Waste Management Systems Analysis

The assignment requires a critical review of published research articles focusing on Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of different waste management systems. The selected articles cover diverse waste streams like organic waste, electronic waste, and construction and demolition waste. The analysis should delve into the methodological approaches used in these LCAs and evaluate their effectiveness in comparing various waste management strategies.

Brexit: Implications for the UK waste
management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Waste policies and strategies overview.......................................................................................1
Current waste management legislation.......................................................................................3
Referendum mean for UK waste disposal...................................................................................8
Hazardous waste........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Waste management is transformed in UK by EU environmental legislation. Law of EU
has provided longer term vision for managing resource well, according to UK government's
balance of competencies review report waste management legislation of EU has changed UK
approaches and that has helped in reducing landfill in the nation. This has supported in
increasing recycling and best utilization of resources. Present study will discuss waste policies
and strategies overview of waste management. Furthermore, it will explain current legislation
and meaning of referendum for the UK waste disposal. It will highlight hazardous waste and its
impact on country.
MAIN BODY
Waste policies and strategies overview
Membership of EU is always seen as combining aspect that has supported the nation in
improving waste management policies. As Government has started the 'Brexit' process, all things
were seen as threats. Waste management policy and strategies of UK are strongly influenced by
European Union. It has become essential to have better understanding about key elements of
waste policies. One of the major constant feature of UK waste policy is change. All major
changes driven by EU waste management law (Garnett and Tyrrel, 2017). European Union has
made many effective strategies in order to make effective control over wastage and using
resource effectively. Building on gains of 2000 policy, Defra published in 2013 a new waste
management plan for England, subsequent 2007 waste strategy for England etc. are many
strategies that have been made by government that have helped in improving the condition of
nation and minimizing wastage. Key features of waste policy are as following:
Waste hierarchy
EU has made wide policy on waste which is known as waste hierarchy. It explains that
companies where wastage is high have to prevent waste, make strategy for reuse and recycle it.
That can support in minimizing the cost and resources will be used in most effective manner
(Blackman, 2016).
Diversion of waste from the landfill
It is another feature of waste dumping policy whose main objective is to minimize
wastage level in the industry and hire experienced persons who have knowledge about recycling
of waste material, Environmental permitting regulation 2010 and landfill allowance scheme
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describes that there is need to be minimise wastage (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland, 2013). These
strategies have imposed restrictions on waste disposal in landfills in England and Wales.
Increasing recycling
One of the main objective of UK government is to enhance recycling of waste material.
Authorities have made several strategies that helps in encouraging public to reuse the scrap
material and utilize resources effectively. That supports in minimizing wastage and improving
condition of nation. In the year 2015 UK government has introduced waste policy in which they
announced fine of 5p for using plastic bags (Laurent and et.al., 2014). That made retailers not to
use plastic carry bags. Because plastic is harmful for environment and it cannot be recycled. That
is why policy of stoppage of plastic bags Has helped in minimizing wastage from the nation.
Reduction of waste from economy
UK is the nation where business and industries are producing high amount of wastage.
One of the main objective of waste policy is to minimize amount of produced goods by
commercial sector. In order to accomplish this objective government has made many changes in
existing waste policy. Producer’s responsibilit regulation 2007 explains that it is the
responsibility of producer to reuse waste material and recycle it (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong,
2013). They have to design products in effective manner such that it support in easy dismantling
and recycling. This waste policy assists in reducing waste from country and it can aid in
improving economic condition of countries. With the help of this policy companies are able to
reduce cost and that has supported in increasing their revenues as well.
Shared responsibility
One of the main waste reduction policy of UK is to share responsibility. Population
generates wastes, so it becomes duty of all people to contribute well in minimizing the waste
materials and effective utilization of resources. They have to make good strategies and have to
share their responsibilities so that this industry can grow well and economy of the nation can be
improved soon (Edjabou and et.al., 2015).
There are several policies which have been made in relation to waste management. Waste
framework directive (2008/98/EC) is considered as one of the effective law whose main
objective is to create framework for disposal of waste materials. In this respect government of
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UK has set some recycling targets in which it is necessary to recycle 50% of household wastes
and 70% of non-hazardous by the end of 2020.
