TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 LO 1 and LO 2.................................................................................................................................1 1. Importance of management accounting in decision-making process of organisation............1 2. Explanation of different types of management accounting system which used in reporting and its integration in business operation.....................................................................................2 3. Critically evaluating benefits of management accounting system and MA reporting in context of organisational process................................................................................................3 4. Calculation of absorption and marginal costing and reconciliation statements......................6 LO 3 and LO 4.................................................................................................................................9 Planning tools of management accounting which indicate levels of effectiveness for Nero Ltd. Organisation................................................................................................................................9 Use of planning tool in solving financial problem of organisation...........................................11 Effective tools of management accounting in solving financial problems of Nero Ltd...........12 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION Management accounting is the tool which used to prepare management reports and accounts in organisation (Kaplan and Atkinson, 2015). These are statements which provides an accurate and statistical financial information to managers in developing short term decisions and to analysing day-to-day business operations. This report provides an assessment which relates to importance of management accounting in developing decision making process in Sewport company. Types of management accounting system is also to be elaborated in this report with its critical evaluation. Further, an explanation is to be provided on three planning tools used in MA and its level of effectiveness for solving financial problems of Nero Ltd organisation. Thus, illustration is given on importance of management accounting in achieving organisation success. LO 1 and LO 2 1. Importance of management accounting in decision-making process of organisation Business owners and managers of Sewport company have to face numerous decisions in regular operations of organisation (Importance of Management Accounting,2018). Therefore, for developing effective decision in organisation, management accounting statements provides useful and accurate information which is related to day-to-day business operations. Such information will relate to profit margin and labour utilisation which overall helps management in developing effective decision in achieving success of organisation. Its importance are as follows- Relevant Cost Analysis: Management accounting information used by mangers of company in deciding products which needs to produce for increasing sales volume of organisation. For developing effective products, MA helps in analysing revenue which earned by company and expenses which incurred for developing business operations (Otley, 2016). Therefore, this accounting tool used to determine whether to add any product line in organisation or to discontinue business operations. Activity-based Costing Techniques: This is the technique which helps management in determining activities which required to perform in selling products of organisation among customers. This is the activity which overall helps in deciding which product has demand in business market which overall helps in generating profit for Sewport company. 1
Make or Buy analysis: Importance of managerial accounting is to provide information related to manufacturing process of company. This process used to analysis overall revenue and expenses which incurred by company during its business operations. This analysis overall helps in developing decision in manufacturing product which provide more profit to company. Utilizing the Data: Management accounting provides information which helps in analysing utilization of resources in organisation. Statements which provide effective guidance in developing decisions which helps in improving performance of Sewport company are budgeting, financial statements and balance scorecards. Creates budget which helps in developing growth: This is the accounting process which helps in developing effective budget for operating business operations in business market (Cooper, Ezzamel and Qu, 2017). Set budget with information of MA overall develops long-term profitability and growth of the company. These are the importance of management accounting which is used by owners of Sewport, in developing effective decision-making process. Decisions which developed with considering information of management accounting will overall result in long term profitability and growth of organisation. 2. Explanation of different types of management accounting system which used in reporting and its integration in business operation Management accounting system is the software which is used in Sewport organisation to track accounting activities of company. Its objective is to provide information related to internal operations of company. This information develop more emphasis on planning and controlling process of company. Different types of management accounting system which used in preparing reports are as follows- Cost Accounting Systems: It is a framework which used by Sewport organisation in estimating the overall cost of products and services which offered by company in business market. This accounting system evaluate profitability, inventory valuation and cost control of goods and services of company. 2
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
