeline
Project plan 2018
S.
No
Description January
1 2 3 4
February
1 2 3 4
March
1 2 3 4
April
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
1.
Phase 1
Gather the
preconceived notions
Survey the area
Pilot the research and
familiarize with target
area.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 10
1
2
3
Phase 2
Create awareness on
the importance of the
survey.
Get the inclusion
population
To group the target
population into three
distinct groups. The
ones to answer
questions, ones to do
the interviews and
lastly the focus group
discussions
1
2
Phase 3
The actual data
collection via
questionnaires,
interviews and focus
groups.
1
Phase 4
To analyze the study.
1
Phase 5
Presenting the end
products (results).
The actual dates for the article publication on the results of the project, the social media
awareness and the exhibitions are to be confirmed. The article on this study is to be complied by
the end of the end of May 2018. The exhibition of this study is to be done in July 2018. The
media campaign on the awareness is targeted to start on by the end of 2018.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 11
Budget
Item Cost (SGD)
Printouts
a) The printouts describing the
study(200)
b) The informed consents(200)
$ 80
The audio recorders &100
Payment to the research assistant $400
Transport cost to the research centers $300
Creating awareness $300
Publishing the article $500
Risk Management
The biggest and potential risk is lack of target population in the pool of James Cook University.
This could be as a result of them being so busy hence cannot be committed to the study. If this
happens an alternative population will be obtained. Probably the alumni or residents in
Singapore. The second potential problem is lack of support by the school and the NGOs concern
with impacts of globalization. Incase this happens alternative sources of support especially
financially will be sorted. The participant’s identities will be concealed and also the social
awareness campaign will be legal to avoid committing an offense.
Conclusion
With this study the finding will enlighten the community on the impacts of the
globalization and natural resource development on their economy, politics and socio-cultural.
There will be an understanding of the ideologies and theoretical issues on globalization. There
will also be an explanation of the relationship between anthropology and development. With this,

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 12
enlighten, the government can be able to formulate policies on how to preserve the culture of the
community. How to ensure globalization does not affect its people social life negatively. Will be
able come up with policies to ensure economic development is maintained. Will ensure politics
affects globalization positively.

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 13
References
Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Norris, P. (2011). Global governance & cosmopolitan citizens.
Governance in a globalizing world. pp. 155-177. Washington DC: Brookings Institution
Press
Bergh, A., and T. Nilsson. (2014). Is globalization reducing absolute poverty? World
Development, 62, pp. 42–61.
Chang, C. P., and C. C Lee. (2010) Globalization and growth: A political economy analysis for
OECD countries, Global Economic Review, 39(2), pp. 151–173.
Chang, C. P., and C. C. Lee. (2011). The effect of globalization and political party on economic
growth: Panel data analysis of former communist countries and European OECD
members, Eastern European Economics, 49(6), pp. 5–26.
Chang, C. P., C. C. Lee, and M. C. Hsieh. (2011) Globalization, real output and multiple
structural breaks, Global Economic Review, 40(4), pp. 421–444
Christiansen, et al (2014). The relativity in perspective in the culture theories. University of
Gothenburg, Sweden.
Glencoe, I., Mlinar, Z. (2012). Individuation and globalization: The transformation of territorial
social organization. Globalization and territorial identities. Ed 4. pp. 15-34.
Globalization guide (2012). What is globalization? Retrieved September 30t , 2017 from
http://www.globalizationguide.org

Impacts of globalization in Singapore. 14
Hernandez-Morcillo, M., (2013).An Empirical review of cultural ecosystem service indicators.
Edition 29. Pg. 434-444
Jharyathri, T., et al., (2015). Histological and contemporary cultural ecosystem service values in
the rapidly urbanizing city state of Singapore. Vol, 44(7) pg. 666-677
Mah, J. S. (2013) Globalization, decentralization and income inequality: The case of China,
Economic Modelling, 31, pp. 653–658.
Merton, R. (2011). Social theory and social structure, (2nd ed.).
Pleasant, M., (2014). Managing cultural ecosystem services. Ecosystem services. Vol. 8 pg. 141-
147
Plieninger, T., et al., (2013). Assessing, mapping and quantifying cultural ecosystem services at a
community level. Vol. 33 pg. 118-129
Selim, S., et al., (2014) Direct and indirect effects of climate and fishing on changes in the
coastal ecosystem. Regional Environmental Change.
Singapore Department of statistics, 2013. Singapore in brief.
Sonyoung, C., et al., (2017). The role of the socio-cultural and economic factors in cyprinid fish
distribution network and consumption in Northeast Thailand. Acta Tropica. Vol. 170, pg.
85-94
Vlad, R et al., (2017). The role of tourism in local economy development. Urbanism. Ed. 8(3) pg.
265-274

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