Impact of Immigrants in UK Native Employment Report
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Added on 2020-07-22
Impact of Immigrants in UK Native Employment Report
Added on 2020-07-22
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Impacts of Immigrants on UKNative Employment
ABSTRACTImmigration has been increased in United Kingdom since last decade. People migrated in UKwith the hope to find good earning opportunities to live a sustainable and happy life. Thisresearch aim to find out the effects of immigrations on employment in UK. As the result can helpthe entrepreneur who running the business or thinking to have one, to see if immigrants are goodfor economy or not. The objectives of this research are to explore there relationship betweenimmigrant and employment in UK. To determine the effect of immigrant on native born in UK.The researcher has used precise research methodology in order to accomplish the aim andobjectives of the study. The participants of the research study were the employees working atdifferent restaurant. Questionnaire research instrument has been provided to them whichquestions was based on likert scale. The analysis was done using SPSS. It was identified thatimmigration does not affect as effectively on unemployment rate as it affect on wage rates.Participants responds that immigration helps in enhancing the growth and development of UK.
TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1CHAPTER 2: Literature review.......................................................................................................4Job Opportunity......................................................................................................................4Wages...................................................................................................................................12CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................203.1 Research Strategy...........................................................................................................203.2 Quantitative research method.........................................................................................213.3 Ethical Considerations....................................................................................................29CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...................................................................324.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................324.2 Primary data analysis......................................................................................................324.3 Findings and analysis.....................................................................................................47CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................505.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................505.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................50REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................52
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION“Decades of record immigration have produced lower wages and higher unemploymentfor our citizens” Donald Trump (2016) said, but Hillary Clinton (2016) said that “I believe thatwhen we have millions of hardworking immigrants contributing to our economy, it would beself-defeating and inhumane to try to kick them out”. After I heard these two quotes from two ofthe most influence person of the world said. I decided to work on this topic to find the result.Migration can be temporary or permanent move of a person or a group of people from onegeographic location to another, there are many reasons that motivated such as a betteremployment, education, safer or even persecution to the host country (Zanker 2008). I also havethe same thought as them, UK has a better life quality so I decided to study in UK and it’s like adream to be able to get a job in UK to gain experiences. Moreover, in the future I want to startmy own business and in the present my country has many immigrant workers in the workforce.Then I have a question in my mind, does immigrants make a benefit to the host country or theyjust jeopardize the host economy and slow it down? So I decided to do research on this topic.This paper has focus on the employment for UK native born on job opportunity and wages whichbe affected by immigrants.Figure 1: Latest changes in migration, UK, YE September 2014 and YE September 2015Source: Office for National StatisticsFrom this chart it’s showed that the immigration in UK was higher than emigration which meansthat more people coming in than getting out of the country and also the immigration rate isincreasing. It’s interesting to do this research to find out the impacts of these immigration to seeif it benefit and developing the host country orjust holding back the economy.Why do people come to the UK1