Therefore, it is the accounting system which used by organisation in tracking its raw materials which is used in production stage and will convert into finished goods. This method helps management in analysing individual cost of products which helps in comparing financial performance of organisation. There are two cost accounting system that is- Job order costingwhich overall accumulatesmanufacturing cost of organisation. Sewport company apply this costing technique in providing unique and special products among consumers. Process costingsystem is accounting method which is used in Sewport company to accumulate manufacturing cost for each process in company (Tappura and et.al., 2015). This system used by organisation to analyse process requires inflows of cash in different department of business areas. Job Costing Systems: This is method which is used by Sewport company for assigning manufacturing cost of products which offered by company. This system only used by company when they are offering diversified products in business market. Therefore, this method helps in recording direct material and direct labour used to assign each job in company. Inventory Management Systems: It is the system which helps in tracking entire supply chain or portion which used in business operation of company. This is the system which helps management of Sewport to see all small moving parts of business operation which overall helps in developing effective decisions for company. There are different methods of this system which includes- Set par levelsby which management set par levels for each products of company. It shows minimum amount of products which must be present in organisation all the times. First-in First-Outis the important principle which means that oldest inventory of company will sell first and then newest inventory will get sold. Last-in First-outis the method which used by company in selling the newest stock first and oldest stock at the end. 3. Critically evaluating benefits of management accounting system and MA reporting in context of organisational process Importance of management accounting systems MethodsAdvantagesDisadvantages 3
Cost accounting systemsWithimplementation ofthissystem, company will able to disclosedprofitable andnon-profitable activitiesbywhich stepswilldevelopto eliminateactivities whichisless beneficial. Itoverallguideto develop future policies to incurred cost which providesmore profitable for business. Costgetmanifested because cost accounting procedure develop from oneorganisationto another(Mårtensson and et.al., 2016). Job Costing systemsWith the help of this technique,company willabledetermine profitabilityforeach job in company. Italsohelpsin estimatingfuturecost which required in each job of company. Fordevelopingthis system in organisation, huge cost investment is required in which more chancesoferrorsare there. Inventory management systems Withimplementation ofthissystem, company will able to savecostaswellas timebyestimating required inventory for Majordisadvantageif thissystemisthatit requirehighcost implementation with its developmentin organisation. 4
operations of business. With the help of this technique,overall efficiencyof organisationwillget increased (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). Importance of management accounting reporting Budget Report: This is the report which is used by management and owners to analyse business performance and cost control in organisation. Budget which developed in Sewport organisation is by comparing actual expenses from previous year. This budget report was also used by managers in deciding incentive of employees of company which overall lead to develop motivation among them in achieving financial objectives of company. Accounts Receivable Aging: This is the report which is used by Sewport company for managing overall cash flow of company which credited to customers of organisation. This report generally used by owners in finding problems related to collection process of company (Harrison and Lock, 2017). If there are clients which will not able to pay amount of company then will tight its credit policies for developing effective business operations. Job Cost Reports This is the report which shows finance of specific projects of company. To evaluate job profitability this reports are matched with estimation of revenues which helps in identifying higher- earning area of company. This report also helps management in eliminating areas which are incurring higher expense and have no use in the production process of company. Inventory and Manufacturing: To make manufacturing process more efficient in company, this managerial accounting report produced by management in developing effective decision in improving manufacturing process 5
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
of company. Items which included in this report are inventory waste, hourly labour cost or per- units of overheads. For developing effective business operations, integration of these reports will prove beneficial in organisational process of Sewport company (Dale and Plunkett, 2017). 4. Calculation of absorption and marginal costing and reconciliation statements a.)Calculation of absorption and marginal costing: Profit & Loss Statement using Absorption Costing (Quarter 1) particulars££ sales66000166000 Cost of goods sold: Variable cost780000.6550700 Add: fixed cost780000.215600 Total production cost 66300 Add: opening stock0 Total stock available for sale 66300 Less: closing stock120000.8510200 Cost of goods sold:56100 GROSS PROFIT9900 Less: under absorption of fixed overhead 1600015600400 Less: selling and admin cost 5200 6
NET PROFIT4300 Profit & Loss Statement using Absorption Costing (Quarter 2) particulars££ sales74000174000 Cost of goods sold: Variable cost660000.6542900 Add: fixed cost660000.213200 Total production cost 56100 Add: opening stock120000.8510200 Total stock available for sale 66300 Less: closing stock40000.853400 Cost of goods sold:62900 GROSS PROFIT11100 Less: under absorption of fixed overhead 16000132002800 Less: selling and admin cost 5200 NET PROFIT3100 7
Profit & Loss Statement using Marginal Costing (Quarter 1) particulars££ sales66000166000 Production cost: Variable cost780000.6550700 Add: opening stock0 Total stock available for sale 50700 Less: closing stock120000.657800 Cost of goods sold:42900 Contribution margin 23100 Less: fixed manufacturing overhead 160001320016000 Less: selling and admin cost 5200 NET PROFIT19000 Profit & Loss Statement using Marginal Costing (Quarter 2) particulars££ sales74000174000 Production cost: 8
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