Thematic strategy for preventing and recycling of waste material have been made by the
government of the country. In this respect seven thematic strategies programmes have been
introduced by authorities. These long-term strategies have helped the nation in becoming
recycling society. With the help of these strategies and policies UK has avoided wastages to a
great extent.
Integrated product policy
It is the policy which was made to reduce the loopholes in the product's life cycle. It is
the strategy by which government has planned to make the products' life cycle process more
effective so that mistakes can be minimized to a great extent (Gavilanes and et.al., 2016).
Waste management is the major issue across the world, due to high amount of wastes by
industries and businesses. Most of the nations are focusing on reducing the wastage so that there
economic conditions can be improved. Furthermore, many policies such as waste prevention,
recycling, road map to resource efficient Europe, etc. have been made in this respect so that
overall condition of the nation can be improved. These are effective in order to minimize
wastage and optimising resource use (Jensen, Møller and Scheutz, 2016). Main objective of
implementing these policies are to reduce amount of waste material, maximization of recycling,
limit incineration, full implementation of waste management policy etc.
Current waste management legislation
There are different waste management laws in the UK which help the people in the UK to
manage the different types of waste. This will help the individual to keep the environment free
from the different pollution such as land, water and air pollution. There are several changes take
place in the waste policy of UK. After 2000, there were many changes take place which help the
UK to manage and produce of the waste. There were several strategies have been taken by the
England and Wales, and have several features to manage the waste in the UK (Arp and
Sparrevik, 2017)
(Ding and Huang, 2016).
The material and waste management in the UK have been transformed by the EU
environmental legislation. The new laws have been created great impact that how resources can
be managed in present and future by the household and different companies. Waste management
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laws govern the storage, transport, treatment and disposal of all the waste such as municipal,
solid, hazardous, nuclear etc. it is generally made and implemented so that the country can able
to control and dispersal the waste so that it does not cause any harm to the environment as the
ecological and biological manner (Ding and Huang, 2016). It is designed so that they reduce the
waste in the coming generation and promote waste recycling (Bernstad and la Cour Jansen,
2017). The process start with the waste determination and end with reduce or recycle of the
waste. Waste determination is the process where the material is being identified by the people
what is to be disposed in the companies and by the household. There are different standard made
by the government so that they can able to control and reduce the waste in the country. The
standard includes the method, location and the permissibility of the particular waste. The
standard is made by the government so that it protect the human comfort and health as well as it
secure the environmental issues. The standard may include disposal ban which is the most
common and standard on the littering. Jurisdiction has authorized a specific area or system for
rubbish collection, deposition or rejection of rubbish elsewhere may be subject to civil or
criminal penalties (Wu and Shen, 2017). Different laws related to the waste disposal are as
follows:
The Waste England and Wales Amendment Regulations 2012: it is the la which is
laied down in the 19th July 2012 and inforced in the 1st October 2012. The main motive of this
law is to sprately collection of the waste. Different people start collection of the papper, plastic,
metal and glass seprately. They also impose the seprate duty on the waste collection duty which
start from the date in the making the arrangements for gathering of the different waste. This help
the country to ensure that those arrangements are in the way of seperate collection (Shearer and
Hunt, 2017).
Battery directive: It is the law which was implemented in 6th September 2006 which is
related to the accumulation and the waste batteries. It is the law which is related to the
manufacturing and disposal of the batteries in the UK. The key aim of this law is to enhance the
environmental performance of the accumulators and the batteries (Fernández-González and
Zamorano, 2017). Generally the batteries consume very hazardous components such as
cadmium, mercury and lead which provide the risk to the human life, health of the people as well
as harmful for the environment. There are various aspects set by the law which are as follows:
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 They have set the specific maximum quantities for the different metals and the chemical
in such batteries.
 They have taken different task which can encourage the enhancement in the
environmental performance of the batteries (Eriksson and Spångberg, 2017).
 Set the standard related to the battery collection rates.
 They need to implement the policies related to the proper waste management of the
batteries which can be recyclable and disposed on the proper way.
 Set the standard related to the financial responsibilities for the events (Arp and Sparrevik,
2017).
 Made the regulation which covers the different legislation which consist the labelling
documentation, marketing. Reviews with the procedural and administrative matters.