(Home office 2017) stated that there are 4 reasons why people come to the UK, which are Visit,Work, Study and Family.VisitIn the year ending June 2016, there were 9.3 million non-EEA or European Economic Areaarrived in UK as the same as the previous 12 months. Which 29% of arrivals were United Statesnationals, many nationalities including US nationals do not need visa to visit UK. So the numberof visas that were granted is much lower than the total number of non-EEA arrivals. More than2.5 Million visas has been granted in the year ending March 2017 and almost 2 million werevisiting UK. There were 61,220 (3%) increasing in Visitors visas granted in the year endingMarch 2017. There were increased of Chinese visitors at 99,940 or 25% to 506,580 (excludingHong Kong), and Indian were increased at 20,662 or 6% to 393,929. The below chart show thetype and number of entry visas granted in the year ending March 2017.Figure: 2 Visa tableSource: Home Office, Immigration Statistics January to March 2017WorkThere were 93,566 Tier 2 Skilled work visas that have been granted in the year ending March 2017, increased 2% from 91,797 last year. 56,051 of the Tier 2 Skilled work-sponsored visa in the year ending March 2017, 23,316 working in the Information and Communication 2
sector accounted for 42%. Of 4,677 Tier 1 visas granted in the year ending March 2017, 501of Tier 1 visas granted were Exceptional talent visas.StudyBeside from visitor visa, the most general visa granted to non-EEA nationals was study visa which 208,906 in tear ending March 2017; accounted for 8% of all visas granted to non-EEAnationals and increase 1% from previous year. Study visa increase in the three largest non-EEA student, Chinese increased 10% to 77,290, United States increased 2% to 14,268 and Indian increased 9% to 11,642. For the main applicant which is university-sponsored study visa applications rose 3% to 168,591 and increased 7% for Russel Group universities to 80,664. While further education were falls 6% to 14,534 as the chart below.Figure 3: Study-related sponsored visa application by sectorSource: Home Office, Immigration Statistics January to March 2017FamilyAll total number of family-related visas granted, including EEA family and non-EEA nationals, and visas granted to dependants of different visa holders (exclude visitors) increased 2% to 136,787 in the year ending March 2017.RefugeeMoreover, refugee is other reason why immigrant move to UK. As (British Red Cross 2017) said that there are around 118,995 refugees living in the UK right now and it’s just 0.18% of total population in UK. While the estimated 65 million people all around the world have been forced to flee their homes. The long protracted conflict have increased which create more than 22 million refugees worldwide but developing countries host more than 80 of refugee. In 2016 UK received 38,500 asylum application which less than Germany with 3
587,346, Sweden 83,103 and France 62,771. Most of the world’s refugees come from just three countries: Syria: 5.5 million, Afghanistan 2.5 million and South Sudan 1.4 million, accounted 55%. Red Cross has reunion travel assistance programme to reunited more than 750 family last year and almost 1,900 children1 Aim and objectivesThis research aim to find out the effects of immigrations on employment in UK. As the result canhelp the entrepreneur who running the business or thinking to have one, to see if immigrantsare good for economy or not. The objectives of this research are to explore the relationshipbetween immigrant and employment in UK. To determine the effect of immigrant on nativeborn in UK.4
CHAPTER 2: Literature reviewJob OpportunityIncreased job opportunity(Somerville and Sumption 2009) suggests that most of the native workers employment are notaffected by the immigrant worker and even gain benefit from them. Which there are tworeasons to explain why. First, the inflow of immigrants who has variety of skills can createthe number of jobs available in the labor market that can create more employment to thenative worker. Second, the native react to the immigrant’s arrival to protect themselves bychanging their job or the working field to avoid the job displacement by the immigrants(Peri 2016) has limit his study on immigration’s effect on labor markets and on productivity inthe US. He says that there was a growing benefit in the analysis of foreign student as theyare the faster-growing group of immigrant in the US Education seems to be a source ofsignificant growth for jobs, value-added and (service) export for the US economy. Foreign-born students can increase the demand for these service and when they graduate with USdegree, they are usually hired in high position to work as a productive workers andprofessionals. So US education services can be a sector that foreign-born boost demand asstudent and supply as researchers or professors with effective skills to make a contributionto US workforce and to local economies. He also mentioned that immigration of scientistand engineers, especially the one with talent skill to make ability distribution, should getmore specific attention. Among the US-based Noble laureates in Medicine, Physics, andChemistry in the past 10 years, 17 out of 33 were foreign-born. Top science institution caneffectively create large effects on innovation and growth for the world, the work of high-skilled workers can create an innovation (most of them in the US) can contributing to globalscience and global growth. The relationship between high-skilled foreign born worker ontechnological and scientific progress, it affect to the demand for high-skilled immigrant butit the very important factor for economic for the world and US in the long run. To supportthis research (Glitz 2014) also find that immigrant create positive effect for native bornworkers. It because in the most countries that immigrant migrate to, immigrant does notcompete directly to the native workers in the workforce but rather share skills that createbenefit and knowledge to natives. Moreover, the arrival of skilled immigrants distribute5
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