Variable cost660000.6542900 Add: opening stock12000.657800 Total stock available for sale 50700 Less: closing stock40000.652600 Cost of goods sold:48100 Contribution margin 25900 Less: fixed manufacturing overhead 160001320016000 Less: selling and admin cost 5200 NET PROFIT4700 b.)calculation of reconciliation statements: Reconciliation of Profit Quarter 1Quarter 2 Particulars££ Profit under absorption costing 43003100 Stock Adjustment: Opening stock012000 9
Less: closing stock 120004000 120008000 Fixed overhead rate 0.2-24000.21600 Profit under marginal costing 190004700 LO 3 and LO 4 Part A Planning tools of management accounting which indicate levels of effectiveness for Nero Ltd. Organisation For managing business operations of Nero Ltd. Planning tools are effective budgetary control analysis which helps in managing overall cost of organisation. This planing tools also helps in maximizing profits of the company. Therefore, its development is necessary in managerial accounting because it keeps focus on different important things, plans and policies of organisation. It also helps in developing effective pricing strategies for products and services of company. For developing pricing strategies, Nero Ltd. Will analyse financial statements of its competitors to offer products and services to customers. Job costing helps company in accumulatingmanufacturing cost of goods and services. To offer special products to consumers this costing method is used by company. Process costing method used by company in accumulating process of manufacturing products of company (Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso,2015). Batch costing technique is used by organisation to find cost of identical unit of each batch of goods and services. Tools of management accounting are as follows- Actual Costing- Actual costing is the tool which is used in Nero Ltd to find the actual cost of material, labour and overhead. With the use of this technique, company will able to trace direct cost of the object which has measurable cost. Therefore, this is the method which is used to calculate actual cost 10
which is incurred and allocated in an organisation. This system will not require any pre-planning of costing. ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES This system overall helps in controlling cost of organisationbysettingstandardsandby highlighting variances of the company. With the use of these techniques, company determine materiality limit of variances but it willresultindevelopingcontroversyin organisation. It also helps in developing useful information fordevelopingmanagerialplanningand decision-making process in company. With its implementation, workers of company willnotreportnegativeaspectsofbudget whichleadstodevelopineffectivenessof budgeting (Messner, 2016). With the helps of this system, company will able to develop more reasonable and easier measurement of inventory in organisation. Its implementation result in developing low morale for some workers because management only focus on usual variance. Activity-based Costing- Activity-based costing is an accounting method which is used to identify overhead costing and to assign cost of products of the company. This is the technique which is used to recognise relationship between cost, overhead and products which manufacture in organisation. ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES Mainadvantageofthismethodisthatit provides an accurate cost of the products. This costingtechniquedeterminereliabilityin product cost. Major disadvantage of this system is that it is very expensive to apply in organisation. This method will analyse actual nature and real cost of behaviour which over helps in reducing costandactivitieswhichhasnovaluein production process of company. Withtheimplementationofthistechnique, companyfacedifficultyinselectingcost drivers,assignmentof commoncostetcin organisation. 11
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
Zero-based Costing- It is the method which is used to develop budget from the starting point in which comparison is not analysed with past performance of company. With this costing technique, there is no chance of occurring error if correct utilisation of factors is considered in organisation. ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES Withtheimplementationofthissystem, company will able to distribute budget in more efficient manner which is based on current needs. Major disadvantage of applying this technique is that it is very time consuming in analysing costing factors of organisation. This method also provides a true control over cost which can be increased or decreased with the needs of organisation (Miller, 2018). This method require too much time and cost forimplementingthismethodinbusiness operation. Comparison:allthesemethodsareeffectfullinitsplace.Actualcostinghelps organisation in finding the actual cost of material, labour and overhead. Activity-based costing helps in identifying overhead costing and cost to assign cost of products of the company. Zero- based costing helps in to developing budget from the starting point in which comparison is not analysed with past performance of company. Therefore, its importance for Nero ltd. Is that these costing system helps for proper utilisation of resources in company which overall helps in achieving growth of company. Strategic Planning:for proper analysis of financial position of Nero ltd, company will develop strategic planning which is through use of macro-environmental models. PEST analysis is the effective tool which helps managers in determining factors like political, economical, social and legal which needs to improve in developing effective business operation in market. Use of planning tool in solving financial problem of organisation Planning tools are the one by which company will able to develop effective budget for utilising resources of company in effective manner. Actual costing helps in analysing variances whichprovidesapictureofoverallperformanceoforganisation(Glass,Stefanovaand 12