Landfill Directive: It is the formally concil directive which was impliment in 26th April
1999. The law is raled to the waste management of the landfills in the UK. The main motive
behind impliminting the law is to reduce and repair the negative impact on the environment as
far as possible (Ding and Huang, 2016). They have select the particular aspects that are
grownwater, water, air, soil and on the global environment which may also include green house
effect. They have made the landfilling os the waste so that they can able to reduce the risk in the
human life in the whole life cysle in the landfill. The law have also significant for the was
hadeling and disposal. They focus on landfiiing the three classes that are landfilling of the
hazardious waste, non-hazardous waste and inert waste. There are some classes which is not
landfill beacuase it may cause different problems to the life of the human being and the
environment which includes liquid, flammable, explosive or oxdising, hospital or other chemical
and used tyres waste (Bernstad and la Cour Jansen, 2017). The law have made different standard
which help to landfilling the watse, that are as follows:
 The different waste should be treated before landlilling it.
 The waste which is hazardious which have meaning of the directive will be alloted to the
hazardious waste landfilling (Wu and Shen, 2017).
 The goods which have the characterstics of the non-hazardous then they will be trated as
the municipal waste.
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 The sites which have the intert waste will be treated as the landfill for the inert waste.
 The criteria for the waste acceptance should be adopted by the commission which is
according o the general priciples of the Annexure II (Shearer and Hunt, 2017).
Waste durective framework: The law was implimented in the 17th June 2006. It serves
the framework for the collection, transportation, disposal and recovery of the waste. The
directive need all the member state by which they can able to impliment necceassary measures so
that they can able to ensure the waste which is disposed and recovered without the causing any
harm to the huamn life and the environment which consist of the registration, permission and
inspection requirnments (Fernández-González and Zamorano, 2017). There are servaral
measures taken by the law, which may prevent seceral aspects such as:
 Prevention or decrease of the waste production and its harmfulness to the environment
and the huaman life.
 Recovery of the waste through different ways such as reclamation. Reuse, recycle and
excrating the secondary raw material as well as use of the waste ast the energy source.
Waste Incineration Directive: The law was implimented in the 4th September 2000
which is on the incineration of the waste. The key motive of this law is to redudce the impact of
the negative environment on the life of the human being which is the result of the emission of the
soil, air, grownd water and the surface from the incineration of the waste. They are adoting and
implimenting the new and innovative plants that have high standard quality in order to contron
emmision in the more effective way (Eriksson and Spångberg, 2017). This directive was changed
by the industrail Emission directive on the 7th January 2014. There are different technnologies
adopted by the commission, that are as follows:
The waste Electical and Electronic Directice: It is the Europian Committee Directive
which is based on the Ekectrical and electronic equipment which is having joint venture with the
ROHS directive and become the European Law on the 2003. They have made the recovery and
recyclable target for all the electical goods which have the maximum rate of the 4 kg/head of the
population. They have made some ristriction on the Uk manufactures as there is new material
content of the electronic equipment placed in the market. They have set total 10 directive
catogries in the electical and electronic directive that are large and small household appliences,
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IT and telecommunication, consumer, lighting, electric, electronic, toys, leisure, sports, medical,
monitoring, control equipments and automic dispensers (Arp and Sparrevik, 2017).
Hazardous waste regulations: Hazardous waste is the waste which consists of the those
properties that is dangerous and if they are mis managend than they van potentialy cause large
harm to the human health and the environment. So there are strict control have been inplimented
which start from the production to its movements, management abd the proper revovery and
disposal. There aue national policy statement which was designed by the state Secretary on 18th
July 2013 and set different governmental policy for the preventation of the hazardous wast. This
provide the framework and guidelines which help the potential developers to find the impact of
the waste and how to prevent from the hazardious matrial to the human life and the environment
(Ding and Huang, 2016). There are some strategy adopted by the commsision that is strategy for
the hazardous waste management in the UK 2010. They set out different princlples so that they
can able to impliment the strategies which help the waste managers and produers to take
effective decision about the waste the produce abd the proper treatement facilities that ate
avaliable for the control of risk (Bernstad and la Cour Jansen, 2017).
UK hazardous waste directive 2008: These are the directive which keep records,
control and monitor the obligation form the cardle to the grave and are required when managing
the hazards over the non-hazards waste. It helps to monitor different types of dangerous elements
which are mixed with the non dangerous waste (Arp and Sparrevik, 2017).
