Nursing Care and Management Assignments

This assignment covers a range of nursing care and management topics, including expected responses from enrolled nurses in specific situations, assessment and monitoring tasks, and consideration of patient needs such as eye opening scores and fluid intake via nasogastric tubes. It also touches on complications arising from acute bed rest. The assignment requires detailed analysis and application of nursing knowledge to ensure effective patient care.

Implement and monitor
care for a person

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Acute health problems and its clinical manifestations.............................................................1
2. Characteristics of acute pain...................................................................................................4
3. Difference between deep vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism.............................4
4. Four common symptoms of a bone fracture...........................................................................4
5. Difference between greenstick and impacted fractures ..........................................................4
6. Important aspects of surgical nursing.....................................................................................5
7. Difference between elective surgery and emergency surgery.................................................5
8. Difference between general, local and epidural anaesthesia...................................................5
9. Difference between spinal anaesthesia and peripheral nerve block:.......................................5
10. Defining the following..........................................................................................................6
11. Characteristics of internal bleeding due to trauma ...............................................................6
12. Monitoring and managing a person on intravenous infusion................................................6
13. Monitoring and managing a person on continuous positive airway pressure. .....................6
14. Considerations for Bilevel positive airway pressure.............................................................7
15. Fluid intake considerations via nasogstric tube ...................................................................7
16.Complications of acute bed rest.............................................................................................7
PART B............................................................................................................................................7
1.Expected responses from an enrolled nurse in this situation...................................................7
2. Assessment should be undertaken...........................................................................................7
3.Eye opening score 2.................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

PART A
1.Acute health problems and its clinical manifestations.
Acute health problems Definition/what is it? Three (3) specific clinical
manifestations
a. Acute kidney failure It is a disorder when the wastes'
product filtration is stopped by
our kidney.
 Urine output is
decreased
 swelling is occurred
in legs, ankles or feet

b. Acute
glomerulonephritis
It is occurred due to
inflammation of tiny filters
(glomeruli) in kidney. Glomeruli
are the filtering unit of kidney
(Heneghan, Zaffaroni and
Shouldice, 2017) .
 Urine s pink or cola
colored.
 High blood pressure
is recorded
 Swelling is occurred
in face, hands feet
and abdomen due to
edema.
c. Gastroenteritis It is inflammation of the
gastrointestinal tract. Stomach
and small intestine are mainly
affected. It is also known as
stomach flu.
 Abdominal pain or
cramping is seen.
 Poor feeding mainly
in infants
 Muscle pain or joint
stiffness is occurred.
d. Acute pancreatitis It is a disease which is
characterized by acute
inflammation of the pancreas due
to excessive alcohol use.
 A sudden onset of
pain is experienced
in the center of upper
abdomen below
sternum.
 Loss of appetite.
 Vomiting is a
common sign.
e. Seizure
A disorder in which nerve cell  Temporary
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Acute health problems Definition/what is it? Three (3) specific clinical
manifestations
activity is disturbed where there
is abnormal release of electrical
impulse is occurred.
confusion
 Staring spell
 Uncontrollable
jerking movements
of the arms and legs.
f. Transient ischemic
attack
It is neurological dysfunction
which is caused by loss of blood
flow in brain, spinal cord retina
without tissue death.
 Temporary loss of
vision
 some times double
vision is occurred.
 One- sided facial
droop.
g. Angina An unwanted pain is experienced
in chest due to insufficient blood
flow to heart.
 Feeling of fullness is
in the chest is felt.
 Chest pain is felt.
 Burning sensation is
felt .
h. Myocardial
infarction It is a cardiac disorder in which
the blood flow is decreased or
stopped to specific a part of
heart. It is commonly known as
heart attack.
 Deep, substernal and
visceral pain is
occurred.
 Aching and pressure
ids felt to back.
 Nausea and vomiting
is also occurred.
i. Vasovagal syncope The overacting of our body due
to certain triggers such as blood
or extreme emotional stresses is
called vasovagal syncope.
 Vision becomes
narrow.
 Warmth feeling is
experienced.
 Nausea is occurred.