Prinzivalli, 2014). In solving financial problems, Nero ltd. Develop budget with by analysing cost of labour, materialand overhead so that unnecessary cost willbe eliminated from organisation which overall leads to achieve success of company. Activity-based costing is the method which establish casual link between cost driver and indirect cost. In solving financial problems of company, this technique provides an accurate cost of the products which helps in eliminating additional value of cost which unnecessary incurred by organisation. Therefore, by eliminating wastage, Nero ltd able to achieve sustainable growth of company. Zero-based budgeting is the effective tool which used by company in developing budget which is only useful for present operation of business. By not analysing, past performance activities company will able to develop effective budget strategies which helps in achieving growth of company. Part B Effective tools of management accounting in solving financial problems of Nero Ltd Identification of financial problems: Common financial problems which faced by Nero Ltd is regarding lack of cash flows, huge advertising activities, poor accounting practises, and unnecessary expenditure. There are various management accounting tools by which company will able to solve its financial issues. Using Benchmarking: Benchmarkingconsideredasmostimportantsourceofwhichisformeasuringfinancial performance of Nero ltd. Benchmarking helps in identifying problems which relates to variances of organisation (Financial Benchmarking- What is financial benchmarking,2018.). In solving that variances, benchmarking helps in developing set of standards which measure various management accounting techniques in solving financial problems of organisation. Benchmarking is the method in which company will develop set of practise by comparing business operations of other organisation. The most common value which used in its measuring are Quality, time and cost elements of company. For example: Nero ltd. Facing problems in proving quality of products in proper allocation of time. Therefore, its managers has decided to use benchmarking where they have 13
analysed financial statements of its competitors in developing effective strategies in providing quality of services with proper time in business market. Using Key Performance Indicators: Key performance indicators are the one which helps in solving financial problems of company by effective analysis of resources. There are two types of key performance indicators that is financial and non-finanacial. Financial indicators are the one by which company will analyse ability of company in paying its short term debt and assets. Financial indicators also helps in identifying capabilities of short term assets of company with respect to short term debt. Financial indicators also helps to remain solvent by developing effective day-to-day business operations. Non-financial indicators are the one which used by human resource management of company. In which human resource management, will develop skilled staff in achieving organisational objectives. For example:- Nero ltd. Does not have effective skilled staff which helps in developing timely availability of products and services in business market. Therefore, human resource department develop strategies where to achieve success of company, management has hired skilled staff which are motivated in developing business operations in marketplace. Importance of management accounting to respond financial problems in achieving sustainable success of Nero ltd. Management accounting plays an important role in developing sustainable success of business in Nero Ltd. Organisation. In solving financial problems, effective management accounting tools and techniques will be used by managers. Such tools may be zero-based costing, activity costing, standard costing etc. These are the techniques which helps in developing effective strategies which help in integrating various problems in proper decision-making process. Managementaccountingalsohelpsinpreparingreportwhichprovidesnecessary information of day-to-day activities of business. This analysis helps in understanding strategies which needs to develop regarding pricing and budget of organisation. Therefore, management accounting helps in developing planning and controlling activities in which specific planning get developed to execute effective business operations. 14
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
Management accounting also helps in implementing plans with helps of managerial reports such as budgetary reports, performance report etc. Decision which developed with use of this report overall helps company in achieving competitive advantage of company. CONCLUSION From the above report it can be summarised that, management accounting is the effective tool which needs to develop in every organisation. This managerial accounting helps in developing policies and strategies for developing effective day-to-day operations. Different budgetary tools are explained in this report which analysed importance of budget in solving financial problems of organisation. It is also summarised from this report that, tools of management accounting also helps to develop effective policies by which company will able to achieve its sustainable success from business market. 15
REFERENCES Books and Journals Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S.Q., 2017. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard.Contemporary Accounting Research.34(2). pp.991-1025. Dale, B.G. and Plunkett, J.J., 2017.Quality costing. Routledge. Glass, V., Stefanova, S. and Prinzivalli, J., 2014. Zero-based budgeting: Does it make sense for universal service reform?.Government Information Quarterly.31(1). pp.84-89. Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017.Advanced projectmanagement: astructuredapproach. Routledge. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons. Mårtensson, M and et.al., 2016. Management accounting of control practices: a matter of and for strategy. Inthe 9TH INTERNATIONAL EIASM PUBLIC SECTOR CONFERENCE, held in LISBON, PORTUGAL, SEPTEMBER 6-8, 2016.. Messner, M., 2016. Does industry matter? How industry context shapes management accounting practice.Management Accounting Research.31.pp.103-111. Miller, G., 2018.Performance based budgeting. Routledge. Otley,D., 2016.Thecontingencytheoryof managementaccountingand control:1980– 2014.Management accounting research.31.pp.45-62. Tappura, S and et.al., 2015. A management accounting perspective on safety.Safety science.71. pp.151-159. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial & managerial accounting. John Wiley & Sons. Online Financial Benchmarking- What is financial benchmarking. 2018. [ONLINE]. Available through <https://debitoor.com/dictionary/financial-benchmarking> 16