Waste shipment regulations: It is the law which is consisted of the UK regulations. It
controls the waste with at the moment on goods from the UK to the other countries. While
implementing this law, the moments of some goods have been prohibited and other goods need
prior permission which is in the written format from which some are related to the basic
management controls. Different type of control is made which is depended on the characteristics
of the waste, its destination and to find that they can be recovered or disposed (Ding and Huang,
2016). Nowadays ship recycling is the international issue so they have adopted the UK ship
recycling strategies (Arp and Sparrevik, 2017).
Packaging waste regulations: These are the regulation which have the main aim of
harmonise the national measurement that help in management of the packaging waste so that
they can serve high level of the environmental protection. It helps them to ensure the proper
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functioning of the internal market. The major issue was that in the UK, there is about 177 million
tones have been made as the packaging waste due to not proper use of the material and resources
(Bernstad and la Cour Jansen, 2017). This has cause environmental and human health disasters.
To manage these problems, they are adopting different laws such as the waste is transported to
the landfill so that methane can be produced which is the powerful green house gas. They have
adopted new strategy that is Zero waste economy which state that the resources are fully utilised
and valued on the basis of the environmentally and financially. In simple words it can be said
that reuse, reduce and recycle the waste on the large scale (Wu and Shen, 2017).
Referendum mean for UK waste disposal
Waste management and recycling of resources are essential for country's effectiveness
and growth. For this purpose, different norms and strategies are prepared for reducing waste and
optimum utilization of resources. In this regard, UK people vote for clean environment and
reducing wastage of materials on large scale. However, it remains appropriate for resource
management and adequacy in resources to be used. In addition to this, referendum considers as
effective strategy for resources' management which impacts on production and economic
development of nation (Aleluia and Ferrão, 2016). Moreover, it is suitable for increasing revenue
and managing all resources for UK and other countries worldwide. It is recognised that if there is
majority on any tool then wastage of material can be reduced effectively. In addition to this,
referendum is useful for cleaning environment and reducing wastage of excess resources. Thus,
useless things can be decreased that would be effective for utilization of resources adequately
that linked with fund allocation and utilization efficiently. Hence, wastage of resources can be
disposed as well their management can be created systematically. However, it would be effective
implementing UK policies regarding waste management and reducing excess of wastage through
this referendum. In order to this, different businessmen views on referendum of waste disposal
are presented that influences country's effectiveness and growth. However, some essential votes/
opinions of businessmen are as follows:
 According to Jacob Haylor, Executive director of Environmental Services Association
(ESA), waste disposal would be effective for effectiveness in government policies and
recycling all materials for proper management and production of goods (Jensen, Møller
and Scheutz, 2016). Including this, he also stated that it would be good for reducing
uncertainty and managing all wastages.
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 Steve Lee, chief executive officer of Chartered Institute of Waste Management expressed
his opinion that waste management will be able to create clean and positive environment
of the country also associated with people's health, job, skills and growth etc. Therefore,
organising referendum campaign is one of the effective source for country and its growth
efficiently. Thus, positive forces and effectiveness can be obtained for resources and fund
management that influences country's economic growth also remains effective for
creating positive atmosphere for healthy and improving development efficiently
(Blackman, 2016).
 In opinion of David Palmer-Jones, CEO of SUEZ express his opinion that waste
management and recycling of resources influence maximising values and reducing risks
of excess of production and ineffective policies. Thus, risks occurred ion production and
other ways can be managed that affects positive future and implementation in waste
management efficiently. It influences environmental gains and positivity towards nation's
development and proper management in economic and other ways.
 Craig Bennett express his views that waste management is essential for protection of
country's birds and wildlife impacts on its environment and proper recycling. However, it
is also linked with changes in climate, preparing political agenda, implementing
strategies for waste management and reuse of materials (Rada, Ragazzi and Fedrizzi,
2013). Therefore, management of all resources and reduction of wastages can be done
adequately that affects further operations and country's growth effectively.