j. Allergic rhinitis
It is a common disease often
associated with asthma. IT is
also known as hey fever.
 Watery eyes
 running nose
 Sore and scratchy
throat.
k. Acute bronchitis It is the short term inflammation
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Acute health problems Definition/what is it? Three (3) specific clinical
manifestations
of bronchi of lungs.  Fever
 chest pain
 expectorating cough
l. First degree burns on
skin
Burning of first layer of skin is
called first degree burns on skin.  Pain
 Swelling
 Redness
m. Airway burns
Blocking caused due to swelling
of airway that does not allow to
pass air into our air pipe .
 Swelling
 Coughing
 Breathing difficulties
n. Cellulitis
Bacterial infection of the skin
sand tissues (Armstrong, Semple
and Coyte, 2014).
 Redness
 pain
 Swelling
o. Dehydration Loss of water from our body  Headache
 Thirst
 Appetite
p. Epistaxis Nose bleeding from the nasal
cavity
 Headache
 Dryness of nostril
 Bleeding from nose
q. Cerebral hemorrhage It is an intracranial bleed which
is occurred within brain tissue.
 Headache
 Increased
intracranial pressure
 Faint
r. Traumatic brain
injury
It is called the intracranial injury
that is caused by external force .
 Unconsciousness
 Dizziness
 Ringing in ears
s. Renal calculi Development of stones in kidney
is called renal calculi.
 Sudden pain
 Nausea
 Vomiting
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Acute health problems Definition/what is it? Three (3) specific clinical
manifestations
t. Sepsis
A life threatening diseases
which is caused by our body's
response to an infection.
 High fever
 High breathing rate
 Rapid infection
u. Cardiogenic shock It is a condition in which heart is
not able to pump sufficient
amount of blood to our body.
 Rapid breathing
 Weak pulse
 low blood pressure
2. Characteristics of acute pain
A soothing pain is felt in beaning that could make patients cry out. Pain may changes after the
initial stage. It is increased when someone is met to a nasty cut or a nursing operation. People
have different threshold bearing power so it might be like a serious pain for someone and might
not be more than a dull ache to someone else.
3. Difference between deep vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism
Deep vein thrombosis is developed when a blood clot is formed in deep vein usually in leg
region while venous thromboemobilism is a mechanism of blood clotting that starts within vein
and it is a third leading diagnosis after heart attack and stroke.
4. Four common symptoms of a bone fracture.
 Skin discoloration is occurred around the affected area.
 The patient is not able to put weight over the injured area.
 Movement can not be produced easily in affected area.
 Swelling is occurred around the fractured area and pain is felt.
5. Difference between greenstick and impacted fractures
Greenstick fracture is a condition in which a bone bend or crack is occurred instead of breaking
completely in separate pieces while in an impacted fracture a bony fragment, generally cortical is
impacted into cancellous bone. These types of fractures are generally occurred at the ends of
long bones.
It is more dangerous than greenstick fracture because if after fracture malalignment is not
treated, bone shortening would be occurred.
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6. Important aspects of surgical nursing.
 Justice : All patients should be treated fairly and equally.
 Totality and integrity:Entire patient should be considered during therapies, medications
or procedures is given to a patient (Komai, Fujimoto and Yasumoto, 2016).
 Autonomy: Respect should be given to patients even when your wishes do not agree with
them.
7. Difference between elective surgery and emergency surgery
Elective surgery is a non-emergency surgery that is medically necessary, but it can be delayed
foe at least 24 hours. The list of patients is made separately for elective surgery. It is usually
performed in an operating theatre or procedure room. Anaesthesia is used by surgeon for this
surgery.
Emergency surgery is an urgent procedure. It is required to deal in a condition of acute treat to
life, organ or damaged tissue which is caused by external trauma (Armstrong, Semple and Coyte,
2014). This type of surgery is done with the help of a specialist Surgeon who must have good
decision making skills. Emergency surgery is performed in a critical care emergency ward and it
is operated for 24 hours when ever it is required to be done.
8. Difference between general, local and epidural anaesthesia
General anaesthesia :It is given to the patients during a major surgery. This makes feel like that
a patient is in induced comma. This is normally administered intravenously or inhaled by
patients.
Local anaesthesia :It is a technique through which anaesthesia is given for absence of sensation
in a specific part of the body. This is given so that the other part of body is not effected which is
not be treated (Armstrong, Semple and Coyte, 2014).
Epidural anaesthesia:It is a method through which local anaesthesia is induced into epidural
