System Design for Smart City Applications

This assignment delves into the application of system science engineering principles within the context of smart city development. Students will analyze a specific smart city challenge and design a system solution to address it. The design process should encompass identification of stakeholders, functional requirements, system architecture, and evaluation criteria. Emphasis is placed on understanding interconnectedness, feedback loops, and sustainability in complex urban systems.

Running Head: SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
[System Science
Engineering]
[Light Rail Transit- Sydney]

2SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Executive Summary
In this particular report it mainly discussed about the conceptual design as well as implementation
of light rail in the city of Sydney. It also discussed about the all advantages that occured in the city
of Sydeny due to the implementation of light rail.
However, the route of light rail network is also proposed in this report and also some
recommendations are proposed to based on the selected route.

3SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................3
2.0 Need of definition...........................................................................................................................3
3.0 Conceptual design of light rail network.........................................................................................5
4.0 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................8
5.0 Recommendations..........................................................................................................................8
References............................................................................................................................................9

4SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
1.0 Introduction
This particular report is mainly based on the conceptual design of light rail network (LRN)
of Australia. Light rail is also called as Light Rail Transit (LRT) which is one type of urban public
transport that is mainly similar with tram ways in some extent (Cao and Ettema 2014). It is one of
the speedy transport systems with the help of electrical powered train operated by drivers. It
becomes one of the vital supports for the Australian people to get rid from traffic congestions of
busy roads of Australia. The country also recognized the requirement to address both the
congestions as well as accessibility of all problems. Hence, it always continue to evaluate the more
capacity public transport solutions that mainly helps to reduce the congestions as well as provide
different transport options that helps to make global, progressive and competitive city (Birdsall
2015).
This particular report also discussed about the design framework of the light rail network
system of the Australian city Sydney. It also elaborated about light rail network facilities in the city
that mainly make the travel of people easier. Some recommendations are also mentioned for the
enhancement of light rail network so that the traffic congestion problems get reduced in Australia.
2.0 Need of definition
The Sydney Light Rail Network is one of the light rail system that mainly supplies the
Australian City, New South Wales. The light rail network is mainly controlled by New South Wales
Government of transport. Apart from that, Clifton, Mulley and Hensher (2014) also discussed that
light in particular context is mainly used for the light roads as well as faster movements rather than
preferred weight. It also discussed that Sydney mainly developed an extensive tram network
facilities that mainly grows as largest in world-wide. The line’s owner mainly prepares the
proposals for western extension of disused section within Central Business District (CBD) towards

5SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Central to Circular Quay (Dziauddin, Alvanides and Powe 2013). Apart from that, it also discussed
that the transport system is one of the complementary mode of transport for passengers in eco-
friendly and sustainable system. Because of increase in traffic congestion and pollution, it generates
more problems for passengers of Sydney to travel from destination to other (Hensher, Mulley and
Rose 2015).
In terms of analyzing the light rail network development, the feasibility study is mainly done
to examine the network if it is ideal for the pollution of Sydney. The purpose of line mainly built in
terms of reducing the bus congestions in CBD as it mainly provides more capacities of public
transport from University of the New South Wales to Sydney Football Stadium. This route is
mainly served with bus facility so the traffic congestion is also high in those places. The important
construction of LRN mainly started from 2015 which is predicted to be functional from 2019.
On the other hand, Luong, and Xia (2016) also pointed out that LRN is mainly developed in
underground which becomes one of the vital advantage in terms of reducing traffic congestions. All
these developmental services are mainly operated by the use of one single class of light rail vehicle
(LRV) (Ney and Gray 2014). This particular system mainly used standard gauge track by using 750
volts of current electrifications. The Sydney Light Rail is mainly incorporated of Inner West Light
Rail that mainly operates in L1 Dulwich Hill Line. Apart from that, it also have 12.7 km route that
mainly connects the Central Station with Dulwich Hill via 23 of light rail stops. This light rail
network system mainly improves based on public transport in terms of accessing different
entertainment facilities with access of sports (Spears, Boarnet and Houston 2016). It is also
compared with development of other automobiles facilities, the growth of light rail becomes one of
the cost effective transport solution in Australia. It also discussed that light rail also able to increase
the speed of 25-30 km/hr depending on the movements of abatements.

6SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
3.0 Conceptual design of light rail network
The light rail framework is mainly proposed for the city Sydney that is mainly located in
Australia. It highlights that within the network of light rail it also covers different entertainments
and sport areas like Town Hall, Bridge Street, Central, Royal Randwick, Surry Hills, UNSW High
Street, Moore Park and different other places (Kim and Lahr 2014). The Australian government
mainly lacks of proper funding due to which the development of heavy rails become more
expensive in comparison with light rail. The costing of the system is mainly needed to do proper
analysis of the system that mainly develop cost effective solution to reduce traffic congestion
problems of Sydney. According to recent days data, more that 40,000 people travels by light rail
system of Sydney on daily basis (Seo, Golub and Kuby 2014). Due to the reason of being an
underground project it also does not occur any types of blockage on roads. NSW government is
being committed to provide first class and integrate of public transport network. CBD as well as
South East Light Rail is one of the major projects into transformation of Sydney.
The light rail network mainly offers lots of capabilities and both consistent and easily
reachable solution for Sydney people. However, it also results up to 220 peak hours’ buses entering
the city that mainly serves expected growth of South East as well as improves the access to different
important destinations of Sydney like Royal Randwick Racecourse, University of NWS etc (Currie
and Delbosc 2013).
This particular project mainly allows more improvements in customer experience as well as
also increases the economic growth of Sydney. Some of the benefits occurred due to the
implementation of Light Rail Network at Sydney are listed below:
Sustainability: LRN mainly creates various developmental opportunities and sustainable transport
in Sydney (Kamruzzaman et al. 2014). This particular project mainly improves the performance and

7SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
minimizes the emissions from transport network. Moreover, it also reduces the greenhouse gas
emission in a large quantity.
Travellers: Some of most common travellers of LRN include office employees, students, and
businessman (Birdsall 2015). Within minimum span of time, passenger travels from one part of city
to another. It mainly used to reduce the traffic congestions on Sydney’s roads. This Light Rail
Network mainly moves with more than 8000 people per hour in every direction and also supports
with consumer-friendly transport services in Australia.
Ticketing system: LRN incorporate new electronic system ticketing of NSW government that
mainly trustworthy for both timetables and fares of trains (Cao and Ettema 2014). This new
ticketing system also risen the interest of more people to travel with light rail.
Development cost: CBD as well as South East Light Rail is delivering an estimation of $4 billion
into benefits to Sydney as well as NSW. Following table will show the development cost of the
light rail network:
Activities Cost
Economic benefits $2.50 million
Invested delivers $1 million
Environmental and health
benefits
$308 million
Pedestrians $333 million
Benefits of public transport
customers
$ 2 billion
Wider economic benefits $222 million
Road users $264 million

8SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Operating savings $707 million
The infrastructure design of light rail network mainly follows different routes of tram lines of
previous network (Clifton, Mulley and Hensher 2014). This particular route also includes both off-
street and on-street section travelling from one place to another. There are more than 8-10 traffic
light controlled connections that mainly created along with routes. Different changes are mainly
taken considered that include revision of platform length at different stops to increase the tram
length from 45m to 67m (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2015). This network also forms new clients of
light rail network that mainly focussed on convenient interchanges, development of seamless
supported by lots of consumer information and different method finding techniques.
Figure 1: Sydney Light Rail route map
(Source: created by author)
Based on the rail-route of Sydney Light Rail Network, it mainly requires some changes in the bus
routes of Sydney Central Business districts. Based on light rail construction, the bus route also gets
minimized to few extents in some places (Luong and Xia 2016). Due to this transportation system,
the large rail network results into 400 percentage of higher per capita transit ridership, 21

9SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
percentage of lower per capita mileage of motor vehicle, 36 percentage per capita of traffic fatalities
and 58 percentage of high transit service recovery of cost.
4.0 Conclusion
It is mainly concluded that the light rail network project established in Sydney city helps the
people with easier transport from one place to another. This particular system also increases the
investments and also save time. It mainly cut down the greenhouse gas emission and air pollutants.
LRT becomes one of the best solutions of transportation problems in the city. It mainly provides
efficient and fresh transit system that helps to fulfil the needs of Sydney city people.
The main purpose of this particular project is to establish the light -rail project to reduce numbers of
bus congestion within the city. Most of the routes of Sydney are served of buses; therefore there are
long routes of traffic on roads. This particular rail route is frequently on-street and consequently it
follows of comparable path to the routes which are being used by the tramway network.
5.0 Recommendations
There are various measures are to be taken to improve the light rail network of Sydney to
enhance the efficiency of the transportation system. Following are the recommendations required to
be follows:
Design layout: An accurate design layout of the light rail network should be required to
design which will cover the main routes of the city of Sydney.
Construct at populated areas: The light rail network should require covering the populated
area of Sydney so that more and more people should use this route to travel. It also helps in
reduction of traffic congestion on the roads.

10SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
References
Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney,
Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: PART TWO: SYDNEY'S LIGHT RAIL
EXPANSION. Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal, 85(12), p.28.
Cao, J. and Ettema, D., 2014. Satisfaction with travel and residential self-selection: How do
preferences moderate the impact of the Hiawatha Light Rail Transit line?. Journal of Transport and
Land Use, 7(3), pp.93-108.
Clifton, G.T., Mulley, C. and Hensher, D.A., 2014. Bus Rapid Transit versus Heavy Rail in
suburban Sydney–Comparing successive iterations of a proposed heavy rail line project to the pre-
existing BRT network. Research in Transportation Economics, 48, pp.126-141.
Dziauddin, M.F., Alvanides, S. and Powe, N., 2013. Estimating the effects of light rail transit (LRT)
system on the property values in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: A hedonic house price
approach. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 61(1), pp.35-47.
Hensher, D.A., Mulley, C. and Rose, J.M., 2015. Understanding the relationship between voting
preferences for public transport and perceptions and preferences for bus rapid transit versus light
rail. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 49(2), pp.236-260.
Luong, P. and Xia, M., 2016. The light rail revolution-a safety risk perspective. CORE 2016:
Maintaining the Momentum, p.714.
Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western
Sydney to the future. CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111.
Spears, S., Boarnet, M.G. and Houston, D., 2016. Driving reduction after the introduction of light
rail transit: Evidence from an experimental-control group evaluation of the Los Angeles Expo
Line. Urban Studies, p.0042098016657261.
Kim, K. and Lahr, M.L., 2014. The impact of Hudson‐Bergen Light Rail on residential property
appreciation. Papers in Regional Science, 93(S1).

11SYSTEM SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Seo, K., Golub, A. and Kuby, M., 2014. Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on
residential property values: A spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, Arizona. Journal of
Transport Geography, 41, pp.53-62.
Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?.
Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2013. Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and
light rail transit routes. Journal of Public Transportation, 16(2), p.3.
Kamruzzaman, M., Baker, D., Washington, S. and Turrell, G., 2014. Advance transit oriented
development typology: case study in Brisbane, Australia. Journal of Transport Geography, 34,
pp.54-70.