Thus, above mentioned CEOs' views are obtained in favour of reducing wastage and
proper management of all resources. In this regard, different positive and effective influences are
determined for country's effectiveness and proper growth effectively. In this regard, various
implementations and tools to manage resources are identified (Kulkarni, Thakare and Gawande,
2016). Moreover, it is considered that country can develop as well create innovations in its
proper management and development is possible through this implementation. However, any risk
management and effective production of goods is possible through reducing waste and
implementing strategies for economic development of UK. Apart from this, it is useful for
creating positive environment of nation linked with other sectors as production, employment,
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proper management and administration of strategies effectively. Hence, reduction of wastage is
possible through this method as well remains suitable for enhancing nation's effectiveness.
In order to this, advantages of waste disposal for UK can be understood as below:
 It is helpful for reducing wastage of excess resources that influences further production
and nation's effectiveness.
 Positive and effective environment can be created for resource management and
producing healthy as well safety goods to nation's people for their protection effectively.
 Waste management is able to reduce wastage and proper management of all resources for
further implementation.
 It is effective for systematic production and supplement of goods that impacts on
profitability and proper growth of the nation efficiently.
 It is essential for formulating and implementing strategies regarding nation's economic
growth and reducing harmful wastages of chemical, packaging and biomedical etc.
Thus, it is mentioned that referendum for waste management and reducing harmful
wastages. In this regard, recycling and reuse of materials remains effective for nation's
effectiveness and proper growth effectively. It influences production and supplement of goods as
well other sectors' implementation regarding environment of country positively. Therefore, it is
resulted that waste disposal impacts on management and administration of resources adequately
as well different strategies can be implemented for effectiveness and enhancing its efficiency.
However, various tools can be used for increasing nation's effectiveness through waste
management and proper growth in different sectors (Pazos and et.al., 2016). Moreover, it is
suitable for improving efficiencies and creating positive and effective environment of the
country. In this regard, several tools can be applied for management of all resources
appropriately affects nation's growth and its implementation efficiently. Therefore, effectiveness
of UK can be gained that affects management and other implementations at high level.
Therefore, it is significant for effective allocation of resources and fund that affects productivity
and effectiveness of nation effectively. However, disposal wastages impact on management of
resources and nation's effectiveness. Thus, referendum for reducing wastage impact on country's
growth as well effective implementation its strategies regarding reducing wastages effectively.
10

Therefore, by using this tool, all reusable things can be used adequately that impacts on
profitability and management of all operations effectively.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is the waste that posses the potential threat that may cause harm to the
human life and to the environment. However, these hazardous wastages impact on human body
and country's effectiveness negatively.
There are four types of threat that may cause harm that are inhabitability, reactivity, corrosive
and toxicity. There are different types of waste, that are as follows:
 Chemical waste: It is the waste that is made from the different harmful chemicals which
is produced at the large factories, it is comes under the regulation such as COSHH in the
UK or clean water act, resource conversion and recovery act. It is of three types that is
liquid, solid and gaseous that have hazardous characteristics. There are four features of
the chemical waste that are Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, and Toxicity. These
chemical should be handled and managed in the proper way (Shearer and Hunt, 2017).
 Biomedical waste: It is the waste which includes infectious particles, biomedical waste
that visually appears to be of laboratory or medical origin such as packaging, unused
bandages, infusion kits, etc. These may be solid or liquid such as infectious waste
include discarded blood, identifiable body parts, unwanted microbiological cultures and
stocks, human or animal tissue, sharps etc (Fernández-González and Zamorano, 2017). It
is generated from the medical and biological sources such as diagnosis, prevention, or
treatment of diseases. The biomedical waste may includes Common generators (or
producers) of biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, dentists, medical
research laboratories, nursing homes, offices of physicians, home health care,
veterinarians and morgues or funeral home
 Packaging waste: In the particular organisation, there are different types of producers
who manufacture various products and have different techniques to products the
products. Different raw material and machinery is required to manufacture the goods.
Every process that place in the organisation will produce some while making of the
finished goods. As the goods is being produces, it is packed so that products can't be
spoiled. So the waste which is produced while packing the manufacturing goods is
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packing waste. In the year, there is more than 10 million tomes waste is done in the UK
(Eriksson and Spångberg, 2017). Although, one third of the waste is being recycled but
still some amount of waste is left. As the process of recycle ends with the landfill, the
organisation need to make continuous efforts so that they can able to reduce the waste
and the impact on the environment and human life due to waste. Most of the factories
waste is being dump in the river and that water is used for the various purpose by the
human being which cause several diseases to them as well as it cause environment
pollution as the water pollution. Factories need to manage their waste in such way so that
they can use again and will not harm to others (Arp and Sparrevik, 2017).