space. Epidural space is localized in spine canal between ligamenta flava snd dura mater that
consist loose connective tissue.
9. Difference between spinal anaesthesia and peripheral nerve block:
Spinal anesthesia is form of local anesthesia which is given into subarachnoid space with a fine
needle while Peripheral nerve block is a type of regional anesthetic procedure in which local
anesthesia is injected near the motor nerves of leg.
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10. Defining the following
a. Open reduction:It is a procedure to set a fracture bone without surgery. This includes the
correction of a fracture, dislocation or hernia.
b. Amputation: It is a process for the removal of a limb caused due to trauma , prolonged
constriction, medical illness or a surgery. It is done to control pain or a disease in the affected
area.
Total hip replacement :It is a surgery that is done to relieve hip pain and increase hip function by
resurfacing the bones that meet at the hip joint.
d. Craniotomy: It is a surgical process in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the
skull to access the brain (Wildevuur and Simonse, 2015).
e. Tonsillectomy: It is a surgical process in which both palatine tonsils are removed
f. Appendectomy : A surgical operation is performed for the vermiform appendix.
g. Laparotomy:It is a surgical procedure in which a large incision is done through abdominal
wall to get access in abdominal cavity.
h. Hysterectomy : It is technique of surgical operation to remove all part of the uterus.
i. Prostatectomy:It is a technique of surgical operation through which all parts of the prostrate
gland are removed.
j. Cataract extraction :It is a procedure of surgical operation through which the cloudy lens are
removed from eye.
11. Characteristics of internal bleeding due to trauma .
Internal bleeding is a serious problem. Swelling and pain caused due to it. This also leads to
internal blood clot which can cause the dysfunctionality of particular organ. Insufficient blood
supply may be the result of internal clotting.
12. Monitoring and managing a person on intravenous infusion.
Aseptic condition is required.
Decontaminated hand (O’Beirne, Freemanand Rourke, 2018).
Prevention of phlebitis.
Extravasation
13. Monitoring and managing a person on continuous positive airway pressure.
Respiratory arrest
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Circuit should be changed weekly, mask should be cleaned daily, water level check up is
required on daily basis, sterile water is used for irrigation, presence of carbon dioxide exhalation
port on interface.
14. Considerations for Bilevel positive airway pressure
Mouth breathers may need a full mask, snoring should be avoided due to more weight gain.
Mouth opening problems may be occurred. Mask of BIPAP needs to be communicated to the
equipment company.
15. Fluid intake considerations via nasogstric tube
Oral and skin care should be provided
NG tube replacement should be verified.
Gloves are must.
Eye and face protection should be considered.
16.Complications of acute bed rest
Contractures may be in muscles.
Deficiencies of strength.
Loss of skeletal mass.
Urological problems may occurred
Constipation is occurred.
PART B.
1.Expected responses from an enrolled nurse in this situation.
Nurse need to take more care of patients according to the given readings of patient.
2. Assessment should be undertaken.
Temperature and blood pressure.
3.Eye opening score 2.
He opens eye in painful stimuli.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
O’Beirne, M., Freeman, T. and Rourke, J., 2018. Family Medicine Forum Research Proceedings
2017Documentation of chaperone useNormative definition of comprehensive
practiceAdherence to Choosing Wisely recommendations within primary
careExperiences with medical assistance in dyingEffects of a criterion-based competency
assessment tool on identification and management of residents in difficultyWhat’s in an
ITER? Capturing resident progression toward competence using the Competency-Based
Achievement SystemRealist Canada-wide audit of Triple C .... Canadian Family
Physician, 64(2), pp.S1-S115.
Wildevuur, S.E. and Simonse, L.W., 2015. Information and communication technology–enabled
person-centered care for the “big five” chronic conditions: scoping review. Journal of
medical Internet research, 17(3).
Komai, K., Fujimoto, M., Arakawa, Y., Suwa, H., Kashimoto, Y. and Yasumoto, K., 2016,
March. Beacon-based multi-person activity monitoring system for day care center.
In Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops), 2016
IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Heneghan, C., Zaffaroni, A., De Chazal, P. and Shouldice, R., ResMed Sensor Technologies
Limited, 2017. Apparatus, system and method for chronic disease monitoring. U.S.
Patent Application 15/343,994.
Armstrong, K.A., Semple, J.L. and Coyte, P.C., 2014. Replacing ambulatory surgical follow-up
visits with mobile app home monitoring: modeling cost-effective scenarios. Journal of
medical Internet research, 16(9).
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