 Toxicity: It is chemical substance that damages an organism impact on its structure as
cells and organ (liver). It is considered as one of the complex and toxic group affects
society and community's environment. These toxins are of different kinds such as;
chemical, disease causing, physical toxicants etc. However, impact on human body
appear very bad as of addiction of these toxins (Garnett and Tyrrel, 2017). It occurs
illness, mental disorder, virus bacterium and serious infection that impacts on human
body negatively. In this regard, hazardous are determined that impact on human body and
toxins also determines possibility of weakness, disturbance in immunity system and so
on. Including this, due to lack of water in body, physical toxins occurred therefore
different diseases get occurred shows infections and viruses impact on human body
negatively. However, toxin dose impact on organism and human body negatively that
influences water intoxication, cytotoxicity and hypo toxicity. In this regard, these
toxicities are measured on targets and organ affects human body negatively also
uncertainty in data and evaluation process is determined affects environment very badly.
Therefore, toxicity occurs hazardous and various tools as toxins and protection on
suffered people. Hence, it is recognised that toxicity impacts on human body and
environment badly also influences toxicity class system and its labels. However, entire
body parts and organs get impacted negatively also can be caused of cancer. Thus,
toxicity injuries body because of unhealthy food and taking hard drinks causes for cancer
and liver problems (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland, 2013). Moreover, due to toxocity, skin
corrosion, serious eye damage can be occurred affects cancer and issues related to
organism and immunity system. Overall, because of these hazards, others are also
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incurred as chemical, air, water and soil etc. It impacts on human body and organism very
badly. It impacts on ecosystem of organisms occurred different causes as well
environment and infection in human body.
 Biodegradable waste: This waste impacts on organism and human body negatively as
muscles and digestion problem occurred. It is injury to human body and spreads other
diseases like; liver problem, injury in other human body parts, disturbing ecosystem and
immunity system of addicted human. It also occurred different other wastages as green
waste, food waste, biodegradable plastics etc (Jensen, Møller and Scheutz, 2016).
Therefore, impact on human body get affected very badly also causes different diseases
which disturbs environment and increasing in diseases due to unhealthy food and
addiction of hard drinks. However, different diseases caused like; cancer, disturbing
human immunity system etc. Therefore, atmosphere and human body also get affected
negatively. However, various wastages and imperfection in medical facilities as well
Medicare appears downwards. Therefore, energy for working and other substances get
reduced impacts on human body and organism negatively. In addition to tjis, it is
recognised that biodegradable waste can be found in municipal solid waste including
green, food, paper and biodegradable plastic wastages etc. Thus, volumes for composing
existed facilities seems to be reduced effect human body and organism negatively also
different reactions are occurred in human body. Hence, it is recognised that
biodegradable waste has some advantages like; it can be used for heat, electricity and
fuel. Including this, it can also be used for composting soil and also can recover
contained energy in the form of biogas. Therefore, collected wastes as biodegradable can
be reused for anaerobic digestion plants as well proper nutritions etc. Thus, it can
increase production of anaerobic digester (Aleluia and Ferrão, 2016).
 Food waste: It is done by retailers, food consumers, agents mostly that impacts on
packaging, factories, farms and freshness of goods. However, food loss and food weaste
are occurred in this processes that impacts on supply chain and its consumption. In
addition to this, it is also recognised that food waste impacts on significant amounts,
global market place demand s and food supply chain etc. Therefore, it is required to be
control over these wastages and crops that would be effective for management and will
impact on harvesting. In this regard, providing proper nutritions and food items in
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consideration of healthy food and secured products. Therefore, through implementing
strategies and using different strategies, this food waste can be managed effectively. In
addition to this, it will be effective for building up people trust towards healthy and
secured food items. Along with this, it is considered that by using strategies and their
implementations, wastage of food can be reduced which impacts on human body and also
utilization of reused food can be consumed (Jensen, Møller and Scheutz, 2016).
However, compositing and harvesting corn would be effective for health promotion and
taking care of them efficiently. By using these strategies, proper health promotion and
effectiveness in human body can be obtained efficiently. Thus, by reducing food
wastages, proper food consumption can be gained that affect country's effectiveness and
optimum utilization of resources. In addition to this, it would be effective for nation's
economic and other kinds of growth that impact on healthy and secured food as well
other factors for nation's effectiveness.
 Corrosive: Corrosive waste material include solid waste, acid waste or waste that
produce acidic solutions. These waste are those waste that has pH level less than or equal
to 2.0 greater than or equal to 12.5. A liquid waste can change its form and could became
the corrosive waste. The liquid waste can converted into corrosive waste only if its able
to corrode metal containers such as storage tanks, drums and barrels. Battery acid is the
example of liquid waste that has converted into corrosive waste. ELECTRONIC and
coorossivity are the two methods that could be used for determining that whether waste
material is corrosive or not (Pazos and et.al., 2016). The are the cause for leakage of
harmful material. The corrosive substance can badly effect number of material including
organic and non organic compound in addition to this they could have effect on living
tissues. THERE are different levels of corrosive. IRRITANT this level occur only if
corrosive substance is of low concentration such as metal Example of corrosive
substance is iron that got rusted due to its reaction with air or water. The element that
form corrosive are Alkalis, oxidizer,aids etc. Household cleaning agents are the product
that are being produced by this. To speed up the process of corrosive a catalyst is the
substance used. corrosive substance can be recycled and used. Corrosive material react
quickly when it comes in contact with tissue as compared to other substances, that why it
14

has been advices that once should use safety method before handling chemicals
(Kulkarni, Thakare and Gawande, 2016).
 Reactivity : these waste refer to the waste that readily burst or that undergo violent
reaction. Re Activity describe how substance tends to react with other things as such
there is no method has been evolved to determine whether waste material is reactive or
not. Stills by analysing some characteristics of reactive material it can be jugged whether
the material is reactive or not (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong, 2013). These characteristics are-
 Reactive material when get reacted with water or under normal handling condition it can
get explode
 .it generates harmful gases when it gets reacted to water and when it is being handle in
normal condition
 .Equilibrium point of reaction that includes the extent to which all of it reacts and time
duration of reaction.
 Reactivity is not related to how the material react,it is also it is also related with how
change in individual behaviour take place, its related to individual reaction towards
different situation. Various experiments are being conducted to analyse the effect that
whether individual react according to observer or not. According to the experiment done
by JOHN HENRY says that the effect occurs by knowing that they are being analysed
they change their behaviour (Waste Management, 2016).
 These effect occurs when the person conducting experiment communicate with persons
and express his expectation from the participant on which the experiment have been
conducted.. Alteration in individual behaviour to meet the expectation of other this type
of effect is known as
 Pygmalion effect These effect can be bias and stereotyping.
Thus, as per above mentioned wastages, it is recognised that by preparing strategies for
reducing these implications, proper balance of all biological factors can achieve. However,
variety of positive and effective outcomes can be gained that impacts on human body positively.
Moreover, it can be said that by implementing action plans for reducing these wastages by
managing and recycling them, proper health promotion and effective growth of an individual as
well country is possible. Therefore, changes in these factors would be effective in context of
management and optimum utilization of all resources efficiently (Blackman, 2016). Hence, it is
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determined that food promotion and reusing usable things effectively. Thus, it can influence on
country's growth systematically also impacts on other sectors as well people's trust towards
services and health promotion for maintaining them efficiently.
CONCLUSION
As per this report, it is concluded that waste management and recycling of usable
materials impact on production and effectiveness of nation. In this regard, essential facts about
reusing usable things and products are identified that affects systematic management and time
consuming for their productions. Moreover, various tools are obtained for wastages of materials
and compositing are presented through this assignment. In addition to this, several hazardous
wastages are described that can be managed and also different strategies can be used for reducig
them efficiently. Thus, significance of waste management and recycling has been understood that
affects proper management of resources and country's effectiveness for longer time period
through this report systematically.
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Online
Waste Management. 2016. [online]. Available through:
<http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/dsd_aofw_ni/ni_pdfs/NationalReports/switzerland/
waste.pdf>. [Accessed on 14th August 2017].
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